山东省胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练(2).doc

胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练（2）及答案或解析
阅读理解
Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.
When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled—they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
1. Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate________.
A. children’s and adults’ eye-sight
B. people’s ability to see accurately
C. children’s and adults’ brains
D. the influence of people’s age
[解析]　考查细节理解能力。第二段第二行可以得出结论。
[答案]　B
2. When asked to find the larger circle，________.
A. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around
B. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around
C. children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around
D. adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around
[解析]　考查细节理解能力。第三段清晰地说明了辨别圆圈的比例。
[答案]　C
3. According to the passage, we can know that________.
A. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background
B. an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size
C. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size
D. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
[解析]　考查细节理解能力，对第四段整体的理解和第五段最后一句可以得出答案。
[答案]　D
4. Visual context may work when children get older than________.
A. 4 B. 6
C. 10 D. 18
[解析]　考查推理判断能力。从第五段和第六段第一句判断得出答案。
[答案]　B
5. Why are younger children not fooled?
A. Because they are smarter than older children and adults.
B. Because older people are influenced by their experience.
C. Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.
D. Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.
[解析]　考查推理判断能力。第四、五、六段提及到46岁小孩和6岁以上小孩的区别是判断的依据。
[答案]　D
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完形填空训练
The school was across the street from our home and I would watch the kids as they 36 during the break. She seemed so small as she, 37 her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. She stood out from them all. ’
I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing 38 . She would practice dribbling（运球）and shooting over and over again, sometimes until dark. One day I asked her 39 she practiced so much. She looked 40 in my eyes and without a moment of 41 she said, ‘‘I want to go to college. The only way I can go is if I get a（an） 42 . I am going to play college basketball. I want to be college. My Daddy told me if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t 43 . ”
Well, I had to give it in to her—she was 44 . One day, I saw her sitting in the grass, head 45 in her arms. I walked toward her and quietly asked what was the matter. ‘‘Oh, nothing, "came a soft reply. ‘‘I am just too 46 . ”The coach told her that at her height she would probably 47 get to play for a top ranked team much 48 offered a scholarship. So she should stop dreaming about college.
She was heartbroken and I 49 her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were 50 .
They just did not understand the 51 of a dream. He told her that if she really wanted to play for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, 52 could stop her except one thing—her own 53 .
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was seen by a college coach. She was indeed 54 a scholarship. She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked 55 it for all those years.
36. A. studied B. relaxed C. played D. enjoyed
37. A. pushed B. cleared C. lost D. gave
38. A. well B. freely C. together D. alone
39. A. how B. why C. where D. whether
40. A. brightly B. bitterly C. directly D. casually
41. A. argument B. glance C. panic D. hesitation
42. A. scholarship B. reputation C. occupation D. graduation
43. A. disappear B. occur C. exist D. count
44. A. admired B. determined C. ashamed D. ignored
45. A. showed B. nodded C. turned D. buried
46. A. unique B. flexible C. short D. nervous
47. A. never B. always C. ever D. still
48. A. more B. less C. too D. as
49. A. removed B. sensed C. reduced D. imagined
50. A. wrong B. strict C. cautious D. important
51. A. nature B. complex C. power D. result
52. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
53. A. skill B. attitude C. champion D. award
54. A. offered B. required C. promoted D. gained
55. A. out B. with C. toward D. at
参考答案
36.C 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.C
41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.D
46.C 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.A
51.C 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C
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The Cave Crawler mining robot
Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It’s an increasingly urgent question,given the recent high-profile(引人注目的)mining accidents in Sago, W. Va., and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work..
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie-Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The biggest obstacle, though, is cost. The original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and it’s not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but don’t eliminate the need for human workers.
5.The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog mainly because .
A. it can map abandoned mines
B. the robot has a real sense of logic
C. it can see in the dark tunnel
D. it’s a bit smaller than Groundhog
6.We can infer from the last paragraph that .
A. the mine robots will have a very bright future
B. robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry
C. there will be no need for human workers in mines
D. robots in mines have a long way to go
7. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. High-profile mining accidents in America.
B. The development of robot.
C. Could robots replace humans in mines?
D. Cave Crawler, the latest robot.

参考答案 5---7. BAC

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·话题探究
根据近几年的试题，我们发现这些话题的题目有一些特点：
1. 人物传记类。以介绍主要人物生平或逸事为主，它主要向读者介绍文学家、艺术家和著名体育运动员等在各行各业所取得重大成就或有重要影响的杰出人物，并特别介绍这些杰出人物如何克服困难从而走向成功。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
2. 介绍艺术的种类和起源，以及对人的积极影响。
3. 体育的重要性，以及如何锻炼身体等话题。
4.对于文学作品的描述，以故事性为主，结尾往往又有总结性文字给人以启迪。
链接高考
链接1 . （2012全国卷）
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.
45. What should you consider first while sailing?
A. Sailors’ strength. B. Wave levels.
C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.
46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle.
47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?
A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow the sail to flap.
C. Lower the sail. D. Tack the boat.
48. Where can you probably find the text?
A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook.
C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.

【考点】文娱与体育—记叙文
【文章大意】文章介绍了如何进行帆船运动，以及应该注意的事项。
45.【答案】C
【试题解析】First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat.由这句知道 *****************************************************************结束

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