常用口语及习惯用语总结[].doc

常用口语及习惯用语总结be tied up with / have ones hands full of =be busy with 忙于做某事a green handa big headache=having difficulty in doing sth 让人头痛的事情beyond ones ability 没有能力做到 pull ones leg / put sb on 拿某人开玩笑 feel like=be fond of =be ones cup of tea 喜欢做某事 be familiar withbe familiar to feel at home in 熟悉于做某事on the tip of ones tongue=slip ones mind 忘记了 catch / follow me / grab / understand 理解attentioneye-catchingbe fed up with 厌倦cannot bear / cannot stand 忍受不了stand the test of time put up with 忍受feel blue 心情不好ask for the moon 异想天开 make a living 谋生 make the best / most use of 充分利用 cry in ones beer 借酒消愁 cost sb. an arm and leg 代价巨大 at the cost of doesnt hold water 没有道理，讲不通hold onthis room can hold 50 people.be eager to do sth.be dying to 渴望做某事 die dead death I cannot agree more /better 我完全同意。You are the last man I want to see 你是我最不想见的人。 Youve got me 你把我难倒了。You lose the point 你弄错了。there is no point in doing sth. I cannot complain 我感觉好些了。back up 支持 ahead of schedule 提前behind schedule 迟到了bring sb. up to date=help sb. catch up 让某人知道最近的进展 keep pace with 跟齐步前进 rain cats and dogs=rain heavilyleave alone 不管，不理会 give sb. a hand with 帮助某人做某事give sb. a big hand 为某人鼓掌 ahead of time=schedule 提前around the clock 夜以继日 stay up to late 熬夜run out of oil 没有油了 agree with 同意 put up with 忍受 bear stand pick sb. up 用车接某人put sb. up 给某人提供住宿 make it 成功做到 come to come up with an idea 提出想法make sense of = understand 理解出 my treat 我请客 go Dutch 各付各自帐单AAcount on = cry on ones shoulder 依靠某人 shake all over 全身颤抖，害怕flat tyre 车胎漏气 spare tyre 备用胎 sell out 卖光 top best sellers out of print （书等）绝版out of stock 脱销 keep an eyes on 注意某事或某人 keep ones ears open 提高警惕used to do 过去常常做 get used to sth. or doing sth.习惯做常见习惯用语 （二）正误辨析 误 - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me 正 - What can I do for you?- Id like to buy a sweater 析 What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。误 - Which color do you like?- Sorry， I dont like 正 - Which color do you like?- I prefer blue 析 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it误 Do you like to come with us tonight? 正 Would you like to come with us tonight析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shall we go? 我们走吧!Lets go? 让我们走吧!How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?其肯定答语一般为Certainly，Yes，OAll right， With pleasure误 Sorry， Ive kept you waiting. Not at all. 正 Sorry， Ive kept you waiting. Never mind. 析 介意不介意这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here?- Yes， do it pleaseNo， of course notYes， take it pleaseNo， you cant take it这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：Do you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter for me其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 Im sorry误 Whats that man? He is Mike 正 Whats that man? He is a teacher 正 Whos that man? He is Mike(He is Mikes father) 析 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。误 Im sorry， but is this the way to the park? 正 Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 析 Im sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。误 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same 正 - Have a good time tonight!- The same to you 析 The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。误 - Whats the problem?- Ive got a headache 正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache 析 Whats wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 Whats the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。误 - Now， Im back. Can I play?- Perhaps. Youd better do your homework first. 正 - Now， Im back.Can I play?- Im afraid not.Youd better do your homework first. 析 Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 Im afraid not则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：Im afraid that you are right其后直接加宾语从句。- Will you come to my birthday party?- Im afraid not. I have to go to see my father. He is in hospital其后not，表示否定。- Sorry， I dont want to go there alone， Im afraid of the dog其后名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后 of 动名词，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didnt do well in the exam其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。误 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days 正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days 析 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是还有多久才能作完，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。误 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week 正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I dont mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。误 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be Who are you? 正 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking? 析 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问Whos that(speaking)?但不要讲Who are you?如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲This is speaking而不要讲Im也不要讲My name is 就语法而论，Who are you? Im My name is 并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。误 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I dont hope so 正 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not 析 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I dont think so 但I dont believe so 和 I dont hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!误 - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor正 - Your handwriting is very good!- Thank you 析 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。误 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me Ill go first正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me I have to go 析 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 Ill go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。