初高中英语学习衔接I---音标.doc

初高中英语学习衔接（I） ------ 英语国际音标
I. 语音的几个概念：
1. 字母：______个，元音字母___个（_______________）, 辅音字母___个（_______________________________________________________________________）.
2. 音素：字母在单词中的发音。
3. 音标：音素的书写符号。
4. 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ago, bad, bike, mother, understand

II. 英语国际音标表：
元 音 音 标 分 类
单元音
短元音
[I ] [ə ] [ɔ ] [u ] [ʌ] [e] [æ]
长元音
[i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] [a:]
双元音
[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au] [əu] [iə] [εə] [uə]
辅 音 音 标 分 类
清浊成对的辅音
清辅音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [ʃ] [tʃ] [ts] [tr]
浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dz] [dr]
其它辅音
[h] [r] [j] [w] [m] [n] [ŋ] [l]

III. 音标各个击破：
1. [i:] sheep, seat, see, sea, he
Please keep these streets clean.
Please feel free to call me. 请随时给我打电话。
It’s easier to dream than to achieve. 梦想容易实现难。
2. [I ] ship, sit, pick, sick, pig
This is a small gift; I hope you like it.
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
3. [ə:] early, bird, pearl, girl, hurt, learn
The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
I gave her some pearls for her thirty-first birthday.
4. [ə ] again, wonderful, remember, forever
We are eager to get together again this November.
Excuse me, can I bother you for a moment? 对不起，我能打扰你一会儿吗？
5. [ɔ:] fall, your, door, basketball
Your four daughters are all very tall.
Force yourself to do more. 强迫你自己做多一些。
6. [ɔ ] hot, dog, lot, cock, lock
I have got a pot of hot water.
Lots and lots of clocks and watches are on sale in the shops.
7. [u:] moon, move, room, cool, true
Soon my dream will come true.
You must choose either boots or shoes.
8. [u ] book, good, look, cook, put
The cook understood that the sugar was no good.
We tried to book a room but the hotel was full.
9. [a:] are, far, charge, start, bar, large, party
He is smart and kind-hearted, but he doesn’t work hard.
Pardon me, but where can I park my car?
10. [ʌ] cut, but, must, duck, uncle
Your party sounds like fun, but I just can’t come until one.
Money doesn’t grow on trees. 钱不是从天上掉下来的。
11. [e] bed, get, leg, hen, lend, pen, let
Never let your parents down. 永远不要令你的父母失望。
Your extra effort will have excellent effects. 你加倍的努力将会得到显著的成果。
12. [æ] cat, pack, dad, band, glad
I am so glad that nothing bad has happened. 我很高兴没发生什么糟糕的事情。
As a matter of fact, I have a happy family.
13. [ei] afraid, lake, late, straight, main
Don’t make the same mistake.
New York is an amazing city. It’s a great place to visit.
14. [ai] like, time, kind, bicycle, shy, shine
Life is all about trying to make up your mind. 生活就是努力去下定决心。
My eyes are tired because I tried to read in the poor light.
15. [ɔi] boy, toy, coin, choice, point
Join our game and you will enjoy it.
There is no way to avoid noise pollution in a big city.
16. [au] how, now, our, hour, pronounce
Get out of my house right now!
How about going downtown now?
17. [əu] smoke, low, know, moment, hope
Though I am alone, I don’t feel lonely.
Smoking is not only bad for your health but also makes you look so old.
18. [iə] tear, pioneer, near, dear, deer
The atmosphere here is very clear.
A man can’t hear without his ears.
19. [εə] pear, hair, prepare, bear, stair, stare
I don’t care what you wear.
I don’t dare to go there; I’m scared.
20. [uə] sure, tour, usual, poor
I’m sure he is very cruel.
21. [p ] put, park, pool, cap, lamp, tap
Put the pens and pencils on a piece of paper, please.
Let’s try to make the impossible possible. 让我们把不可能的事变为可能。
22. [b ] book, bird, bow, burst, behavior
Both of them lived abroad before the baby was born.
Tell me a little bit about your family.
23. [t ] tip, meat, request, tough, tell, take, chat
Tom ought to try to take his test at the right time.
One today is worth two tomorrows. Time is too precious to waste.
24. [d ] dog, deep, mud, delicious, homeland, difference, Indian
The lady in the red dress was beating the mad dog to death.
I decided to go abroad for further study.
25. [k ] kick, black, pack, clever, nickname, back, catch
The cook baked a cake, which was like a rock.
---Can you give me the secrets to your success? ---Hard work.
26. [g ] good, give, glad, government, bag, leg
Getting angry won’t do any good.
All governments should do something about the growing problem of illegal drugs!
27. [f ] wife, life, knife, fifty, floor, flower, fly, free
I feel so foolish for forgetting your birthday. Please forgive me.
He followed the footpath through the fields to the forest.
28. [v] voice, movement, very, cave, drive, volumn
In my view, we should avoid violent behavior.
They arrived at seven in the evening.
29. [θ] bath, truth, faith, breath, think, thank
We have been through thick and thin together. 我们一直同甘共苦。
I forgot a thousand things but I remembered to say thank you.
30. [ð] the, they, father, breathe, bother, brother
Do you prefer northern food or southern food?
Either we go now, or we wait for another day with better weather.
31. [s] sad, sand, piece, press, student, safe, dress, case
Pass me the cups and books on the desk.
She asks the students to hand in their essays once a week.
32. [z] zoo, size, use, seize, amuzement, zigzag
These are small size shoes.
If you always do everything with zeal(热情) and enthusiasm, you will succeed easily.
33. [ʃ] ship, shake, rush, translation, fish, share
You should be patient with(耐心对待) your parents.
She is concious of (意识到)her shortcomings now. I’m sure she will do better.
34. [ʒ] treasure, measure, pleasure, usual
I take pleasure in learning foreign languages.
I occasionally(偶尔) watch television in my leisure(空闲的，休闲的) time.
35. [tʃ] church, teach, watch, children, check
Charles is such a cheap guy! He wanted me to buy him lunch.
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 别过早乐观。
36. [dʒ] judge, bridge, huge, large, language, challenge, encourage
His courage to meet the challenge greatly encouraged me.
Would you arrange an appointment with the manager for me?
37. [ts] lots, cuts. counts, habits, gets, boots
There are no more seats for the peasants.
38. [dz] goods, words, weekends, friends
It’s not good to have good words but no deeds.
39. [tr] tree, true, trousers, trouble, treasure
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。
The movie was extremely interesting.
40. [dr] drive, drink, dry, draw, dream, dress
Never drink and drive. Drunken drivers kill hundreds of people every year.
41. [h ] how, have, her, happy, happiness, handle
He has lots of head but not much heart. 他很有头脑但是没有什么同情心。
42. [r ] rule, red, read, run, river, rate
Speaking good English really requires a lot of hard work and energy, but it’s really worth the effort.
43. [j ] yes, yellow, your, yell, young, year, yet, lawyer
Do you mind if I use your computer for a while?
I’m sure you will soon get used to the new university.
44. [w] what, when, worker, whether, weather, watch, weight, well
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的都值得好好地做。
I don’t know whether I want to work in this weather.
45. [m] moon, room, come, home, company
My mother wants to make money from the stock(股票) market.
I will meet you in my hotel room in a few minutes.
46. [n ] nice, note, notice, name, pen, begin,
My son was born on November nineteenth, nineteen ninety-nine.
I’m not alone in this opinion.
47. [ŋ ] ink, pink, bring, seeing, drink, English,
Could you bring me something to eat and drink? I’m so hungry and thirsty.
48. [l ] kill, sell, ball, feel, cool; please, believe, life, blame, cooler
I have lived alone for a long time, but I seldom feel lonely.
It’s a little painful. Control yourself.

IV．拼读中的另外几个规则：
1. 重读：
admit [əd'mit] cheerful ['tʃiəful] gifted ['giftid]
ruin ['ru: in] academic [ækə'demik] record [ri'kɔ: d / 'rekɔ: d]
advertisement [əd'və: tismənt / ədvə'taizmənt]
2. 浊化：在[s]音后的[p][ t][ k][ tr]音一般对应浊化为[b][ d][ g][ dr]音。
[p] → [b] sport, spend, sparkle, speak, splendid
[t] → [d] stay, start, stare, steel, state
[k] → [g] school, skate, sky, skill, square
[tr]→ [dr] street, straight, strange, strong, strength
3. 连读：在意思连贯的词组中，若前一个词以辅音或元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，则两个音往往要连起来念。
give up thank you an old cap first of all
good afternoon far away for an hour
There is a pair of shoes in the room.
V. Practice
1. 拼读音标写单词：
Exercise 1.
[neim]
_________
['bætəri]
_________
['tenis]
_________
[hau]
_________
[tu: l]
_________
[ʃəu]
_________
[but]
_________
[helθ]
_________
[bi'lɔŋ]
_________
[riŋ]
_________
[ə'merikə]
_________
[θrəu]
_________
[tʃes]
_________
['mju: zik]
_________
['dʒænjuəri]
_________
['telefəun]
_________
[pen]
_________
[di'said]
_________
['piktʃə]
_________
[kæt]
_________
[diə]
_________
['həumwə:k]
_________
[fʌn]
_________
['hʌsbənd]
_________
[in'vent]
_________
[θə: ti]
_________
[riə'laiz]
_________
[dʒi'ɔgrəfi]
_________
[greit]
_________
[wiz'aut]
_________

Exercise 2.
[kwikli]
_________
['niəbai]
_________
['mʌŋki]
_________
[fa: st]
_________
[ri'fju: z]
_________
['neibə(r)]
_________
[e'sei]
_________
[bə: n]
_________
[daun'stεəz]
_________
[ʌn'fεə]
_________
['fainɔl]
_________
[i'skeip]
_________
['kændi]
_________
['æŋkʃəs]
_________
[ri'sə(r)tʃ]
_________
[kɔ: z]
_________
[kætʃ]
_________
[ri'plai]
_________
[tɔ: t]
_________
[əu'ʃən]
_________
['peiʃənt]
_________
[sək'si: d]
_________
[pri'tend]
_________
['səuldʒə(r)]
_________
[ə'nɔi]
_________
['iəriŋ]
_________
[və'kæbjuləri]
_________
['sə(r) kəl]
_________
['miljən]
_________
['kɔnsəntreit]
_________

Exercise 3.
['ɔfə]
_________
[kən'tinju:]
_________
['nəutis]
_________
[ha:（r）t]
_________
[dri: m]
_________
['plezənt]
_________
['leitist]
_________
[kən'klu: ʒən]
_________
[θrəu]
_________
['æktʃuəli]
_________
['hʌŋgə(r)]
_________
['sentʃəri]
_________
[ʃa: k / ʃɔk]
_________
[ri'pεə]
_________
[rʌʃ]
_________
['pi: sfəl]
_________
[dis'eibəld]
_________
['mædʒik]
_________
[tauə]
_________
[blaind]
_________
['grædʒuəli]
_________
[kən'vi: niəut]
_________
['speʃəli]
_________
[rʌbiʃ]
_________
[træns'leit]
_________
['dəuneit]
_________
[pli: zd]
_________
[prə'vaid]
_________
[kju:]
_________
[hu: z]
_________

