模三3单元宾补导学案.doc

M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage
宾语补足语
一．英语的五种基本句型结构：
① S 十 V 主谓结构 He runs quickly．他跑得快。
② S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
③ S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
④ S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．他把座位让给我。
⑤ S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构
They found her happy that day． 他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out． 我发现他出去了。
They named the boy Charlie． 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out． 我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast． 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
He found the door of study closed to him． 他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
说明：
S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
二．宾语补足语：
1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义， 宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。
2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement
3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
(1). 名词：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。
They elected John chairman of the committee.
(2). 形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
We found the ruins most interesting.
(3). 介词短语
He left his bag in the office.
We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.
(4). 副词
He opened the window to let the fresh air in.
I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.
(5). 现在分词：
I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long.
I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.
(6). 过去分词：
When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
(7). 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式
My mother allowed me to play games for a while.
Can you make your car park over there?
注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时， 五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at） 三使（make, let, have） 两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel） 后接省略to 的不定式
(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。
4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
I think it very important to attend this meeting.
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。
【小结】
1、宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。 宾语+宾语补足语=>复合宾语。
2、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
3、能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。
4、主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语，相应的宾补就成为主补。
常跟宾语补足语的动词：
第一类, 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。
feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at
I saw him cross/crossing the road. => He was seen___________/ ____________ the road.
但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。
第二类, 使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.
If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?
The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.
第三类, 含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.
第四类, v. + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。
这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等
第五类, find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。
We found it very difficult to solve the problem.
How can you keep them waiting for so long?
Keep the door closed.

Exercises:
一．单句改错
1. We all elected Jason the monitor.
2. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
3. ---What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!
--- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.
4. Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
5. He pushed the door opening.
6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
7. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
8. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.
9. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.
10．He was heard sing last night.
二．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. In the end, we found the girl _______________ (lock) in a dark room.
2. Just at that time, I saw an old woman _______________ (cross) the narrow street.
3. Don’t let your son _______________（play）computer games like this any more.
4. I’ve never heard the word _______________ (use) in spoken English.
5. I think you can’t force your son _______________(go) to see her.
三．单项填空
1．Tell him _______ the window.
A. A.to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
2. ----There’s a hole in your bag.
--- I know, I’m going to have it _______.
A. A.mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
3. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made _______ by his little sister.
A. A.cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. They would not allow him _______ across the enemy line.
A. A.to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
5. I found the door _______when I got home.
A. A.opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. A.not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_______.
A. A.going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
8. With a lot of difficult problems_______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. A.settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
9. I advised _______ at once.
A. A.him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _______.
A. A.beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
11. You had better get a doctor _______ your bad tooth.
A. A.pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
12. He managed to make himself _______ with his _______ English.
A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _______.
A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing
14．Don’t you think it ______ to learn this kind of skill at present?
A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. the different
15. My advisor encouraged _______ a summer course to improve my writing skill.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
16. The director had her assistant _______ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
17. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
19. I smell something ________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _______ in his lectures.
A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. to interest