非谓语知识点.doc

一、知识精讲
考点一 基本含义
非谓语动词包括：现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词，它们在句中均不能作谓语。
类别 结构
含义
例句
现在分词
doing
主动，进行
1）boiling water 沸腾的水
2）Do you know the girl standing over there? 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？
being done
被动，进行
（正在被做）
The houses being built now are for the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。
having done
主动，完成
Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小时，他离开了。
not having done
主动，完成，否定
Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信。
having been done
被动，完成

Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
过去分词
done
被动，完成
1)The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。
2)The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。
表所处的状态或特征
1)Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。
2)Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。
不定式
to do
将来，主动
I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。
to be done
将来，被动
The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。
to have done
完成，主动
使用条件：
1）看结构是否需要；
2）看是否表达过去或完成之意
He’s said to have invented the telephone.据说他发明了电话。

考点二 重要用法
1. 感官动词see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice 等的宾补有四种形式，以see 为例：
结构
含义
举例
see + 宾语 + do
看见（宾语）做……了

see him go to the office
see +宾语 + doing
看见（宾语）正在做

see him going to the office
see +宾语 + being done
看见（宾语）正在被做

see him being bitten by a dog
see +宾语 + done
看见（宾语）被做
see him bitten by a dog
注：
下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to： 5看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使(make，let，have)；2听(listen to，hear)；1感觉(feel)。
2. leave的用法
结构
含义
举例
leave sb./sth. doing
让某人/某物一直做
Leave the machine running让机器一直运转
leave sth. undone
留下某事没有被做
leave the book untouched 这本书没被动过
leave sb. to do sth.
留下某人做某事
leave me to do the work 留下我干这项工作
leave sth. to be done
留下某事将要被做
leave the work to be done 留下这项工作有待被做
3. have/get的用法
结构
含义
举例
have sb. do
=get sb. to do
让某人做某事
Mother had me buy some salt. 妈妈让我去买些盐。
have sb. doing
1）让某人一直做
2）否定句中)容忍某人做
1)have him standing outside 让他一直站在外边
2)I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that. 我不能容忍你像那样跟你妈妈说话。
get sb./sth. doing
使/让某人物开始行动起来
I can’t get my car running.
我的车启动不起来。
get/have sth. done
1) 让某事被做
2) 遭遇……
1） I’ll have／get my bike repaired tomorrow.
2） Tom had his leg broken.汤姆的腿伤了。

4. only + to do 指出乎意料的结果
【例句】
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了车站，结果却发现火车已经出站了。
5. seat 及dress的用法
结构
含义
举例
seat oneself
就座，坐下
He seated himself.
=He sat down. 他坐下来。
sb. be/remain seated
坐着；一直坐着
He is seated behind me.他坐在我后面。
dress oneself/sb. (in+衣服/颜色)
打扮自己/某人；给自己/某人穿衣服
He dressed the baby.他给那个婴儿穿衣服。
sb. be dressed in +衣服/颜色
某人穿着……
The baby is dressed in red.那个婴儿穿着红衣服。
6. 序数词后用不定式(不用现在分词)作定语
【例句】
He is the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来教室的。
7. to do位于句首时，常相当于in order to do
【例句】
To catch the early bus, he got up early. 为了赶早班车，他起得很早。

二、难点聚点
1. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。
【例句】
When offered help, you should say" Thank you. "or "It's kind of you. "
( =When you are offered help, you…)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢。”或“你真好。”
You should be careful while/when crossing the street. 过马路的时候小心点。
(=While/When you cross/ you are crossing the street…)
三、状元笔记
解题思路
1. 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语间是什么关系（主动还是被动）；
2. 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式（一般式还是完成式）
考点三 动名词的重要用法
1. 动名词具有名词的特性：作主语、宾语、表语等，可用于介词后。
【例句】 (1)His coming made us happy. 他的到来让我们感到高兴。
(2)He devoted his life to helping others. 他一生致力于帮助别人。
2. 动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语可用形容词性物主代词（my,his）或名词性物主代词(me,him)。动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语要用形容词性物主代词。

【例句】Do you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？
3. 动名词的被动式为：being done
【例句】He is afraid of being laughed at. 他害怕被嘲笑。
4. 重要句型：

【例句】It is no use talking to him. 跟他谈话没用。
状元典例
He is looking forward to _____________________________(there be)a chance。
答案：there being 思路分析：look forward to 后要接doing。
考点四 一些重要用法
1. 下列动词后接不定式作补语，即“ 动词+sb to do”
ask，beg（祈求），cause，encourage，expect， force，get，intend（打算），invite， order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，want，warn，wish，wait for，call on，depend on等。
【例句】
(1) You are not allowed to smoke here.不允许你在此处吸烟。
(2) The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
注意：

【例句】Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.这里禁止吸烟,但你可以吸。
2. 下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语：
sb. be said/ believed / known / reported / considered / found/ thought + to do / to have done (to be done/ to have been done)
【例句】
(1) He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)据说,他出国了。
(2) Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热被看作是一种能量。

考点五 高考易混点
3. 值得……

【例句】The book is worth reading.
=The book is worthy to be read./ of being read.这本书值得一读。
4.

【例句】He could do nothing but / other than wait.
=He had no choice but to wait. 他别无选择，只得等待。
5. 只能做……

【例句】（1）He cannot choose but stay on.他没有别的选择，只好待下去。
(2) I cannot but agree to his terms. 我只得同意他的条件。
二、难点聚焦
独立主格结构
1. 当句中主、从句的主语不一致时，可用独立主格结构。
【例句】If the weather permits, we’ll go out.
= Weather permitting... 天气允许，我们就出去。
2. 主要结构
①名词(代词)+ doing ②名词(代词)+ done
③名词(代词)+不定式 ④名词(代词)+形容词/副词
⑤名词(代词) +介词短语构成 ⑥with/without+名词(代词)+ 宾语补足语
【例句】（1）Weather permitting, we’ll go out. 天气允许，我们就出去。
（2）The test finished(=When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们就开始放假。
（3）Much work to be done, he’s very busy. 有许多工作要做，他很忙。
（4）Book in hand (With a book in his hand), he came in. 他手里拿着本书进来了。