液化气体汽化体积计算教学教材.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,Click to edit Master title style,液化气体汽化体积计算,液化气体与高压气体,高压气体钢瓶特性,指常温下不可压缩液化的气体,钢瓶内压力随使用时间减少,钢瓶压力随温度升高而升高,液化气体钢瓶特性,指常温下可压缩液化的气体或常温下为液体者,钢瓶使用的压力在所有液体气化前保持不变,钢瓶内液体饱和蒸气压力随温度升高而升高,超临界流体,温度上升液体的密度降低,压力上升气体的密度增加,当提高温度及压力超过临界点时,气体与液体密度相同,以致于无法区分为液体或气体的流体此时称为超临界流体,-273.15,0.0024,0.01,99.99,374,Temp(,o,C),1 atm,4.6 torr,218 atm,Solid,Liquid,Gas,超臨界流體,H2O,Solid,Liquid,Gas,73,5,1,31,-57,-78,Temp(,o,C),超臨界流體,Pressure(atm),CO2,单位换算(1)基本量,长度,公制,1 m=10 dm=100 cm=1000 mm,英制,1 inch=2.54 cm,1 ft=12 inch=30.48 cm,体积,1 m,3,=1000 dm,3,(liter),1 dm3(liter)=1000 cm3,1 m,3,=35.31 ft,3,流量,1 m,3,/hr=(1000/60)lpm,时间,1 hr=60 min=3600 sec,重量,1 ton=1000 kg,1 kg=1000 g,1 hr=60 min=3600 sec,压力换算表,Kgf/cm2,MPa,Bar,KPa,mBar,psi,mmH2O,Torr (mmHg),atm,Kgf/cm2,1,0.098067,0.980665,98.0665,980.665,14.2231,10000,735.559,0.96784,MPa,10.1971,1,10,1000,10000,145.036,101971.6,7500.61,9.8692,Bar,1.0197,0.1,1,100,1000,14.5036,10197.16,750.062,0.98692,KPa,0.010197,0.001,0.01,1,10,0.145,101.9716,7.50062,0.009869,mBar,0.00102,0.0001,0.001,0.1,1,0.0145,10.19716,0.750062,0.000987,psi,0.07031,0.006895,0.06895,6.895,68.95,1,703.08,51.7157,0.06805,mmH2O,0.0001,9.8E-06,0.000098,0.009806,0.098,0.001422,1,0.0735559,9.67E-05,Torr (mmHg),0.00136,0.000133,0.001333,0.13332,1.33321,0.019336,13.5951,1,0.001316,atm,1.033228,0.101325,1.013251,101.325,1013.251,14.69574,10332.28,760,1,mbar,bar,torr,Pa(Nm,-2,),atm,lbf in,-2,kgf cm,-2,in Hg,mmHg,in H,2,0,mm H,2,O,1 mbar=,1,1x10,-3,0.75,10,2,9.869 x 10,-4,1.45 x 10,-2,1.02 x 10,-3,2.953 x 10,-2,0.75,0.402,10.197,1 bar=,10,3,1,7.5 x 10,2,1 x 10,5,0.987,14.5,1.02,29.53,7.5 x 10,2,4.015 x 10,2,1.02 x 10,4,1 torr=,1.333,1.333 x 10,-3,1,1.333 x 10,2,1.316 x 10,-1,1.934 x 10,-2,1.36 x 10,-3,3.937 x 10,-2,1,0.535,13.59,1 Pa(Nm-2)=,0.01,1 x 10,-5,7.5 x 10,-3,1,9.87 x 10,-6,1.45 x 10,-4,1.02 x 10,-5,2.953 x 10,-4,7.5 