第二讲--英语新闻标题特点及其翻译知识分享.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第二讲-英语新闻标题特点及其翻译,The Significance of Newspaper Reading,Good learning Resources for English learners for the rich vocabulary,which includes various idioms,common sayings and diverse phrases.,2.Enable the learners to enhance their reading ability by providing authentic English learning material.,3.To broaden the readers horizon and be familiar with the American&British cultures.,4.Good helper for the learners to improve their writing skill,due to the expert use of various writing techniques like personification,irony etc.in features,.,1.,美英报刊文章,(,精选本,),周学艺 庞广廉 马忠 牛健编著,北京大学出版社,2.,报刊英语,-,如何读英语报刊,李自强主编 吴世忠 王铁民 朱伟容编写 外语教学与研究出版社,3.,美英报刊的阅读与理解,潘维洛等编著 中国对外翻译出版公司,4.,英语报刊阅读教程,张健主编 外语教学与研究出版社,Part I:Grammatical Features,Part II:Wording Features,Part III:Rhetorical Features,Part I:Grammatical Features of Headlines,1.Omission,2.Tense,3.Voice,4.Punctuation,1.Omission,Omission of function words,such as articles,possessive pronouns,be verbs,auxiliary verbs,etc.,省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等,1)articles,37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash=37,(are),Killed in,an,Italian Plane Crash,Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low,=Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to,a,New Low,Police Rush to Shut Down Performance by Underdressed Actresses(,演员衣着过于暴露，警方及时勒令停演）,=,The,Police Rush to Shut Down,the,Performance by,the,Underdressed Actresses,2),、,conjunction(replaced by“,”),Laurel,Aquino Cut Ties,Laurel,and,Aquino Cut,(their),Ties(,劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳）,Gunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel,Gunfire,and,Explosions Rock,(a),Mumbai Hotel,（孟买）,3)possessive pronoun,Mother,Daughter Share Fulbright Year,=,(A),Mother,(and),Her,Daughter Share(a)Fulbright Year,母女同享富布莱特访学年,4),、,”be”verbs,Headless bodies Dumped in Mexico,Headless bodies,are,dumped in Mexico.,Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader(,党的领导人说：改革一定要讲政治）,Political Efforts,Are,Vital to Reform-Party Leader,5),、,AUXILIARY VERBS,：,(USED IN PASSIVE VOISE OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE),Financier Killed By Burglars,（窃贼夜行窃，金融家遇害）,(A),Financier,Is,Killed By Burglars,Moscows Food Prices Soaring,=Moscows Food Prices,Are,Soaring,有时保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词：顾全某些习语或词组的完整性,e.g:,1)Combat on,the,Web,网络之战,2,）,TB on,the,Rise Again in London,伦敦地区结核病卷土重来,Exercises,Global Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”,A,Global Poll:Fashion Models,are,“Too Thin”,What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?,What,Does the,Declining Registration Rate for,the,Post-Grad Exam Mean?,3 in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon Sex for Stress from Life,3 in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon,Their,Sex for,the,Stress from Life,Great Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”,The,Great Wall,is,at,the,Top of,the,“Worlds New Seven Wonders”,Both Ends of Films to be Shortened,Both Ends of Films,Are,to be Shortened,Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk,Lots of Fruit in,Ones,Childhood Cuts,an,Adult Cancer Risk,US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War,The,US and Russia,Are,Warned of,a,Repeat of,the,Cold War,2,。