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职称英语《综合类》试题A及答案
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子背面所给4个选项中选取1个与划线某些意义最相近词或短语。
1 The nursery is bright and cheerful.
A pleasant B clean C peaceful D large
2 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.
A never B rarely C often D only
3 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.
A fetched B carried C attractedD pushed
4 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.
A placedB showed C pointed D decided
5 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?
A explain B examine
C chooseD expand
6 About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories
A third B fourth
C tenth D fifteenth
7 She was grateful to him for being so good to her.
A careful B hateful
C beautifulD thankful
8 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt.
A resultB judgement
C estimation D event
9 He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want.
A sure B angry
C doubtful D worried
10 The last few weeks have been enjoyable.
A close B near
C past D several
11 What were the consequences of the decision she had made?
A reasonsB results
C causes D bases
12 They didn't realize how serious the problem was
A knowB forget
C doubt D remember
13 We shall keep the money in a secure place
A clean B secret
C distant D safe
14 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.
A attacked B surprised
C attractedD interested
15 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centre
A get rid of B set up
C repair D paint
参照答案:
1.A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
阅读判断(第16～22题,每题1分,共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请依照短文内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供是对的信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
The Industrial Age and Employment
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
16 The established work patterns may be changed with the closing of the industrial age.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Universal employment has brought about economic freedom.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Many people depended on the land for a living before the 17th century.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Improved transport enabled people to travel longer distances to their work places.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Employed women of equal qualifications are paid less than men.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 A large number of teenagers will quit school next year.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Now is the time to handle the issue of employment in a practical manner.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. A
概括大意与完毕句子(第23～30题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23～26题规定从所给6个选项中为第2～5段每段选取1个对的小标题;(2)第27～30题规定从所给6个选项中选取4个对的选项,分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应位置上.
Searching for Smiles
1 Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be: "to be happy." Ed Deiner, an American psychology professor, has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy, comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.
2 Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway. "If you're a cheerful, happy person, your marriage is more likely to last, and you're more likely to make money and be successful at your job. On average, happy people have stronger immune (免疫) systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer."
3 So who are the world's happiest people? It depends on how the word is defined. There is individual happiness, the sense of joy we get when we do something we like. But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave. According to Professor Deiner, the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.
4 "In the West, the individualistic (个人主义) culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East. People ask themselves, what can I do that's fun or interesting? They become unhappy when they can't do any of these things. If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy, they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives. If not much has gone wrong, then they are satisfied."
5 People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture, Professor Deiner found. "The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame. Hispanic (西班牙语言) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others."
6 Income also made a big difference to people's happiness, but only at the lowest levels. Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty. But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes. It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.
7 But can we be too happy? "You get people who are actually happy, but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier. This desire to be always happy is a product of individualism, where the emphasis is on you individually, your emotions and feeling good. People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them."
1 Paragraph 2__________ .
2 Paragraph 3__________ .
3 Paragraph 4__________ .
4 Paragraph 5__________ .
A Happiest Culture
B An Unhappy Person
C Definition of Happiness
D Cultural Differences in Happiness
E Reasons to Be Happy
F Individual and Ordinary Happiness
5 Professor Deiner has spent many years studying__________ in happiness.
6 Professor Deiner believes that a happy person is less prone (易患) to__________ .
7 Once we have got enough to feel safe, money does not make __________ difference to our happiness.
8 According to Professor Deiner, some people feel unhappy because they cannot appreciate__________ .
A a question
B ordinary happiness
C individualism
D cultural differences
E much
F illnesses
23. E 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D
28. F 29. E 30. B
阅读理解(第1～15题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题背面均有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并依照短文回答其背面问题,从4个选项中选取1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应位置上。
第一篇
Sleep Necessary for Memories
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain. A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead, scientists have found.
The research, published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long-term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (巩固)," said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down. My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the flailing down," Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities, the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect- serious memory impairment (损害).
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night. But for those kept awake, no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal (斜线形) bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal (水平) stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.
1 The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory was__________.
A intelligence.
B time.
C food.
D sleep.
2 Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?
A It was done within 30 hours.
B It was headed by Professor Stickgold.
C It focused on long-term memory formation.
D There were altogether 24 subjects in the experiment.
3 Stickgold's research focused on the side effect produced by__________.
A memory impairment.
B lack of sleep.
C low work efficiency.
D memory recall.
4 In Stickgold's experiment, those who were kept awake on the first night__________.
A could very well remember the direction of the diagonal bars.
B didn't do any better after two nights' sleep.
C were as tired as those who were not.
D could recall the direction of more bars than those who were not.
5 Those who slept the first night__________.
A couldn't remember the task.
B could not sleep the second and third nights.
C performed slightly better than those who did not
D did much better than those who did not.
第二篇
The Cherokee Nation
Long before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures…… For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible - there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint (在枪口威胁下) into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings, The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
6 The Cherokees used to live__________.
A by the roadside.
B in the southeastern part of the US.
C beyond the Mississippi River.
D in the western territory.
7 Which of the following statements about Sequoyah is NOT true?
A He was imaginative.
B He was an Indian.
C He was a white man.
D He wrote down the spoken Cherokee language.
8 A law was passed in 1830 to__________.
A allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B stop the Cherokees using their own language.
C force the Cherokees to move westward.
D forbid the Cherokees to print their own newspaper.
9 The Cherokees went to their new lands__________.
A in carts.
B on horseback.
C on foot.
D all of the above.
10 The word "exhausted' in the last paragraph could be best replaced by__________.
A worn out.
B ended up.
C run out.
D finished up.
第三篇
Knitting
My mother knew how to knit (纺织), but she never taught me. She assumed, as did many women of her generation, that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter. A combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date. My Grandmother still knitted, though, and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me, of red wool (毛线). They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋), when it was really important to have warm feet.
Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive. It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do. It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens, you are creating something beautiful. Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time
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