x 10,-3,4.015 x 10,-3,0.102,1 atm=,1.013 x 10,3,1.013,7.6 x 10,2,1.013 x 10,5,1,14.7,1.033,29.92,7.6 x 10,2,4.068 x 10,2,1.033x10,4,1 lbin-2=,68.95,6.895 x 10,-2,51.71,6.895 x 10,3,6.805 x 10,-2,1,7.03 x 10,-2,2.036,51.71,27.68,7.03 x 10,2,1 kgf cm,-2,=,9.807 x 10,2,0.981,7.356 x 10,2,9.807 x 10,4,0.968,14.22,1,28.96,7.356 x 10,2,3.937 x 10,2,10,4,1 in Hg=,33.86,3.386 x 10,-2,25.4,3.386 x 10,3,3.342 x 10,-2,0.491,3.453 x 10,-2,1,25.4,13.6,3.45 x 10,2,1 mm Hg=,1.333,1.333 x 10,-3,1,1.333 x 10,2,1.316 x 10,-3,1.934 x 10,-2,1.36 x 10,-3,3.937 x 10,-2,1,0.535,13.59,1 in H2O=,2.491,2.491 x 10,-3,1.868,2.491 x 10,2,2.458 x 10,-3,3.613 x 10,-2,2.54 x 10,-3,7.356 x 10,-2,1.868,1,25.4,1 mm H2O=,9.807 x 10,-2,9.807 x 10,-5,7.354 x 10,-2,9.807,9.677 x 10,-5,1.42 x 10,-3,10,-4,2.896 x 10,-3,7.354 x 10,-2,3.394 x 10,-2,1,单位换算(2)压力,绝对(Absolute)压力与表(Gauge)压力,1 atm(g)=2 atm(a),常用压力换算,1 atm(a)=1.013 Bar(a)=1.033 kg/cm,2,(a)=14.7 psi(a),1 kg/cm,2,(a)=14.2 psi(a),1 atm(a)=760 Torr(a),1 atm(a)=14.7 psi(a),单位换算(3)温度,摄氏温标,(oC),华氏温标(oF),绝对温标,-,凯氏温度,(Kelvin),绝对,0,度,-273.15 oC,任何物质的温度无法低于绝对,0,度,H2在1atm压力下沸点-252.7 oC=20.3K,He在1atm压力下沸点-268.9 oC =4.2 K,N2 在1atm压力下沸点-196 oC=77.15K,O2 在1atm压力下沸点-183 oC=90.15K,Ar 在1atm压力下沸点-186 oC=87.15K,o,F=9/5,o,C+32,K=,o,C+273.15,标准状态下气体体积换算(1),气体体积随温度及压力改变,因此要比较不同温度下气体的质量必须在同一温度及条件下比较,等压条件下,温度升高体积膨胀,等温条件下,压力升高体积变小,标准状态,0 oC,1,大气压下,常温状态,20 oC,1,大气压下,液化气体膨胀后体积计算(1),一般而言,大部分的液化气体蒸发或汽化后的行为均符合理想气体,因此液化气体汽化后的体积可用理想气体方程式计算其体积,:,PV=n RT,=(w/M)R T,=(d v)RT,/M,P :,压力,;,以,atm,表示,V:,汽化后的体积,m3,n :气体莫耳数,w:,液体重量,;,以,kg,表示,M:莫耳分子量(N,2,=28,O,2,=32;Ar=40,kg/kmol,),R:理想气体常数;0.082(atm.m3/kmol.k),T:绝对温度(oC+273.15),d:液体密度(kg/m3),v:,液体体积,(m3),液化气体膨胀后体积计算(2),试计算,24 kg,的,N2O,特殊气体钢瓶,容器内的,N2O,经汽化后释放到大气中,(35 oC,1 atm),的体积为何,?,利用理想气体方程式计算,:,PV=n RT=(w/M)R T,N2O,分子量,M=44(kg/k mol),因此:,1xV=(24(kg/cyl)x 0.082(atm.m3/kmol.k)x(35+273.15)(k)?44(kg/k mol),V=13.78(m3/cyl),P :,压力,;,以,atm,表示,V:,汽化后的体积,m3,n :气体莫耳数,w:,液体重量,;,以,kg,表示,M:莫耳分子量(N,2,=28,O,2,=32;Ar=40),R:理想气体常数;0.082 atm.m3/(kmol.k),T:绝对温度(oC+273.15),d:液体密度(kg/m3),v:,液体体积,(m3),半导体厂常用特殊气体分子量,气体分子量及比体积,液化气体膨胀后体积计算(3),试计算液氮桶槽内,1 m3,的液态氮经蒸发器后释放到大气中,(35 oC,1 atm),的体积为何,?,利用理想气体方程式计算,:,PV=n RT=(w/M)R T=(,d v,)RT,M,液氮的密度=808 kg/m,3,因此:,1xV=(808 kg/m3 x 1 m3)x 0.082(atm.m3/kmol.k)x(35+273.15 k)?28(kg/kmol),V=729.2 m3,P :,压力,;,以,atm,表示,V:,汽化后的体积,m3,n :气体莫耳数,w:,液体重量,;,以,kg,表示,M:莫耳分子量(N,2,=28,O,2,=32;Ar=40 kg/kmol),R:理想气体常数;0.082(atm.m3/(kmol.k),T:绝对温度(oC+273.15),d:液体密度(kg/m3),v:,液体体积,(m3),同理试计算液氧桶槽内,1 m3,的液态氧经蒸发器后释放到大气中,(35 oC,1 atm),的体积为何,?,PV=n RT=(w/M)R T=(,d v,)RT,M,液氧的密度=1140 kg/m,3,因此:,1xV=(1140 kg/m3 x 1 m3)x 0.082(atm.m3/kmol.k)x(35+273.15 k)?32(kg/kmol),V=900.2 m3,240 m3 LN2 Tank Backup Capacity,试计算,1 m3,的液态氮经蒸发器后释放到大气中,(35 oC,1 atm),的体积为何,?,利用理想气体方程式计算,:,PV=n RT=(w/M)R T=(,d v,)RT,M,液氮的密度=808 kg/m,3,因此:,1xV=(808 kg/m3 x 1 m3)x 0.082(atm.m3/kmol.k)x(35+273.15 k)?28(kg/kmol),V=729.2 m3,Total Available Volume(gas phase N2)for a 240 m3 Tank,=240 m,3,(liq)x 729.2 m,3,/m,3,(liq)x 0.9,=157507 m,3,(gas Phase),For a 8000 m,3,/Hr N2 consumption,Backup Time,=157507(m,3,)/8000(m,3,/hr),=19.7 hr,Tank Supply Time Calculation,高压钢瓶内容气体体积换算(4),日本规格,47L(,水容积,),钢瓶灌充,2000 psig,压力,释放到,35oC,1 atm,外界环境体积为何,?,公式:,步骤,:1,换算所有压力成,atm,步骤,:2,换算所有压力为凯氏温度,=,步骤,:3,依公式计算,V,2,=6443.7(L)=6.443 m,3,(at 35,o,C,),2000 psig=137.1 atm(a),(35+273.15)k,高压混合气钢瓶内容重量换算(5),1%PH3/He,日本规格,47L(,水容积,),钢瓶灌充,150 Barg,压力,内含多少重量的,PH3?,公式:,步骤,:1,换算所有压力成,atm,步骤,:2,换算所有压力为凯氏温度,=,步骤,:3,依公式计算,w=94.2 g,150 Bar(g)=150 Bar(g)x 0.9869 atm/Bar,=148 atm(g),(35+273.15)k=308.15 k,PH,3,分子量=34 g/mol,标准状态下气体体积换算(6),氢气槽车内的气体释放到,35oC,1 atm,环境下为,3000 m3,相当于标准状态下,(0 oC,1 atm),体积为何,?,公式:,1 m3(35 oC,1 atm),氢气台币,22,元,换成标准状态下,(0 oC,1 atm)1 m3,定价为何,?,V2=2659 Nm,3,(3000/2659)x 22=24.82 NTD/Nm,3,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢,