1、一、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a, an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。二、名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处:/s/结尾,es不离后,末尾字母o,大多加s,两人有两菜
2、,es不离口,词尾f、fe,s前有v和e;没有规则词,必须单独记。【妙语诠释】 大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如childchildren,mousemice,deerdeer,sheepsheep,ChineseChinese,oxoxen,manmen,womanwomen,footfe
3、et,toothteeth。三、名词所有格用法【速记口诀】名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】 有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“”;并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“s”;如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。七、形容词和副词比较等级用法【速记口诀】1. 比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。2.同级
4、比较:同级比较用原形,asas永不离;asas加not,只言两者是同一,若是not soas,后强前弱不看齐。【妙语诠释】 比较级通常和than连用,而最高级通常跟有定冠词the;同级比较一般用asas表示“与一样”,这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来,而not soas则表示后者比前者强,翻译为“不如”。十、宾语从句用法【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清,从句永
5、保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点:引导词,陈述句一般由that引导,这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态,主句是现在时态,从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态,从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。语序,宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。1. My son got up late this morning. He only had _ for breakfast.A. two breadB. two slice of breadC. two slices of breadD. two slices of bread
6、s2. _ room is big and bright. They like it very much.A. Tom and SamB. Toms and SamC. Tom and SamsD. Toms and Sams 3. Do you know how many _ a horse has and how many _ a bee has?Of course I know.A. teeth; feet B. tooth; footC. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 4. _ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother.A
7、. The B. A C. An D. /5. Now telephones are very popular and they are much _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheaper6. Hi, Tom. Is your brother as active as you?No, hes a quiet boy. He is _.A. less outgoing than meB. not so calm asC. more active than ID. as outgoing as I7. English _
8、 in many countries, but Chinese _ their own language.A. is spoken; speaksB. speaks; is spokenC. is spoken; speakD. is spoken; is spoken8. The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A. to draw B. to drawingC. drawing D. drew9. So hot in the classroom. Would you mind _ the window?OK, Ill do it right now.A. not closing B. not openingC. closing D. opening10. _ weather! Its raining!Bad luck! We cant go climbing today.A. What bad B. What a badC. How bad D. How a badKeys:1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A