2022高考二轮英语--第一节-练就6项微技能-全取句内和句组层次题.docx

第二讲 从微观把握一一破解3大层次题层级一送分题目分分得根据题目信息源的范围，完形填空的题目一般可以分为: 句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。句内层次题和句 组层次题相对比较容易。对于这两类题目，要认真分析, 确保一分不丢。第一节练就6项微技能全取句内和句组层次题句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信 息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其 解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需“瞻前顾后”，“综合意群 信息”解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。微技能一词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同（近）义 词（如decide与determine）同源词（如ill与illness）、上下义词（如rose是flower 的下义词，flower是rose的上义词）、反义词（如wrong与right）等方式在同一语篇 中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。我们可以借助这一衔 接手段解答完形填空题。词语同现是指某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出 现的倾向性，也有人将相关联的一群词称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对 关系，或者同类互补关系等。如 ill, hospital, doctor, nurse, operation, medicine, patient等一群相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。原词复现【典例1】（2021-八省市联考）So I sat for the haircut.The uncle asked me how 42.long I wanted it.I answered, Just do as my dad had 43.instructed you the last time.”He smiled.Before starting the 44 , he added, “What if I keep it long?44. A.discussionB. journeyC. trainingD. haircut业证书而是一卷厕纸，这是令人捧腹的事情，故A项正确。 A.destroyB. violateC. undergoD. shape答案D 考查语境推断。根据上文描述的学生捉弄校长以及下句中的-took this opportunity.allowed to graduate,可知，校长被学生捉弄后抓住了这次机会捉弄那 些男孩，但是校长仍然允许他们毕业；结合下文中的“ Sometimes we get lucky.sometimes we dont”可以推知，我们所做的选择塑造了我们的生活，D项 意为“塑造，故D项正确。A.kindnessB. humorC. happinessD. accomplishment答案B 考查语境推断。根据前文叙述可知，校长给捉弄他的男孩发了一卷厕 纸而不是毕业证书，令其他人突然大笑起来。据此可以推知，校长很有幽默感。 故B项正确。11. A.AnyhowB. FurthermoreC. StillD. Therefore答案C 考查逻辑推断。根据空前一句可知，有时候我们做错事是很幸运的； 根据空后的“sometimes wedoiVt可知，有时我们并不幸运。据此可知，空处前 后为转折关系，still意为“但，不过，故C项正确。A.became ofB. brought aboutC. got acrossD. brought out答案A 考查语境推断。根据语境可知，作者常常想知道那些没能毕业的人后 来怎么样了, what becomes of sb/sth 固定表达，意为（遭遇）如何，（结果）怎么 样”，故A项正确。A.bravestB. hardestC. meanestD. surest答案 D 考查语境推断。根据该句中的stay out of trouble is to avoid it in the first place”可知，远离麻烦最可靠的方法是首先避免它的发生，故D项正确。B（2021-湖南省名校大联考）Melbourne Girls College is getting rid of all dustbins and asking students to take their rubbish home to encourage them to move towards zero waste.Starting next Monday, the college will gradually all the rubbish bins in five weeks in classrooms andthe yard,21, 400 students and 140 staff to find their own home for chip packetsand juice boxes.Volunteer students will 3 daily noncompulsory food inspections in which students bringing zero waste” lunch boxes will be 4 . Students using only 5 packaging will receive a token to win prizes such as cups.The rubbish that students take home may st川 go to landfill （废物填埋场）via their home bins, 6 the new policy will help persuade 7 to buy fewer packaged items and reuse containers.Most issues around carrying rubbish home, such as smell and mess, can be solved. 8 tuna （金枪鱼）in a tin, for example, can 9 the schoofs compost（堆月巴）bin and the tin can be 10 before ifs taken home.The college principal Karen Money acknowledges that some parents may not have the time or means to avoid 11 in single use packaging, but its 12 to get as many people as we can to avoid it. We talk a lot, 13 educators, about the bad problems the world 14 , and if we dont start putting some actions 15 that beautiful idea, then its just empty.”【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。墨尔本女子学院正在移除所有垃圾箱，并要求学生把垃圾带回家，从而鼓励她们朝着零垃圾方向前进。1. A.replaceB. washC. cleanD. remove答案 D 考查同义复现。