时态,(tense),新闻标题中一般不用过去时态，而采用,现在时态,，使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中，这叫做,“新闻现在时”,(Journalistic Present Tense),，与文学写作中的“历史现在时”,(Historical Present Tense),实际上完全一样。,英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：,一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。,现分述如下：,1,）、一般,现在时,通常被用来表示过去发生的事,(simple present tense-past tense),新闻用了过去时态，容易给人一种陈旧感，被认为新闻不“新”。,e.g:Heavy Rain Lashed City,Vs Heavy Rain Lashes City,一般现在时,从形式上来增强报道的,新鲜感,(Freshness),现实感,(Reality),直接感,(Immediacy),此外，标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“,ed”,两个字母，节省标题字数。,Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba,(Russian Leader Meets(Met)Fidel Castro In,Kings Speech,seeks,Oscars Crown,Egypt,Backs,Constitution Changes,注意：当标题中出现时间状语时，动词用过去时。例如：,Unemployment in U.K.Increased in October,十月份英国失业率上升,2,）、现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件,Present participle-present progressive tense,对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“,Be,现在分词”这一形式，,但其中“,Be”,又通常省略。,因此，剩下的,ing,分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如：,BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service,(BBC,is,Considering,Starting(the)Global Television Service,）,UK stopping aid to 16 countries,UK,is,stopping,aid to 16 countries,3,）、动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式来表达,infinitive-simple future tense,标题中动词的将来时：,1,）,will+,动词原形,Next Century will Challenge Law of Land,2,）更多采用“,be,动词不定式”，其中,be,通常省略，以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如：,Romania to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel,=Romania,is,to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel,Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov.,Largest Chinese Trade Delegation,is,to Visit US in Nov.,Kaymer to become world number one,Kaymer,is,to become world number one,Practice:,1.Global Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”,2.What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?,3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low,4.Great Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”,5.Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened,6.Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk,7.US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War,Keys:,1.,A,Global Poll,Shows,Fashion Models,are,“Too Thin”(,全球调查：时装模特“太瘦”）,2.What,Does the,Declining Registration Rate for,the,Post-Grad Exam Mean?(,考研热为何降温？）,3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to,a,New Low(,布什支持率跌至历史新低）,4.,The,Great Wall,is,at,the,Top of,the,“Worlds New Seven Wonders”(,长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首）,5.Both Ends of Films,are,to Be Shortened(,片头片尾将“减肥”）,6.Lots of Fruit in,ones,Childhood Cuts,an,Adult Cancer Risk(,孩提时水果摄入多 成年后癌症风险低）,7.,The,US,and,Russia,are,Warned of,a,Repeat of,the,Cold War(,俄美受到警告，谨防冷战重现）,5,。语态（,voice),英语新闻标题中,动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“,be,过去分词”中的助动词“,be”,通常被省略。即，,用过去分词直接表示被动语态,。同时，“,by”,和它引出的动作的执行者也经常省略。如：,Journalist Fired in Spy Debate,A,Journalist,is,Fired in,a,Spy Debate,(,涉嫌间谍案纠纷 一记者被炒鱿鱼）,Three killed in Tunisia protest,Three,are,killed in Tunisia protest,13 crimes removed from death penalty list,13 crimes,are,removed from death penalty list,Chinas newly revised Criminal Law eliminated the death penalty for 13 economy-related crimes,as the country moved to restructure its penalty system and better protect human rights.,Europe Tested by Financial Crisis,(Europe,is,Tested by Financial Crisis),33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting,(33,are,Killed in Northeast India Fighting),Note:,其实，英文新闻标题使用动词的,主动语态,的频率远远,超过,被动语态,。因为从修辞角度而言，主动语态比被动语态更加丰富多彩且发乎自然，读之朗朗上口。只有在事件或动作的,接受者,比,执行者,更重要时才使用被动语态，突出强调宾语部分，引起读者注意。,6,。标点符号,(punctuation),英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练，不使用标点的情况占了绝大多数。例如，使用陈述句的标题都省略句号。即便使用某个标点符号，其主要目的不外乎两种,:,1.,区分表示各句子成分或意群之间的关系；,2.,进一步节省标题字数。,(1),、逗号,(comma),常被用来代替连词“,and”,，表示并列成分之间的停顿。例如：,Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms,=,The,Guangzhou Fair Closes,And The,Trade Booms,（广交会闭幕 交易量火爆）,(2),、冒号,(colon),除了用在引语之前表示,“说”,外，还经常被用来代替联系动词,“,Be”,。例如：,Health Survey:New Yorker Fitter,Slimmer,=Health Survey,says(that),New Yorker,is,Fitter,and,Slimmer,（健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条,),Shanghai:Resplendent Pearl Of New China.,=Shanghai,Is A,Resplendent Pearl Of New China,（上海：新中国的璀璨明珠）,(3),、破折号,(dash),主要用于在引进某一说法时交代说话者身份，既可以表示引语本身可能比说话人更重要，又可使标题内容更加直接、真实。例如：,Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader,=Party Leader,says that,Political Efforts,Are,Vital to Reform,World Unity Against Terrorism Needed-Brown,Brown,says that,World Unity Against Terrorism,is,Needed,(,布朗表示：全世界需联手反恐）,(4),、用分号,(semicolon),表示两层意思（书）,The Gay-Marriage Flap;The Government is out of Step(also Rhyme),（同性婚姻遭抨击；政府背离公众舆论）,(5),、用单引号代替双引号,(single/double quotation marks),Irans nuclear threat hyped,says UN watchdog,（联合国观察机构表示：伊朗核威胁被“夸大”）,II.Wording Feature1,。简短小词,(short words),英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用：,字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛,的词,优势,：,不但可节省、美化版面，还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性,这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇，并且词义范畴很宽，新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”,(synonyms of all work),。,1.Allowance to be,cut,in 200,000 families,(,政府消减津贴波及二十万家庭）,比较：,reduced,2.Reshuffle,axes,Frances cabinet,(,法国政府改组 阁员人数锐减）,比较：,reduce drastically,3.Ethiopia,Jails,Jews Escaping to Israel,(,逃往以色列未果 埃犹太人险囹圄）,比较：,put into prison,体会：,US Refuses to,Back,Environment Fund,Europe Hold Talks to,End,Tension in Yugoslavia,World,Eyes,Mid-East Peace Talk,aid,assist;help,air=publicize;express,alter,change or modify,ask,inquire,axe=dismiss;reduce,assail=denounce,back=support,ban,prohibit or forbid,Bar=prevent,Bare=expose;reveal;disclose,blast,explode,Block;balk=obstruct;impede,begin,commence,boost,increase,check,examine,claim,cause the death of.,clash,disagree strongly,curb,control or restrict,dip,decline or decrease,Begin=commenceease,lessen,bid=attempt,end,terminate,Bilk=cheat,Bolt=desert;abandon,Boost=increase,Buy=purchase,Cite=mention,Curb=control;restrict,Ease=lessen;alleviate,End=terminate,Due=schedule,flay,criticize,flout,insult,foil,prevent from,grill,investigategut,destroy,head,direct,hold,arrest,map,work out,（制订）,mark,celebrate,（庆祝）,name,appoint or nominate,opt,choose,peril,endanger,pledge,determine,（发誓）,plot,conspire,（预谋，密谋策划）,poise,ready for action,（作好准备）,probe,investigate,raid,attack,（进攻）,rap,criticize,rebuke,criticize,slay,murder,（谋杀）,soar,skyrocket,（急剧上升）,swap,exchange,（交流，交换）,sway,influence,（影响）,trim,reduce,（削减）,vow,determine,（决心，发誓）,weigh,consider,（考虑）,标题除偏爱使用短小动词外，还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。,accord=agreement(,协议）,aid,assistance,（帮助）,aim=purpose(,目的）,arms=weapons(,武器）,blast,explosion,（爆炸）,body,committee,commission,（委员会）,clash,controversy;dispute,（冲突）,crash,collision,（碰撞，坠毁）,deal,agreement,transaction,（协议，交易）,envoy,ambassador,（大使）,fake,counterfeit,（赝品，骗局）,fete,celebration,（庆祝（活动）,feud,strong dispute,（严重分歧）,flop,failure,（失败）,freeze,stabilization,（物价、工资等）冻结）,gems,jewels(,珠宝；首饰）,nod,approval,（许可，批准）,pact,agreement,treaty,（条约，协议）,poll,election,public opinion poll,（投票选举，民意测验）,probe,investigation,（调查）,pullout,withdrawal,（撤退，撤离）,rift,separation,（隔离，分离）,set,ready,（准备）,step,progress,（进程，进步）,strife,conflict,（冲突，矛盾）,talk=negotiation(,谈判）,ties,(diplomatic)relations,（外交）关系）,2,。缩写词和简缩词（,abbreviation&shortened words),e.g.:,1.,Xi Jinping appointed Vice-chairman of CMC,（习近平当选中央军委副主席）,CMC,：,Central Military Commission,G20 FM meeting closes with agreement on IMF reform,exchange rates,(20,国集团财长会议闭幕，就国际货币基金组织改革及汇率问题达成一致）,G20:the Group of 20,FM:Finance Minister IMF:International Monetary Fund,作用,&,特点：,既可节省版面标题词数，又能更好地提示新闻内容，使人读来颇感简洁易记，还可使版面编排减少沉闷之感。,无论是常见的还是陌生的，其全称一般均能在消息正文的第一段即导语（,lead),中找到，不解之处便可迎刃而解了。,英语新闻标题中经常出现的缩略词主要分为三类：,1,、组织机构等专有名称,CPPCC=Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference,UNESCO,United Nations Educational,Scientific And Cultural Organization,IMF,International Monetary Fund,ASEAN,Association Of Southeast Asian Nations,WTO,World Trade Organization,OPEC,Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries,IOC,International Olympic Committee,NASA,National Aeronautics And Space Administration,WHO,World Health Organization,IAEA=International Atomic Energy Agency,2,、常见事物名称：,Aids,（艾滋病）,【,获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,】(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,UFO,Unidentified Flying Object,DJI,Dow-Jones Index,CPI=Consumer Price Index,PR,Public Relations,SALT,Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,（限制战略武器会谈）,SDI,Strategic Defense Initiative,（战略防御措施）,GMT,Greenwich Mean Time,JV=Joint Venture,IPR=Intellectual Property Rights,3,、职业、职务或职称的,简称，如,MP,（议员）。,又如：,PM,Prime Minister,（总理；首相）,FM=Foreign Minister,外长,;Finance Minister,财长,DM=Defense Minister,国防部长,GM,General Manager,总经理,CEO=Chief Executive Officer,首席执行官,CFO=Chief Financial Officer,首席财务官,CMO=Chief Market Officer,首席市场总监,CTO=Chief Technology Office,首席技术官,COO=Chief Operating Officer,首席运营官,VIP,Very Important Person,贵宾；要人,TP,Traffic Policeman,交通警察,PA,Personal Assistant,私人助理,简缩词,(Shortened words):,主要是通过对名词或形容词等,截头去尾,(clipping),，或是将一个词的首部加上另一个词的尾部而构成。例如：,留头去尾：,Auto=automobile,汽车,biz,business,商业,celeb=celebrity,名人，名流,champ=champion,冠军,doc=doctor,医生,dorm=dormitory,宿舍,expo,exposition,博览会,gym=gymnasium,体育馆,homo=homosexual,同性恋,info=information,信息,lib,liberation,解放,pro,professional,专业的，职业的,rep,representative,代表,Russ,Russia,俄罗斯,sec,secretary,秘书,tech,technology,技术,2),截头留尾：,chute,parachute,降落伞,copter=helicopter,直升机,Quake=earthquake,地震,3,）截取首尾，保留中间,flu=influenza,流感,frige=refrigerator,冰箱,Tec=detective,侦探,Vic=convict,罪犯,or,victory,胜利,4,）截去中间，保留首尾,ctee,committee,委员会,Cwealth,Commonwealth,英联邦,coml,commercial,（商业的，广告）,govt=government,政府,motel=motor