高考英语高频词汇详解,经典版5.doc

Vocabulary P37-38
I. Write out the noun forms of the following words.
Chinese
Verb
Noun

1.损害, 伤害
damage
damage

2.争论, 辩论
debate
debate

3.决心，决定
decide
decision

4.断言, 宣称
declare
declaration

5.衰退，下降
decline
decline

6.装饰; 布置
decorate
decoration

7.减少
decrease
decrease
反义：increase
8.防御,保卫；为…辩护
defend
defense

9.死亡
die
death
dead adj.

II. Words to explain.
1. dark
1) at dark黄昏, 日落时
2) before/after dark 黄昏前/后
3) keep / leave sb. in the dark
* All the lights went out and we were left in the dark. 在黑暗中
* He doesn't tell me his plan, so I was kept/ left in the dark. 蒙在鼓里
4) adj. 黑暗的，深色的
darkness: the state of being dark
The room was in complete darkness.

2. dare
1) 翻译： 他不敢表现出他不高兴。
He dared not show that he was unpleased.
→He didn’t dare to show that he was unpleased.
2) 翻译：你不需要这样大声说话。
You needn’t talk so loud.
→You don’t need to talk so loud.
3) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
He dare not say so, dare he?
We need not do it again, need we ?
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

3. date （Tell the meanings of ‘date’ in the following sentences）
1) n.
* Cassette tape recorders are out of date now.
* All our information is up to date on the computer.
* My wife and I first met on a blind date arranged by her sister.
* Date is a sweet edible ( can be eaten) fruit with a single long woody seed. And dried ones are more popular.枣子
2) v.
* The history of public education in the United States dates from / dates back to the society of the early pioneers.

4. day
* Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her.
* Day by day she learnt more about her job.
* I came across a friend of mine in the Friendship Department Store the other day.
* Some day you will come to realize the importance of saving.
* Every dog has its day. He was a great singer once but now he's had his day.每个人都会走运的

5. deal (dealt / dealt) (Try to understand the usage of deal in the following sentences.)
1) n.
* It took a great deal of time and effort. = a great amount of
* They made a deal to sell the land to a developer. 交易，买卖
* ----Haven't seen you for ages. Let's have a get-together next week.
----It's a deal.一言为定
It's no big deal. Everybody forgets things sometimes. 没什么大不了的
2) v.
翻译：你将怎样处理你面临的经济困难？
How will you deal with the financial problems you are faced with?
→ What will you do with the financial problems you are faced with?
3) dealer
A dealer is someone who buys and sells a particular product, especially an expensive one.
A drug dealer is someone who sells illegal drugs.

6. “die” phrases (dying)
死于
1.Many people die of cancer nowadays.
死于
2. In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.
逐渐远去
The noise of the crowd began to die away as the group started playing.
减弱，消失
3. The excitement died down as time went by.
相继死去
4. Rabbits were dying off in that county.
绝迹
5. Many tribes and tribal customs died out centuries ago.

III. 与词汇相关的词组整理

Meaning
Expressions
1. 损害, 破坏
do/cause damage to sth
有...的危险
在危险中
脱离危险
be in danger of
in danger
out of danger
2. 随着音乐跳舞
dance to the music
3. 拂晓时
从早到晚
at dawn
from dawn till dark
4. 负债
没有债务
还清债务
in debt
out of debt
pay off one’s debt
5. 在最后期限前完成
meet the deadline for
6. 对…充耳不闻
对…视而不见
turn a deaf ear to sb/sth
turn a blind eye to sb/sth
7. 决定做某事
做出决定
decide to do
make a decision
come to a decision
arrive at a decision
reach a decision

IV. 辨析：
1. in danger & dangerous
◇Don’t get close to the animal. It looks ___________.
◇We’d better do an operation on the patient. He’s ___________.
2. declare, announce & claim
◇She announced that the singer would give one extra song.
◇The United States and China has declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.
◇If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?
announce的意思是“通知，宣布（结果，决定等）”；
declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），声明”；
claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”。
Vocabulary Page 39-40
I. Word transformation:
-en作后缀, 表示"变为...", 用作动词
-th作后缀，表示一个名词
Adjective
Adverb
Verb
Noun
deep(adj./adv.)
deeply
deepen
depth
wide(adj./adv.)
widely
widen
width
high(adj./adv.)
highly
heighten
height
strong
/
strengthen
strength
sharp
/
sharpen
/
long
/
lengthen
length
broad
/
broaden
/

Verb
Noun
Adjective
defend
defence/defense
/
define
definition
/
delight
delight
delighted/delightful
deliver
delivery
/
demand
demand
demanding
describe
description
descriptive
destroy
destruction
destructive
determine
determination
determined
develop
development
developing/developed
devote
devotion
devoted

Chinese
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
明确的，一定的
/
definite
definitely
故意的
/
deliberate
deliberately
民主
democracy
democratic
/
细节
detail
detailed
/
消沉，沮丧
depression
depressed
/

II. Words to explain.
1. 辨析：deep & deeply
◇He dived _____ into the water. deep
◇He is ______ interested in the subject. deeply
辨析：high & highly
◇We all think ______ of your achievement. highly
◇He is able to jump very _____. high
Try to make sentences with “wide” & “widely”.
2. 辨析 defeat & win
◇Our men were heavily ______ in the battle. defeated (sb)
◇This is the third medal she's ______ this season. won (sth)

3. in defence of 防卫, 防御…
in+n.+of 结构
Chinese meaning
Phrase
支持,赞成
in favor of
需要
in need of
拥有
in possession of
控制
in control of
为了纪念…
in memory of
为向…表示敬意
in honor of
照管，掌管
in charge of
为了庆祝。。。
in celebration of
鉴于
in view of
以防，万一
in case of
赞成
in favor of
搜寻，寻找
in search of

4. degree 在某种程度上: to some/a certain degree
Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which (B)

5. delight
辨析：delight, delighted, delightful
◇He seems to take great ______ in (= enjoy) teasing his sister. delight
◇Peter's success at college ______ his family. delighted
◇He was ______ at the news that she would come for dinner on Friday. delighted
◇Life in the country is rather ______. delightful
◇To my _____, every one of my friends seemed quite supportive. delight
= What delighted me was that every one of my friends seemed quite supportive.
to one’s + n. 结构
使…高兴的是
to one’s joy
使…惊讶的是
to one’s surprise

to one’s astonishment

to one’s amazement
使…震惊的是
to one’s shock
使…困惑的是
to one’s puzzlement
Task: Try to make more sentences and change the sentences by beginning with “what”.

6. deserve (与want,need, require的用法相同） deserve doing sth = deserve to be done
The man deserves punishment.
=The man deserves _____ _____ ______. to be punished
=The man deserves _____ . punishing

III. Write out the synonymous words or expressions.
Chinese
Vocabulary
Synonyms

推迟；拖延
delay doing
postpone; put off

故意地
deliberately
on purpose; intentionally
unintentionally; by chance; by accident
需求量很大
in great demand
in great need
Experienced teachers are in great demand nowadays.
拒绝做
deny doing
refuse to do

依靠；依赖
depend on
count on; rely on

无法描述
beyond description
beyond expression

尽管prep.
despite
in spite of
I still enjoyed the week despite the bad weather.
投身于
be devoted to
be dedicated to
She has been devoted to the care of homeless people.
极想,极渴望
be desperate for sth
be thirsty/hungry/ /dying for
The team is desperate for a win.

be desperate to do sth
be thirsty/hungry/ dying to do sth
He is desperate to get a job.