根据上文中的“Melbourne Girls, College is getting rid of all dustbins可推知，此处表示下周一开始，该学院将在五个星期内逐步移走 教室和院子里的所有垃圾桶。A.provingB. leavingC. promisingD. allowing答案 B 考查语境推断。根据该句中的to find their own home for chip packets and juice boxes”可推知，此处表示移走教室和院子里的所有垃圾桶导致的结果。 leave sb to do sth u把某事留交某人决定或负责为固定用法，符合语境。A.receiveB. forbidC. admitD. conduct答案D 考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示志愿者学生将每天进行非强 制性的食品检查。conduct 实施，执行”。A. re wardedB. advisedC. changedD. protected答案A 考查语境推断。根据上文可知，该学院鼓励学生朝着零垃圾方向前进， 又结合语境和选项可推知，此处表示携带“零垃圾”午餐盒的学生将会得到奖励。 reward 奖励。2. A.creativeB. usualC. reusableD. plastic答案 C 考查语境推断。根据该句中的will receive a token to win prizes such as cups”和选项可推知，只用可重复使用的(reusable)包装的学生会得到礼券。A.soB. butC. andD. though答案 B 考查逻辑推断。根据空前的Fill”和空后的“will help persuade”并结合 语境可推知，前后表示逻辑上的转折关系，即被学生带回家的垃圾可能仍会通过 家里的垃圾桶被带到废物填埋场，但是这项新举措将有助于劝说家庭少购买包装 好的物品并重复使用容器。A.teachersB.staffC. familiesD.classmates答案C 考查语境推断。参见上题解析。A.UneatenB.UncookedC. UncoveredD.Unbroken答案 A 考查语境推断。根据空后的“the schools compost (堆肥)bin”可推知， 罐里未吃的金枪鱼可以放入学校的堆肥箱中。13. A.break downB. break throughC. get throughD. go into答案D 参见上题解析。A.returnedB. washedC. reusedD. spared答案 B 考查语境推断。结合上文中的“Most issues around.can be solvedn可推 知，此处表示把罐里未吃的金枪鱼放入学校的堆肥箱中之后，可以把罐洗洗再带 回家。 A.foodB. clothesC. drinksD. tools答案A 考查语境推断。本文主要讲的是该学院的零垃圾新举措，再结合上文 中“零垃圾午餐盒和可重复使用的包装的相关内容及罐里未吃的金枪鱼的例子 可推知，此处表示一些父母可能没有时间或途径去避免一次性包装的食品。A.keepingB. dreamingC. stoppingD. trying答案D 考查语境推断。根据语境可推知，学院此举正试图让尽可能多的人避 免一次性包装的食品。4. A.forB. toC. asD. with答案 C 考查语境推断。根据上文中的“The college principal Karen Money”和语 境可推知，此处表示“作为教育工作者。as “作为。A.solvesB. showsC. facesD. follows答案C 考查语境推断。作为教育工作者，我们谈论了很多世界面临的糟糕问 题。A.ahead ofB. behindC. uponD. beyond答案B 考查语境推断。如果我们不开始在这个美好的想法之后有所作为，那 它就亳无意义。分析】本题可以利用原词复现解题。由上文的“So I sat for the haircut.”并结合语境可知，这里是指在理发之前，理发师对作者的询问。故选D。B同（近）义词复现【典例2】（2021-天津3月卷）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.16. A.amazedB. madC. curiousD. frightened【分析】 本题可以利用同义词复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustration可知，此处和“anger” frustration,是同义词，由此可知正确选项。 故选B。Q同源词复现【典例3】（2021-全国乙卷）Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.! was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago.And it came lo me then how much easier it would be if wc had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude （感谢）.She was 49.grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. 41. A.cleanerB. chemistC. nurseD. doctor【分析】 本题可以利用同源词复现解题。从第三段首句推断，“我是刚工作 不久的一名护士。故选c。nursing与nurse是同源词。上下义词复现 【典例4】（2021-全国甲卷）Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident lo youlhful indiscretion （莽撞）.“ I have 55 and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions, he said in the letter.55. A.recoveredB. retiredD. maturedC. escaped【分析】 本题可以利用上下义词复现解题。根据上文Older and wiser now”可知,现在的Burchill变得更加成熟了。mature “成熟符合语境 older and wiser上义词是mature （成熟）。故选D。s词语同现【典例5】（2021-浙江1月卷）But on the last night we were 5O.caught in a thunderstorm.! woke up at midnight tofind a swimming pool in my tcnt.Thc temperature was close to 511 had to spendthe rest of the night trembling in the only 52.dry part of my tent.51. A.boilingB. averageD. freezing【分析】本题可以利用词语同现解题。温度接近零度，后半夜作者冻得瑟瑟发C. normal抖。与 thunderstorm,temperature,trembling 同现的应当是“冰点，极冷(freezing)v ,而不是boiling沸点；average平均；normal正常。故选旦。K3反义词复现【典例6】（2021-新高考卷I ）Our 48.roles in the factory were simple： Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was50than it sou nds. 51 .Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents atdinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id 52.expected.50. A.harderB. betterC. longerD. cheaper【分析】 本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our 48.roles in the factory were simple”,根据下文中的the cakes pile up a little more high-pressure 可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单,harder与simple 构成反义复现。故选A。微技能二利用固定搭配解题高考英语完形填空会考查一些习惯搭配、地道习惯用语及固定句型等。因此在备考过程中要有意识地加强对固定搭配、句型及习惯用语的积累和掌握。【典例7】（2021-全国乙卷）She was 49.grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for hcr.On her day of discharge, wc shared in her 5O.dclight at her recovcry.As she was 51 .leaving she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team.52. A.sorryB. helloC. goodbyeD. yes【分析】 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。根据语境可知，在她的出院日，当她要 离开时，她渴望跟我们护理团队的每个人告别（goodbye）osay goodbye to “告别， 为固定搭配。故选C。微技能三根据句、段间内在的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、转 折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系等。因果关系【典例8】（2021-全国甲卷）They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni （辣香肠）from back east.So he44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.44. A.filledB. lockedC. abandonedD. lost【分析】本题为典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用因果关系解题。根据上文内容可知，Burchill要去见朋友，朋友要求他带一些辣香肠过来。由此 可推知，此处应表示他装了满满一箱的辣香肠。fill 使充满，装满”符合语境。 故选AoB转折关系【典例9】（2020-全国卷III）I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .47. A.fightingB. smilingC. waitingD. changing【分析】本题可以利用转折关系解题。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。由此可知，前后语义为转折关系。故选B。H对比关系【典例10】（2020-全国卷I ）.and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56.stare at it and wonder, “What if it isnt a door?55. A.by comparison withB. in addition toC. regardless ofD. instead of【分析】 本题可以利用对比关系解题。句意：他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而 是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样。前后表示一种对比关 系。故选D。递进关系【典例11】（2020-新高考卷I ）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven awaya number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.25. A.BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise【分析】本题可利用递进关系解题。空前提到鸟的数量减少了，空后提到蛇的 数量也减少了，as well是解题的关键。故此处用“此外”来连接。故选A。B让步关系【典例12】（全国卷1 ）And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44.instructor was appealing enough to me.43. A.excitedB. worriedD. tiredD. tiredD. tiredC. moved【分析】 由空前even if可知，本题可利用让步关系解题，结合句意可确定答案微技能四微技能四为Ao利用语境暗示解题在完形填空的短文中常常设置前后互相暗示的考题。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面, 也就是说前面的某些填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无 法得出正确答案，但只要我们继续往后看，就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗 示。所以，在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索，以提高做题的正确率。【典例13】（2021-八省市联考）The moment I said it the assistant 47.shouted from behind. How dare do you say that!Who are you to take us down, eh? ”I admit I was too 48 at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an 49 look.From that day on, I 5Q.completely stopped joking about anyones profession and works.48. A.angryB. proudC. scaredD. curious49. A.anxiousB. appealingC. encouragingD. awkward【分析】48、49题可利用语境暗示解题。48. 根据上文和下一段中的.stopped joking about anyones profession and works. 可知，作者当时感到害怕(scared),所以后来才再也不针对任何人的职业和工作 场所开玩笑了。故选C。49. 作者和理发师的一句玩笑话让理发师助理很生气，作者被理发师助理大声呵 斥，旁边的叔叔给作者一个尴尬(awkward)的表情。故选D。利用作者态度和情感色彩解题在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作 者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词【典例14】（2021-全国乙卷）Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.! was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude （感谢）.汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索， 案。可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.49. A.gratefulB. thoughtfulC. sorrowfulD. fearful【分析】本题可利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。依据第一段最后一句中的Ugratitude（感谢）”和下文中她的行为可推知，她感激医护人员为她做的一切。故微技能六利用生活常识和文化背景解题高考完形填空提供了相对完整的语篇信息，但其间渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和常识。考生在做题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来进行分析判断,以节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。【典例15】（2021-全国乙卷）And there you have it.To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair isan 6O.extra and should be rewarded.59. A.riskingB. changingC. savingD. building【分析】本题可利用生活常识解题。对许多人来说，挽救（saving）生命是医护人 员工作的一部分，但是做头发是额外的（extra）事，应当得到酬谢。risk 冒险；change 改变；build “培养，发展”。故选C。对点练即学即练巩固练透练全练通（2021 扬州市高三适应性考试）After that weekend my high school classmates and I would go our Iways.Manyplanned on attending colleges far away, as I did.Others had jobs lined up and a fewwere thinking about _2Directly in front of me was a friend, who 3 and smiled, showing a little selfsatisfaction.He and a couple of friends had decided to play one 4 trick beforegraduation.The night before, theyd over to the principals home and used rollsof toilet paper to decorate his house and yard.The principal onstage had given no 6 that anything was wrong.Hearing my name,I took a deep breath, 7 climbed the steps, crossed the stage and stopped in front ofthe principal.He handed me my8 case.I couldnt wait to open it and find my name,9 that I had graduated.My friend opened his case and all of us burst into10 . What we saw was a single roll of toilet paper inside.The choices we make 11 our lives.Our high school principal had a great sense of 12 and took this opportunity to play a trick back on the boys, but they were allowed to graduate.Sometimes we get lucky when we do something wrong. 13 , sometimes we dont.I often wonder what 14 those who didnt make it to graduation.The 15 way to stay out of trouble is to avoid it in the first place.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。高中毕业前，有几个同学晚上溜进校长家，用多 卷厕纸“装点”校长的院子和房子，以捉弄校长。毕业典礼上，校长不动声色， 给他们颁发了卫生纸，然后让他们毕业 A.wideB. separateC. similarD. contradictory答案B 考查语境推断。根据空后两句可知，许多人都像作者一样，打算去很 远的地方上大学，另一些人工作已经安排好了，少数人在考虑结婚。由此可知， 他们走上了不同的道路，故B项正确。D项意为“相互矛盾的。1. A.educationB.successC. marriageD.separation答案C 考查语境推断。参见上题解析。A.sighedB.cursedC. trembledD.yawned答案D 考查逻辑推断。根据下文叙述的这个朋友和另外几个朋友晚上一起用 多卷厕纸“装点校长的院子和房子可知，他应该没休息好,D项意为“打哈欠， 符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“叹气，B项意为“诅咒，C项意为“颤 抖”，都与语境不符。A.usualB. importantC. lastD. very答案C 考查语境推断。根据该句中的before graduation可知，他和他的一帮 朋友决定在毕业前开最后一次玩笑，故C项正确。A.slippedB. swungC. skippedD. swapped答案 A 考查语境推断。在前一天晚上，他们溜进校长的家，用多卷厕纸“装 点校长的房子和院子slip意为“悄悄疾行，溜”，故A项正确。B项意为“摆 动，摇摆，C项意为“蹦蹦跳跳地走，D项意为“交换，都与语境不符。2. A.meaningB. frameworkC. fantasyD. indication答案D 考查语境推断。根据语境可知，在台上，校长没有显示出有任何问题 的迹象，D项意为“迹象，标示，故D项正确。B项意为“框架，结构；C 项意为“幻想o 1A.nervouslyB. casuallyC. shamefullyD. elegantly答案 A 考查语境推断。根据该句中的“I took a deep breath”可以推断，作者深 吸一口气，紧张地登上台阶，故A项正确。A.paperB. diplomaC. toolD. glass答案B 考查常识推断。根据下文中的I had graduated和语境可知，此处描述 的是毕业典礼，结合常识可知，毕业典礼上校长要颁发毕业证书，B项意为“毕 业文凭”，故B项正确。A.assumingB. informingC. confirmingD. approving答案 C 考查语境推断。根据该句中的I couldnt wait to open it that I had graduated”可知，作者急于确认自己已经毕业，C项意为“确认”，故C项正确。3. A.laughterB. tearsC. angerD. song答案A 考查语境推断。根据空后一句可知，校长给作者的朋友颁发的不是毕