hotel,汽车旅馆,natl,national,全国的,telecast=television broadcast,电视广播,5,）不规则裁剪词,Aussie,Australian,澳大利亚人,telly,television,（电视机）,Brunch=breakfast+lunch,早中餐,ecopolitics=economic politics,政治经济,N-test=Nuclear test,核试验,pix,pictures,（电影）,L.America=Latin America,拉丁美洲,N.Ireland=North Ireland,北爱尔兰,S,Africa=South Africa,南非,Journalistic coinage,Smog=,烟雾,Newscast=,新闻广播,Atobomb=,原子弹,Blacketeer=black marketeer,黑市商人,Cinemanufacturer=,电影制片商,fruice=,果汁,slanguage=,俚语,Euromart=,欧洲市场,Stagflation=stagnation and inflation,经济滞涨,Part III:Rhetorical Features,修辞特点,Dating,and,Mating,for Over-35s,(rhyme:,尾韵）,标题修辞的作用：,生动有力、鲜明形象、引人注目,1.,音韵格,头韵（,Alliteration/Initial Rhyme/Head Rhyme,）,The sun sank slowly,、尾,(,押,),韵（,Rhyme,）,witty/pretty;love/above,1,）头韵,a.Protestants Protest(The Sunday Times,July 9,2000),新教徒示威抗议。,b.Serena Sinks Sister for Success,小,威战胜 大威赢得胜利,(,每个单词的第一个字母都是,“,S”,使用的是头韵手法。声调的铿锵有力渲染了气氛,引起读者注意。,),2,）尾韵：尾韵,又称押韵。利用词尾读音相同,意义相辅或相悖的词组成标题,达到音韵和谐,表意鲜明,突出的效果。如,:,a.Construction in Scenic spot:Protection or Destruction(Beijing Review Oct.17,2002 P.26),景点建筑,:,是保护还是破坏。,b.The lost,the best(Shanghai Star,March27-April 2,2003),失去的是最好的。描写人们的怀旧心理。,c.After The Boom,Everything Is Gloom(,押韵,),繁华好景不再,萧条接踵而来,2),比喻：标题中运用比喻,使新闻中的人物和事件更为鲜明突出。标题通常使用暗喻（,Metaphor,）,a:Children Under Parents Wing(China Daily,Oct.8,2002),文章讲述美国中学发生枪击事件后,许多家长亲自送孩子上学。原文标题中形象地用翅膀来比喻父母的保护,读者接受这种喻体,可直译为,:,父母,“,翅膀,”,底下的孩子。,b:Catching the Asian Flu,华尔街患上亚洲流感,(In 1998,Asian Financial Crisis spread to Wall Street.),c:Middle East,：,A Cradle of Terror,中东,恐怖主义的摇篮,3.,对偶（,Antithesis,）,Give me liberty,or give me death.,不自由,毋宁死。,a.No OPEL,No Hope?,（失去欧宝，无宝可压？）,b.Tiny Islands,big dispute(,小岛屿，大争端,),c.Ordinary Folks,Heroic Acts(,寻常百姓，非凡作为,),4,）双关（,Pun,）,:,使标题产生讽刺和诙谐的效果,Yao Ming:NBA Giant is Big in U.S.,Bigger in China(,姚明：,NBA,巨人在美国受欢迎，在中国更受欢迎,)big:,美语中口语意为大受欢迎,popular,与,giant,相呼应，很容易使人联想起与语境关系密切的“大个子”“大人物”等含义，使整个标题活泼有趣，效果远胜普通的,popular,Microsoft to Open a New Window,5),典故（,Allusion,）,Liberty:Mother of Invention,A Tale of Two Hearts,Earthquake Pets:To save or not to Save,3D or not 3D:Thats a Question,Grammatical features of page space,Omission,灵活采用省略句式,1.Omitting Preposition“on”before“week”or“date”.,China calls for immediate end to violence in Libya,(Xinhua)Updated:2011-02-27 11:52,UNITED NATIONS-China,Saturday,called for efforts to put an immediate end to violence in Libya,to restore stability and normal order in the country as soon as possible and to resolve the current crisis through peaceful means.,2.omitting the conjunctive“that”leading objective clause,Official:China to subsidize seniors over 80,(Xinhua)Updated:2011-02-26 17:39,KUNMING-Chinese over 80 years old would be eligible for receiving a special monthly allowance from local governments,Chinas civil affairs minister said Saturday.,酌情镶嵌插入语,简化句式，使整个句式主次分明，重点突出,插入语在语义上有相对的独立性，既可以提供更多的背景材料，对所叙述的新闻事件加以补充说明，又可以反应有关人员在新闻事件后的意见，观点。,Li,deputy director of Chinas National Committee on Ageing,added that the government should also subsidize low-income and other disadvantaged elders in obtaining nursing services in institutions,communities or at home.,According to the industry paper,Academy voters,-who have an average age of 57-,are more likely to identify with its middle-aged heroes than The Social Networks you