托福TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文.pdf

托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 1 TPO 12 Conversation 1 Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.Student So Professor Tibets,your notes said that you want to see me about my heavy-weight paper.I have to say that grade wasnt what I was expecting.I thought Id done a pretty good job.Professor Oh,you did.But do you really want to settle for pretty good when you can do something very good?Student You think it can be very good?Professor Absolutely!Student Would that mean youdI could get a better grade?Professor Oh,sorry!Its not for your grade.ItsI think you could learn a lot by revising it.Student You mean,rewrite the whole thing?I really swamped.Therere deadlines wherever I turn and and I dont really know how much time I could give it.Professor Well,it is a busy time,with spring break coming up next week.Its your call.But I think with all a little extra effort,you could really turn this into a fine essay.Student No yeahI mean,after I read your comments,I.I can see how it tries to do too much.Professor Yeah.Its just too ambitious for the scope of the assignment.托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 2 Student So I should cut out the historical part?Professor Yes.I would just stick to the topic.Anything unrelated to the use of nature EMITRY has no place in the paper.All that tangential material just distracted from the main argument.Student Yeah,I never know how much to include.You knowwhere to draw the line?Professor Tell me about it!All writers struggled without one.But its something you can learn.That will become more clear with practice.But I think if you just cut out theemm Student The stuff about history,but if I cut out those sections,wont it be too short?Professor Well,better a short well-structured paper than a long paper that poorly-structured and wanders off topic.Student So all I have to do is to leave those sections?Professor Well,not so fast.After you cut out those sections,youll have to go back and revise the rest,to see how it all fits together.And of course,youll have to revise the introduction too,to accurately describe what you do in the body of the paper.But that shouldnt be too difficult.Just remember to keep the discussion focused.Do you think you can get it to me by noon tomorrow?Student WowemmI have so mucherbut Ill try.Professor OK,good!Do try!But if you cant,well,sure for after spring break,OK?托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 3 TPO12 Lecture 1 Biology Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology Class.Professor As we learn more about the DNA in human cells and how it controls the growth and development of cells,then maybe we can explain a very important observation,that when we try to grow most human cells in libratory,they seem programmed to divide only a certain number of times before they die.Now this differs with the type of cell.Some cells,like nerve cells,only divide seven to nine times in their total life.Others,like skin cells,will divide many,many more times.But finally the cells stop renewing themselves and they die.And in the cells of the human body itself,in the cells of every organ,of almost every type of tissues in the body,the same thing will happen eventually.OK,you know that all of persons genetic information is contained on very long pieces of DNA called Chromosomes.46 of them are in the human cells that s 23 pairs of these Chromosomes are of very lengths and sizes.Now if you look at this rough drawing of one of them,one Chromosome is about to divide into two.You see that it sort of looks like,well actually its much more complex than this but it reminds us a couple of springs linked together to coil up pieces of DNA.And if you stretch them out you will find they contain certain genes,certain sequences of DNA that help to determine how the cells of the body will develop.When researchers look really carefully at the DNA in Chromosomes though,they were amazed,we all were,to find that only a fraction of it,maybe 20-30%,converts into meaningful genetic information.Its incredible;at least it was to me.But if you took away all the DNA that codes for genes,you still have maybe 70%of the DNA left over.Thats the so-called JUNK DNA.Though the word junk is used sort of townies cheek.The assumption is that even these DNA doesnt make up any of the genes it must serve some other purpose.Anyway,if we examine these ends of these coils of DNA,we will find a sequence of DNA at each end of every human Chromosome,called a telomere.Now a telomere is a highly repetitious and genetically meaningless sequence of DNA,what we were calling JUNK DNA.But it does have any important purpose;it is sort of like the plastic tip on each end of shoelace.It means not help you tie your shoe but that little plastic tip keeps the rest of the shoelace,the shoe string from unraveling into weak and useless threads.Well,the telomere at the end of Chromosomes seems to do 托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 4 about the same thing-protect the genes the genetically functional parts of the Chromosome from being damaged.Every time the Chromosome divides,every time one cell divides into two.Pieces of the ends of the Chromosome,the telomere,get broken off.So after each division,the telomere gets shorter and one of the things that may happen after a while is that pieces of the genes themselves get broken off the Chromosomes.So the Chromosome is now losing important genetically information and is no longer functional.But as long as the telomeres are at certain length they keep this from happening.So it seems that,when the,by looking at the length of the telomeres on specific Chromosomes we can actually predict pretty much how long certain cells can successfully go on dividing.Other some cells just seem to keep on dividing regardless which mean not be always a good thing if it gets out of control.But when we analyze the cells chemically we find something very interesting,a chemical in them,and an enzyme called telomerase.As bits of the telomere break off from the end of Chromosome,this chemical,this telomerase can rebuild it,can help resemble the protected DNA,the telomere that the Chromosome is lost.Someday we may be able to take any cell and keep it alive functioning and reproducing itself essentially forever through the use of telomerase.And in the future we may have virtually immortal nerve cells and immortal skin cells of whatever because of these chemical,telomerase can keep the telomere on the ends of Chromosomes from getting any shorter.TPO12 Lecture 2 Business Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a Business Class Professor Ok,as weve talked about a key aspect of running a successful business is knowing,um,getting a good sense of what the customer actually wants,and how they perceive your product.So with that in mind,I want to describe a very simple method of researching customer preference,and it is becoming increasingly common,its called-MBWA-which stands for managing by wandering around.Now,MBWA,thats not the most technical sounding name youve ever heard,but it describes the process pretty accurately.Here is how it works.Basically,Um,the idea is that business owners or business managers just go out and actually talk to their customers,and learn more about how well the business is serving their needs,and try to see what the customer experiences,托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 5 because thats a great way to discover for yourself,how your product is perceived,what the strengths and weaknesses are,you know,how to you can improved it that sort of thing,you know Dortans,they make soup and can vegetables and such.Well,the head of the company,had Dortans topped executives walk around supermarkets,um,asking shoppers what they thought of Dortans soup,and he use the data to make changes to the companys product,I mean,when Dortans of all the companies,embraces something as radical as MBWA,it really show you how popular the theory has become,yes,Lisa?Student A But this is dangerous to base decisions on information from a small sample of people?Is it large scale market research safer getting data on a lot of people?Professor Thats a good question,and well I dont want to pretend that W MBWA is some sort of,um,replacement for other methods of customer research.Now,the market research data definitely can give you a good idea of,um,of the big picture,but MBWA is really useful kind of filling in the blanks,you know,getting a good underground sense of how you products you use,and how people need respond to them,and Yes,the numbers of opinion you get is small so you do need to be careful,but,good business managers will tell you that the big fear they have an.and one of the most frequent problems they come across is well becoming out of touch with what their customers really want and need,you know surveys and market research stuff like that,they can only tell you so much about what the customers actually want in their day-to-day lives.Managing by wandering around on the other hand,that get you in there give you a good sense about what customers needs so.So when use combination then,MBWA and market research were the powerful tools.Oh,here is another example for you,um,see you executive for a clothing manufacture.It was,um,Lken,Lken jeans you know,they went in work in the store for a few days,selling Lkens cloths.Now that give them a very different idea about their product,they saw how people responded to it;they could go up to customers in the store asked questions about it,yes Mike?Student B Well,I would think that a lot of customers will be bothered by,you know,if Im shopping,I dont know if I want some business representatives coming up to me and asking me questions,its.Its like when I got phone call at home from marketing researchers,I just hang up them Professor Oh,well,its certainly true that well no one likes getting calls at home from 托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 6 market researchers or people like that,but I will tell you something.Most customers have exact opposite reaction when they comes to MBWA.Now,dont ask me why,because I really have no idea,but the fact is that customers tend to respond really well to MBWA,which is the key reason for a success.In fact,the techniques of MBWA works so well,they have actually been extended to all kinds of different contacts like politics for instance,Um,a few years back,the major of Botamore,Um.I can guess its name is Shapher or something like that.Anyway,he decided that the best way to serve the people of the city,of his city,was actually get out there in it and experience the things that they experienced,so he right around the city in,you know,all parts of it,and he see all the prattles;he see how the trash was sometimes,um,not pick up but off side the street and then they go back to the office and they write these memos,and these memos to stuff about the problems he had seen,and how they needed to be fixed,you know that sort of thing,but the thing is he got all the information just by going around and seeing the different Botamore neighborhoods and talking to the people in them,and he called it-small politics,wed call it MBWA,or just,playing good customer service.托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 7 TPO 12 Conversation 2 Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a Department Secretary.Student Hi.Miss Andrics.Secretary Hi Bret,how are you?Student Im fine;except I have a question about my paycheck.Secretary Sure.What up?Student Well its already been several weeks at the end of the semester my check was supposed to go directly into my bank account but there havent been any deposits.Secretary Thats odd.Student Yea,I thought graduate teaching a system for automatically put on the payroll at the beginning of the semester.Secretary They are.Lets see did you complete all the forms for the payroll?Student I filled in whatever they sent me,and I returned like the end of August.Secretary Hum,well,you definitely should have been paid by now.At least two pay periods have passed since then Student 托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 8 I asked the bank and they didnt know anything.Who should I talk to about this,payroll?Secretary Im going to contact them for you.There was a problem in processing some of the graduate students payroll paper work.Cause their computer program crashed after all the information was processed.And some peoples information couldnt be retrieved.Student Hum.But why didnt any one let me know?Secretary I dont know how they work over there,cause they couldnt even figure out whose information was missing.And this isnt the first time,seems like something like this happens every semester.Student So how do I find out if my information was lost?Secretary I will contact them tomorrow morning to see if youre in the system.But youre probably not.Student What then will let me to do?Secretary Sorry but you will need to fill out those forms again and then I will fax them over the payroll office.Student And then what Well,what I really need to know is how long till I get the money,Im already a month behind my bills and my tuitions due soon.Secretary Thatll get you into the system the same day they receive your paper works.So if you do that tomorrow,youll get paid next Friday.Student Thats a long time from now.Will that pay checking include all the money I am owed?托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 9 Secretary It should.I will double check with the payroll department.Student And another thing,Is there any way I could get paid sooner,I have been teaching all these weeks Secretary I know thats not fair but I dont think they can do anything;all the checks are computed automatically in the system.They cant just write checks.Student But there is another one to make mistakes.Theyve never told me!Woman I understand how you feel and if I were you,Id be upset too.Ill tell you what:when I call them,I will explain the situation and ask them if there is any way you can be paid sooner.But I have to tell you that base on past experiences you shouldnt count on it.Student(Sigh)I understand thanks.I know its not your fault and that youre doing everything you can.Secretary Well,what I CAN do is make sure that your first check for total amount the university owes you.Student Thatll be great!Thank you.I will be on campus about 10 tomorrow morning and I will come back to see you then.托托网 托福模拟考试软件 2.0 配套资料 托福 TPO12真题托福听力和问题全文 下载地址 托托网（）模考软件 真实 iBT 机考界面 托福考试复习模拟的好帮手 高分利器 10 TPO 12 Lecture 3 Music history Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.The professor has been discussing Opera.Prof