2. 拼读并按音节记忆以下单词。

interest ['intrist]
Pacific [pə'sifik]
suggest [sə'dʒest] [səg'dʒest]
attitude ['ætitu: d] ['ætitju: d]
increase [in'kri: s]
establish [i'stæbliʃ]
thrilling ['θriliŋ]
pleasure ['pleʒə(r)]
peaceful ['pi: sfəl]
imagine [i'mædʒin]
jungle ['dʒʌŋgəl]
legend ['ledʒənd]
including [in'klu: diŋ]
produce [prə'du: s] [prə'dju: s]
photograph ['fəutəgræf] ['fəutgra: f]
gotten ['gɔ: tn] ['gɔtn]
laboratory ['læbrətɔ: ri] [lə'bɔrətri]
announce [ə'nauns]
barbecue ['ba: b(r) bikju:]
relaxed [ri'lækst]
vegetarian [,vedʒi'teriən] [,vedʒi'tεəriən]
appreciate [ə'pri: ʃieit]
educational [,edʒə'keiʃənəl] [,edju'keiʃənəl]
elementary [,eli'mentəri]
fascinating ['fæsineitiŋ]
microwave ['maikrəweiv]
convenient [kən'vi: niənt]
popularity [,pɔ: pju'læriti] [,pɔpju'læriti]
underground ['ʌnd(r) graund]
organization [,ɔ: rgənə'zeiʃən] [,ɔ: gənai'zeiʃən]

3. 大声朗读、背诵以下短文。

Believe it or not, the Internet is a very useful and important part of our modern life. The most basic function of the Internet is finding information, such as international and domestic news. We can also use it to keep in touch with our friends and families through e-mail. Some people even take on-line courses, learn languages, other things through the Internet. Of course, it’s also possible to use the Internet for entertainment. We can download music, keep up with sports, or play games. We can even shop online. The Internet really is changing the way we live in the world today.

Why Do We Go to University?
What’s the point of a university education? There are different points of view on this topic.
There are those who think that a university education is a step on the path to a highly-paid career. It may be true that university graduates generally make higher salaries and receive more respect from society than those who do not attend university. However, students who think this is the only purpose of education are generally disappointed. That’s because the real purpose of education is to learn more in order to better serve society. Only those students who understand this will receive the full benefits of a university education.

Keys
1. 拼读音标写单词：
Exercise 1.
[neim]
name
['bætəri]
battery
['tenis]
tennis
[hau]
how
[tu: l]
tool
[ʃəu]
show
[but]
but
[helθ]
health
[bi'lɔŋ]
belong
[riŋ]
ring
[ə'merikə]
America
[θrəu]
throw
[tʃes]
chess
['mju: zik]
music
['dʒænjuəri]
January
['telefəun]
telephone
[pen]
pen
[di'said]
decide
['piktʃə]
picture
[kæt]
cat
[diə]
dear
['həumwə:k]
homework
[fʌn]
fun
['hʌsbənd]
husband
[in'vent]
invent
[θə: ti]
thirty
[riə'laiz]
realize
[dʒi'ɔgrəfi]
geography
[greit]
great
[wiz'aut]
without

Exercise 2.
[kwikli]
quickly
['niəbai]
nearby
['mʌŋki]
monkey
[fa: st]
fast
[ri'fju: z]
refuse
['neibə(r)]
neighbour
[e'sei]
essay
[bə: n]
burn
[daun'stεəz]
downstairs
[ʌn'fεə]
unfair
['fainɔl]
final
[i'skeip]
escape
['kændi]
candy
['æŋkʃəs]
anxious
[ri'sə(r)tʃ]
research
[kɔ: z]
cause
[kætʃ]
catch
[ri'plai]
reply
[tɔ: t]
taught
[əu'ʃən]
ocean
['peiʃənt]
patient
[sək'si: d]
succeed
[pri'tend]
pretend
['səuldʒə(r)]
soldier
[ə'nɔi]
annoy
['iəriŋ]
earring
[və'kæbjuləri]
vocabulary
['sə(r) kəl]
circle
['miljən]
million
['kɔnsəntreit]
concentrate

Exercise 3.
['ɔfə]
offer
[kən'tinju:]
continue
['nəutis]
notice
[ha:（r）t]
heart
[dri: m]
dream
['plezənt]
pleasant
['leitist]
latest
[kən'klu: ʒən]
conclusion
[θrəu]
throw
['æktʃuəli]
actually
['hʌŋgə(r)]
hunger
['sentʃəri]
century
[ʃa: k / ʃɔk]
shock
[ri'pεə]
repair
[rʌʃ]
rush
['pi: sfəl]
peaceful
[dis'eibəld]
disabled
['mædʒik]
magic
[tauə]
tower
[blaind]
blind
['grædʒuəli]
gradual