误 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， and Im too busy 正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， but Im too busy 析 Im too busy 与 Id like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。（三）例题解析 1 - Would you like to have some rice?- A. Yes， I like B. Yes， please C. of course D. Yes， I have答案 B.析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如不想接受则用No， thanks2- Nice to see you- A. Good morning B. Happy to meet you， too C. Nice to see you， too D. Pleased to meet you， too答案 C.析 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3 - Would you please give me some water?- A. Yes， I would B. Certainly C. No， thanks D. Yes， please答案 B.析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 为是的，您请做某事吧。这一含意显然不对。4 - Thank you very much for helping me- AYoure welcome BIt doesnt matter CNo need DDont say that答案 A.析 Youre welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesnt matter 则为：没关系。5- Oh， I am not feeling well.Ive got a cold- AFine， How are you? BNever mind Take care CWell， I m sure to get well soonD.Im sorry to hear that 答案 D.析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。6 - Meimei you speak English very well- ANo， I dont think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThats all right答案 B.7 - Could you look after Polly for me while were away?- A. No， thanks B. With pleasure C. Im not afraidD. Im sure you will答案 B.析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。8 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?- AHold on， please BThats the headmaster， please CWho are you ? please DSorry Im not the headmaster答案 A.析 hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。9- Im sorry I dont know the way， either. Youd better ask that policeman for help - A. Good night B. Thats nothing C. Very wellD. Thank you all the same答案 D.析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。10 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I cant do anything.- AIm sorry BDont worry CGood luck DBad luck答案 D.析 如果用A则要用 Im sorry to hear that而不能单用 Im sorry 因Im sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。11- - I have got a coughA. Whats your trouble? B. What have you got? C. Why did you come here?D. Have you got a cough?答案 A.析 Whats your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 Whats wrong with you?12 - Whats the weather like today!- AIts nice for a walk BI like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrow DIts rather cold today答案 D.析 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D13 - How is your mother?- AShe is oldBShe is no better than she was CShe is kind hearted DShe is in her forties答案 B.析 How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是她不比以前强。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。14 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say Ayou are too good BIts very kind of you Cyou are very kind DIll thank you答案 B.15 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner - A. No， you arent B. Thats all right C. Yes， you are D. No， you dont答案 B.析 Thats all right 没关系。16 - Im sorry if I hurt you- A. Im sorry B. Its not true C. It doesnt matter D. Dont say sorry答案 C.17 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - AIm sorry BWhat a pity CIt doesnt matter to me DThats terrible答案 B.析 What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。18 - Mum， I have passed the exam- AThats all right BCongratulations CYou are luck DGood luck to you答案 B.19- I think I have to leave. I hope we can get together again- AAll right BThats all right COK DI hope so， too答案 D.20. Must I wait till he comes back? A. No， you neednt B. No， you mustnt C. No， you may not D. No， you cant答案 A.析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 neednt 表示没有必要做。21- I pay you the house rent right away?- Yes， you have to do itA. Shall B. Way C. Must D. Have答案 C.22- It was cold yesterday- A. So was it B. So it was C. I believe not so D. I believe not答案 B.析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。23- What do you think of the song?- AI like music very much BI like it too CWith pleasure DIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。24 Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I do BThank you CThats fine DEither will do答案 D.析 either will do 为两者哪个都可以。25. He likes travelling by trainA. So do I B. I dos C. I like so D. I like it， neither答案 A.26- How do you like your school?- AI like it very much BIts very beautifulCI doesnt like it DVery well答案 B.析 How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。27What a nice day! AYoure right BNo， isnt it? CYes， isnt it? DReally?答案 C.析 Yes， isnt it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗?28 - Hello， ? - This is Della speakingAWho are you BAre you Tom CWho is that DPlease tell me who are you答案 C.析 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。29 -Whats he like? - AHe likes English BHe is old CHe is like a farmerDHe is tall and this答案 D.析 要区分 Whats he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。30How did you do your job? Not very well， AIm sure BI am afraid CThank you DIm sorry答案 B.析 I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。31- your aunt?-She is a principal of a middle schoolAWhat does BWhere does CWhat is DWhom is答案 C.32- Could you show me the way to Mr. Buowns office?- ANot at all BIm sure CAll right DI can do it答案 C.33- Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon? - AIts very kind of you BYou are so thoughtful CThats a good idea DYes， well go答案 C.10第 10 页 共 10 页