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一般现在时
一、一般现在时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作(常用often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,every week,on sundays, weekly,等状语连用)
例句: She always takes a walk in the evening.她常在晚间散步。
2、表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态
例句:He loves music.他喜欢音乐。 They don’t speak French here.这里不说法语。
People enjoy reading about the rich and famous.人们喜欢阅读有关富人和名人的书。
3、表示普遍真理、事实,也用在格言中
例句:The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
Spring follows winter.冬天过后就是春天。
A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜似二鸟在林。
4、在由when,if, as soon as,the minute,in case, till,until,unless,so long as,where,whatever,wherever等引导的表示时间、条件、比较等状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即:主将从现。
例句:I’ll tell her when she comes tomorrow.她明天来的时候我会告诉她的。
二.句子结构
1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时,其句型:主+be动词(am, is, are)+表语,即:主语+系动词+表语。否:主语+系动词+not+表语。一般疑问句:系动词+主语+表语?
e.g. The twin sisters are from America. 这对孪生姐妹是美国人。
The twin sisters are not from America.
Are the twins from America?
2、当谓语由实义动词充当,而不需要be动词时,则用主语+谓语+宾语+其他。结构:主语+动词原形/动词s形(do/does)+其它
否定式为:主语+don't/doesn’t+动词原形+其它
疑问句为:Do/does+主语+动词原形+其它?
e.g. We speak Chinese. Eg: My mom cooks for me every day.
Do you speak Chinese? My mom doesn’t cook for me every day
We don't speak Chinese. Does your mom cook for me every day?
三:单三变化规则。
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加 -s
清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/
swim-swims;help-helps;like-likes
以辅音字母+o结尾的词
加 -es
读/z/
goes,does
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
加 -es
读/iz/
watches,washes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y 为i再加es
读/z/
study-studies
不规则变化have和be动词
变have 为 has变be为am,is,are
have-has be-am,is,are
四.时间状语。
always,usually,everymorning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,from time to time,twice a week, once a month, hardly ever,never.
五.练习
1.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问、
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2.Su Yang is a student in No 1 middle school.. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问:
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3.Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问
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六.常见考法及误区
1) 在时间或条件状语从句中一般现在时可以表示将来
I’ll go to see him when I have time. 我有时间就去看他。
We’ll have to stay here if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们就只好留在这儿。
(2) 在 make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),等后的 that 从句中通常也要用一般现在时表示将来意义
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。
(3) 在 I hope 后的宾语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来意义,也可直接用将来时态
I hope that you like [will like] it. 我希望你会喜欢它。
现在进行时态
一.功能。
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态而含有某种感情色彩,常与always 连用。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样? (显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
3、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai. 他们即将前往上海。
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有now, these days, recently, this week 等。
[特征]现在进行时的判定方法
1.若句首用了提示词listen或look则其后的句子常用现在进行时。例如:
Listen! Who is singing in the classroom? Look! Someone is picking the flowers.
2.当句首或句末用了副词now时此句子常用现在进行时。例如:
Now the students are writing the new words. We are having an English class now.
注意并非有now的句子就一定用现在进行时。如Mom, can I play computer games now?
3.根据具体的语境判定用现在进行时。例如: Don't talk. Your brother is doing his homework.
二、动词加ing的变化规则
1、一般情况下,直接加ing
如:cook-cooking clean-cleaning fly-flying walk-walking jump-jumping
2、以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing
如:make-making, taste-tasting , write-writing, take-taking, have-having,
3、如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母、双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。
如:run-running stop-stopping swim-swimming put-putting
三、构成肯定句
主语+am/is/are+ 动词ing
否定句 主语+am/is/are+ 动词ing
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+ 主语+动词ing
特殊疑问句疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词ing?
e.g. 肯定句Mary is reading English books under the tree .
否定句Mary isn’t reading English books under the tree.
一般疑问句—Is Mary reading English books under the tree?
— Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
特殊疑问句(1) —What is Mary reading under the tree ?
—She is reading English books under the tree.
(2) —Who is reading English books under the tree?
—Mary is reading English books under the tree.
(3) —Where is Mary reading English books?
—Mary is reading English books under the tree.
四、根据句子意思用动词的正确形式填空。
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look. They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
五.误区提醒
在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作,用现在进行时表示将来时,这类情况常与come来,go去, leave离开, arrive到达, start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。
典型例题:They are (leaving )for New York tomorrow.
一般将来时详解
含义:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的将要发生动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来),in+一段时间等连用。
一、基本结构及用法
1、will / shall + 动词原形
这种方法一般单纯地表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。will用于各种人称will 常简略为 'll,并与主语连写在一起,如:I'll,he'll,;shall只用于第一人称,在肯定句或否定句中表示将要或不会发生的事情或动作,在疑问句中可以表示建议或征求对方意见。变否定句在will / shall后加not,缩略形式为 won't;变疑问句把will / shall提到主语前。
例如 : I will / shall go to visit him next week. 下周我将去拜访他。
What time shall we go there tomorrow? 明天我们几点去那儿?
2、be going to 动词原形 (否定句、疑问句的变化体现在be动词上)
1)表示计划、打算、准备做的事。
例如:We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过?
2)表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。
例如:I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。
3、 用现在进行时表示
表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, arrive等),可用现在进行时表示将来时。如: Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
常见考法
对于一般将来时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用一般将来时,以及如何正确使用。
典型例题1:He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give
解析:从 on her next birthday“在她下一个生日”可以看出本句说的是未来的事,该用一般将来时,排除A和B;而will后应该加动词原形 ,所以排除C;is going to give恰好是一般将来时的正确使用。
答案:D
误区提醒
There be结构的一般将来时,是我们容易失分的地方,我们要牢记它的结构:
1、There will be
2、There is/are going to be
典型例题: There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have
解析:本题考查的就是There be结构的一般将来时。句首有There ,首先要考虑There be结构,排除有have的选项;再根据There be 一般将来时结构判断出正确答案。
答案:D
中考复习系列 —— 一般将来时练习题:
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 3. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 4. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 5. – Where is the morning paper?
– I ________ it for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 6. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 7. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
( ) 8. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has writte C. will write D. wrote
( ) 9. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back
( ) 10. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 11. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( )12. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 13. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 14. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?
–________ (好的).
A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t.
( ) 15. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is
( ) 16. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we?
– OK. I ________.
A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming
一般过去时复习学案
一、基础知识
(一)用法
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解:
1) ____________________________________
e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.
2) ____________________________________
e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire.
3) ____________________________________
e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
(二)结构:"主语+动词的过去式"。
1.含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980.
否定句:I born in 1980. 一般问句: born in 1980? (主语+系动词+表语。)
2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加________,同时把动词变成______; 变一般疑问句,在句首加_________,同时把动词变成_______. (主语+谓语+宾语)
e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.
① ②
否定句:I a gift for my mum yesterday.
一般问句: you a gift for your mum yesterday?
肯定回答: , .否定回答: ,
特殊问句:① you for your mom yesterday?
② you a gift for your mum?
(三)时间状语
1.yesterday或由其构成的短语,如:
2.由"last+时间"构成的短语, 如:
3.由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, 如:
4.in +过去的年份,如:
5.过去某个具体的时间,如另______________(在星期一的早上), _________(今天早上),______________(去年的三月八日)等
6.when引导的表示过去时间的时间状语从句.如______________________________(在他四岁的时候)等
注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.
7.其它需要特殊记忆的,如________ (最近),________ (一天), ___________ (很久以前), __________________(很久很久以前),________ (以前)
(四)动词过去式的构成(读记课本grammar部分并默写)
be动词的过去式为was, were;行为动词的过去式有________和________变化两种,规则变化有以下4种情况:
1)____________________________________
2)____________________________________
3)____________________________________
4)____________________________________
5)____________________________________
有些动词的过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. (见课本最后不规则动词表)这些需要象生单词一样记住。
二、专项练习:
1 She lived there before he____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
2 I _____but_____nothing.
A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard
C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of
3 When did you ____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish
5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
6 -I have had supper. - When ____you____it?
A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have
过去进行时
从字面上理解,过去进行时指“过去的某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或事情”,这样的理解很正确!
一、结构
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not +现在分词”构成
例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”构成
例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
二、基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2、常用的时间状语 this moring,the whole morning, yesterday,all day , from nine to ten last evening, at that time,when和while引导的时间状语从句 .
三、常见考法
对于过去进行时的考查,多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。且主要靠while和when应带的时间状语从句,在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。
典型例题1:Mary_________ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
解析:割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,表示“割伤手指”的时候"玛丽做衣服"的动作正在进行,它提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时
误区提醒
过去进行时与一般过去时的区分,可能是同学们头疼的地方。大家可以记住以下四条;
1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。(延续性动词)
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。 (信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。 (信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,(短暂性动词) 而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的笼统的时间短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的具体的时间状语一般用过去进行时。
典型例题: I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night.
解析:所给的时间状语at ten last nigh“昨天晚上十点钟”是具体的过去的某一时刻,所以应该用过去进行时。
现在完成时
一.现在完成时的两种用法
1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果和影响。
2.动作发生在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至有能延续下去
二.基本结构:
肯定形式:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他
否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他
一般疑问句:have/has+主语 +p.p(过去分词)+其他?
1. I have cleaned my room. 2. He hasn’t finished his homework.
3. Have you read this novel? 4. We have studied English for two years.
5. They haven’t seen each other since 1998. 6. Has he gone to the library?
三.时间的状语: for+一段时间; since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时);during / in/ over the last years或in recent years);once ,(两次)twice ,(三次)three times;yet, already, never, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since
四.中考考点
(1)have been to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)
have gone to去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来)
has been in 待在某地(强调主语已经待在某个地方,现在还没有离开)
(2)现在完成时在how long引导的特殊疑问句当中谓语动词需用延续性动词;或者在和since或for+一段时间,的时间状语连用是主句需用延续性动词。
Eg;1.He died 10 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
--- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.
五.非延续性动词转化为相应的延续动词
go there—be there come back—be back, borrow—keep buy/catch—have, arrive—be in begin—be on,
open—be open close—be closed, die—be dead
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