非谓语动词公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

非谓语动词非谓语动词 Non-Non-predicatepredicate VerbsVerbs高考语法复习系列高考语法复习系列第1页第1页一 什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区分？二 非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些详细不同形式？三 不同非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示 动作先后关系是什么？四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成份？I.要点知识要点知识检查检查及重难点强调及重难点强调与提醒与提醒 第2页第2页一、一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而含有其它语非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而含有其它语法功效动词。法功效动词。第3页第3页Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_downtoeatourpicniclunch.(上海）上海）A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.boughtC.havebeenboughtD.buyingB第4页第4页非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)过去分词过去分词(-ed)-ing-ing 分词分词-ed-ed 分词分词二二 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？第5页第5页非谓语动词有哪些不同形式？非谓非谓语动词语动词 普通式完毕式 普通式完毕式动词不动词不定式定式过去过去分词分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词过去分词既表示被及物动词过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完毕动又表示动作已完毕,个别个别动词过去分词只表示完毕动词过去分词只表示完毕(多数为不及物动词多数为不及物动词)积极形式积极形式被动形式被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除普通式、完毕式以外尚有不定式除普通式、完毕式以外尚有_进行式进行式done-ing-ing 分词分词第6页第6页 三 非谓语动词所表示动作与谓语动词表示动非谓语动词所表示动作与谓语动词表示动作先后关系是什么？作先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示动作弄清非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示动作之间先后关系是解题关键所在之间先后关系是解题关键所在 非谓语表示动作 非谓语动词形式在谓语表示动作之后在谓语表示动作之后与谓语表示动作同时发与谓语表示动作同时发生生在谓语表示动作之前在谓语表示动作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone第7页第7页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词四四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成份？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成份？第8页第8页 不定式和不定式和inging分词均能作主语，两者有何区别？分词均能作主语，两者有何区别？1.1.表示某一详细动作时，多用不定式；表示比表示某一详细动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象普通行为倾向，多用动名词。较抽象普通行为倾向，多用动名词。2.2.动名词作主语动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用语时常置于句末，用itit作形式主语放在句首。作形式主语放在句首。1)Smoking is prohibited(严禁严禁)here.2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(抽象抽象)(详细详细)Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式应保持形式 上一致。上一致。第9页第9页1).Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have B.Having had C.Have D.Having 2).In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.A.this B.that C.there D.it DD第10页第10页下列句型中惯用动名词作主语下列句型中惯用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.第11页第11页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词第12页第12页不定式和动名词都可作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既能够跟不定式又能够有些动词后既能够跟不定式又能够跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4.有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语第13页第13页 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助帮助)，want(想要想要),refuse等。等。2.2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin.第14页第14页1)Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB第15页第15页 3.3.有些动词如有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既能够跟不定式又能够跟后既能够跟不定式又能够跟inging分词作宾语，分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别意义上无多大区别(但但inging分词分词普通表示经常性普通表示经常性行为；不定式表示详细行为行为；不定式表示详细行为)。Ilike_verymuch,butIdontlike_thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingC第16页第16页LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking假如假如like,love,prefer前有前有would/should,后面则应当接动词不定式。后面则应当接动词不定式。AAwould like 尚有哪些使用办法？尚有哪些使用办法？第17页第17页思考：下列情况中动词后思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？分词作宾语呢？1.Only then did I begin _(see)she was really good to me.2.The moment he returned home,I was starting/beginning _(cook)supper.3.The water began _(freeze).第18页第18页4.4.有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？讨论：有哪些单词或短语？go on(stop/remember/regret)to do/doing go on(stop/remember/regret)to do/doing cant help to do/doing cant help to do/doing be used to do/doing be used to do/doing (get used to doing)(get used to doing)(used to do)(used to do)第19页第19页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词第20页第20页Childrenshouldbeallowed_theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmadeBMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake D第21页第21页1.1.能接带能接带toto不定式作宾语补足语和主语补不定式作宾语补足语和主语补 足语动词有：足语动词有：ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等等。第22页第22页2.2.使役动词，感官动词接使役动词，感官动词接 不带不带to to 不定式作宾语补足语；不定式作宾语补足语；和带和带toto不定式作主语补足语。不定式作主语补足语。常见使役动词有常见使役动词有make,let,have等；等；感官动词有感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及以及lookat,listento等。等。翻译：翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？你宁愿让谁和你一起去？第23页第23页3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表示意义不同。I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _(sing)many times.(4)I heard the English song _(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.singsingingsungbeing sung第24页第24页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词第25页第25页 不定式、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词分词和过去分词都能够作定语，都能够作定语，主要区别在于它们时态意义和语态意义。主要区别在于它们时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰名词含有不定式作定语和被修饰名词含有“动宾关动宾关 系系”,”,即被修饰名词是不定式动作承受即被修饰名词是不定式动作承受 者者;假如不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式假如不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式 动词后加上相应介词动词后加上相应介词第26页第26页分词作定语与动词不定式作定语区别是：分词作定语与动词不定式作定语区别是：现在分词表示积极、进行之意；过去分词表现在分词表示积极、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完毕；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示被动与完毕；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示动作之后即将发生动作。比如：示动作之后即将发生动作。比如：Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed第27页第27页注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room第28页第28页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词第29页第29页 能作状语有不定式、现在分词和过去能作状语有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样状语往往取决于它分词。作什么样状语往往取决于它们位置和在句中意义。们位置和在句中意义。第30页第30页Practise1).When_(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)_(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when_(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If_(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking第31页第31页分词作状语时逻辑主语问题分词作状语时逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子主语一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子主语一致；假如不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，致；假如不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从分词和它逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。句。1)Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.FTT(Trueorfalse)第32页第32页现在分词与不定式作结果状语时区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时区别1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake 2).Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.(广东广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound 现在分词作结果状语往往表示现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现、自正常出现、自然而然或意料之中然而然或意料之中”结果。不定式作结果状语结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示时通常表示“偶然、出乎意料偶然、出乎意料”一个结果一个结果 AA第33页第33页非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词第34页第34页 动名词做表语是对主语内容解释解或用来表示动名词做表语是对主语内容解释解或用来表示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置能够互等。这时主语与表语位置能够互换换 Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs.Ourworkisservingthepeople 第35页第35页 表示心理状态动词如表示心理状态动词如excite,interest等都是及物等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是动词，汉语注解不是“激动激动”、“高兴高兴”，而是，而是“使得使得激激动动”、“使高兴使高兴”，因而现在分词应当是，因而现在分词应当是“令人激动令人激动”、“令人高兴令人高兴”，过去分词则是，过去分词则是“感到激动感到激动”和和“感到高感到高兴兴”。因此，凡表示。因此，凡表示“令人令人”都是都是-ing形式，凡形式，凡是表示是表示“感到感到”都用都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人形式。换句话说，若人对对感兴趣，就是感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin.，若人若人/物本身有趣时，就是物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。现在分词和过去分词作表语区别现在分词和过去分词作表语区别第36页第36页delighting令人高兴令人高兴delighted感到高兴感到高兴disappointing 令人失望令人失望disappointed 感到感到 失望失望encouraging 令人鼓舞令人鼓舞encouraged 感到鼓感到鼓 舞舞pleasing 令人愉快令人愉快pleased 感到愉快感到愉快puzzling 令人费解令人费解puzzled 感到费解感到费解satisfying 令人满意令人满意satisfied 感到满意感到满意surprising 令人惊异令人惊异surprised 感到惊异感到惊异worrying 令人紧张令人紧张worried 感到紧张感到紧张第37页第37页 动名词复合结构动名词复合结构 动名词复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾动名词复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。1)LiPings/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPings/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.(动名词结构作宾语动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可可)(动名词结构作主语动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通只用普通格格)(以以-s 结尾名词结尾名词,只用普通格只用普通格)第38页第38页1)Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling2)_madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.MarysmarriedJimC.MarysmarryingJimD.MarysbeingmarriedJimCC 第39页第39页3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof_couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desksbeingopenedandclosedC C 第40页第40页独立主格结构独立主格结构练习：练习：造一个含有独立主格结造一个含有独立主格结构句子构句子第41页第41页1.Allflights_becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled2.2._foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3.Everything_intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingDDB第42页第42页II.巩固巩固 练习（练习（07高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）福建卷）A.filledB.filling C.to fillD.being filled2.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _ he gladly accepted it.（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.finishedB.finishingB.C.having finishedD.was finished3.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.to take B.taking C.not to takeD.not taking第43页第43页4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard5._ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven6.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）moved B.movingC.to moveD.being moved第44页第44页7.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lostB.losingB.C.to loseD.have lost8.Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（07山东卷）山东卷）A.to seatB.to be seatedB.C.seatingD.seated第45页第45页9.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷全国卷II）A.opened and closedB.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD.to open and close10.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷）四川卷）A.said B.says C.saying D.to say11.He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.（07北京）北京）studied B.studyingC.to have studiedD.to be studying第46页第46页12.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（07重庆卷）重庆卷）A.finishing B.finishedB.C.had finished D.were finished13.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（07全国全国I）A.burning B.burnt B.C.being burnt D.to be burnt14.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（07江西卷）江西卷）training B.being trained A.C.to have trained D.to be trained第47页第47页15.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking16.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest17.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（07陕陕西卷）西卷）A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair第48页第48页19.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.（07天津卷）天津卷）A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let20.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.callingB.calledC.being calledD.to call第49页第49页21.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.to be completedB.having been completedC.completedD.being completed第50页第50页（08高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1(08全国卷全国卷I26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.A.tobebreathed B.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed2(08全国卷全国卷II12)Thedirectorhadherassistant_somehotdogsforthemeeting.A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup3(08北京卷北京卷24)_thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshedlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen第51页第51页4(08北京卷北京卷31)Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding5(08北京卷北京卷32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed6(08北京卷北京卷35)Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and_betteronesofyourown.A.introducesB.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced第52页第52页7(08上海春卷上海春卷32)Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagainA.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park8(08上海春卷上海春卷34)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_theirhomesA.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft9(08上海春卷上海春卷38)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken第53页第53页10(08上海春卷上海春卷39)Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants_in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobsA.cameB.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome11(08上海卷上海卷30)Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried12(08上海卷上海卷33)Iftheresalotofwork_,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing第54页第54页13(08上海卷上海卷35)Somethingassimpleas_somecoldwatermayclearyourmindorrelievepressure.A.todrinkB.drinkingC.tobedrinkingD.drunk14(08上海卷上海卷37)Ideally_forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkisafavouritewithmanyguests.A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located15(08天津卷天津卷04)_theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown第55页第55页16(08重庆卷重庆卷29)toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinsteadA.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed17(08辽宁卷辽宁卷27)Hewasbusywritingastory,only_onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestopped D.havingstopped18(08辽宁卷辽宁卷31)Pleaseremain_;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated19(08山东卷山东卷35)Lucysnewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade_intherestaurant.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked第56页第56页20(08江苏卷江苏卷29)Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomed_atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking21(08江苏卷江苏卷34)TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_asmuchaswecan.A.speak.B.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak22(08江西卷江西卷24)IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention_whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted第57页第57页23(08江西卷江西卷28)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows24(08安徽卷安徽卷30)_inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked25(08浙江卷浙江卷10)_thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintothefore