九年级知识点1.doc

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Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?
1. I study by making flashcards.. by + doing 通过……方式　
2. The students often talk about movies after class. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论　
3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation.
提建议的句子：
What/ how about +doing sth.?  Why don’t you + do sth.?
   Why not + do sth. ?           Let’s + do sth.         
   Shall we/ I + do sth.?     You’d better + do
4.I’ve learned a lot that way a lot 许多  常用于句末
5. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
    三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
   ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。
6. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.
frustrating （形）令人沮丧的 frustrated (形) 感到沮丧的
7.We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.    
be / get excited about sth/ doing sth.  = be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋
. ① end up doing sth    终止做某事，结束做某事 
  ② end up with sth.    以…结束
8. I make mistakes in grammar. make mistakes = make a mistake犯错
9. Because I thought my classmates might laugh at me.
laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）
10. So I decided to take lots of grammar notes in every class. .
decide to do sth. 决定做某 take notes 做笔记，做记录
11. Now I am enjoying learning English and I got an A this term.
enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做… enjoy oneself  过得愉快
12. I think doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. practice doing sth 练习做某事  
one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式…其中之一
She had trouble making complete sentences.
have trouble/difficulty doing sth 做… 有困难
13. If you don’t know how to spell new words, look them up in a dictionary.
how to do sth=what to do. 怎样做… 疑问词+to do
look sth up 查阅
14. Xu Zheng learns English by making up conversations. make up 组成、构成
15. And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy.
unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 deal with 处理
16. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school.
worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
动词作主语用ing形式其谓语动词用三单形式
17. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. go by (时间) 过去 流逝
18. Perhaps we have seen young children playing together.. 
See(watch /hear /find ) sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see (watch /hear /find )sb. / sth. do    看见某人在做某事 如：
19. Sometimes they have disagreements and decide not to talk to each other.
each other 彼此
20. By regarding problems as challenges regard… as … 把…看作为…
21. We must learn how to change these “problems” into “challenges”.
change…　into…　将…变为…　
22. It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. It is one’s duty to do sth. 做… 是某人的职责/责任
try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做…
with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下

Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.
1. I used to be afraid of the dark.
1）.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 used to be 过去曾是
注意：be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 there used to be 过去曾有
2）be afraid of sth/ doing sth 害怕某物/害怕做某事
2. I play soccer and I’m on the swim team. on the swim team 在游泳队
3. I’m terrified of the dark. be terrified of = be afraid of 害怕
4. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.
go to sleep 去睡觉 with my bedroom light on 开着卧室的灯
5. We study all the time. all the time 一直
6. But these days I get up early and stay in school all day. all day 整天
7. In the evening , I used to watch EV or chat with my grandmother.
chat with sb 和某人聊天
8. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
in the last/past few years 在过去的几年里 常和现在完成时用
9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.
It seems that +句子 似乎--- seem+形容词 似乎怎样
seem+ to do sth 似乎/好像做某事
10. His mother couldn’t afford to pay for her child’s education.
can afford sth/ can afford to do sth 负担得起某物/负担得起做某事
11. In the end, she made a difficult decision.
in the end=at last=finally 最后 make a decision 作决定
12. But to his surprise, this phone call changed his life.
to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
13. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us , he was watching me and would always take pride in everything good I do.
even though+句子 即使 no longer 不再
take pride in=be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲
14. I realize that since my father died, I have been afraid of being alone, and have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me.
die 动词 其名词是 death 死 形容词是dead 死的
pay attention to sth/ doing sth对…… 注意，留心
15. His mother was very patient and didn’t give up trying to help him.
be patient with /to sb 对某人耐心
give up doing sth 放弃做某是 give sth up 放弃某物
16. Now I’m tall. So are you?
So+be动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语 某人也一样
17. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.
waste one’s time 浪费某人的时间

Unit 3 Teenagers should de allowed to choose their own clothes.
1. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. P18
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）
2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced .
① Sixteen-year-olds 是一个由“数词+名词＋形容词”构成的复合词，相当一个名词，意思是“16岁的孩子”；另外“数词+名词＋形容词”也可以当作形容词，其中的名词用单数形式，如：a twelve-year-old boy 一个12岁的男孩
②get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
get / have sth. done (过去分词) 让 / 使（别人）做某事　；其中过去分词所表示的动作往往是别人做的，与句子中的主语无关。
3. They aren’t serious enough .
enough adj / 足够的 / 足够地
形容词＋enough  如：beautiful enough　足够漂亮
  enough＋名词　如：enough food 足够食物
  enough to do 　足够…去做…　如：
4. He should stop wearing that silly earring . p19
stop doing sth. 停止做某事　Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事　Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
5. He doesn’t seem to have many friends . p19
sb. seem to do sth.  = it seems that +从句“ 看起来好像”
  如：He seems to feel very sad.=　It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
6. They talk instead of doing homework . p19
instead of 是一个介词词组，意思是“代替，而不是。。。”后面常接名词一、代词、介词词组或动词ing 形式。而instead　是一个副词，意思是“代替”，后面不能跟其它的词，常放在句末。
7. We have a lot of rules at my house . So do we . p20
so＋助动词 (be / do / will / have) / 情态动词＋主语　意为“…也是一样”表示后者所说的情况与前者一致。如：She is a student. So am I.　她是一个学生，我也是。
 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
  She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
  She will go to school. So will he.　她将去学校，他也是。
比较：so＋主语＋助动词 (be / do / will / have) / 情态动词　意为“的确如此”，表示赞同前者已经陈述过的观点或情况，以避免重复。如：-Mr. Zhou is a good teacher .周老师是一位好老师。 – So he is .的确如此。　She came to school by bike this morning . 今天早上她骑自行车来学校。　--　So she did . 正是如此。　
8. …but I’m not allowed to get my ears pierced yet . p20
Yet “ 仍然，还”　常用在否定句或疑问句当中
9. is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm . p20
stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10. has to clean up his or her room every morning . p20 clean up 打扫　整理　
11. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test  考试失败 p21
12. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers .　p21
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格　  be strict to sth. 对某事要求严格
13.The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. P22
the other day 前几天 talked about 谈论
14. Our teachers believe that if we did that ,we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies . p22
concentrate （sth.）on sth. “（将……）集中于……”
15.We disagree . 　
agree 同意　反义词 disagree不同意（ 动词 ）agree / disagree with sb. / sth. 赞同/ 反对某人的观点；agreement 同意　反义词 disagreement 不同意　（名词）
16. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for studying .
be good for sth. / doing sth . 对…有好处　
be good at sth. / doing sth. 擅长于… be good to sb . 对某人好
17.That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy . p22
both…and…　两者都…(谓语动词用复数形式)
keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词　使某 / 某物保持….　如：
We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
18. …but we learn a lot from each other . p22
learn (sth.) from sb.  向某人学习　…
19.Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital . p22
have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 / have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.  / I have a chance of going to Beijing.
20. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often . p23
花费 take , cost, spend , pay 用法归纳：
    sth. take (sb.) time to do sth.  It took (me) 10days to read the book.
    sth. cost (sb.) ……        The book cost (me) 100yuan.
    sb. spend … on sth.        She spent 10days on this book.
    sb. spend …doing sth.      She spent 10days reading this book.
    sb. pay … for sth.          She paid 10yuan for this book.
21. Some students should be allowed to have Friday afternoons off to volunteer and help others. have +时间段+off    放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
22. I would like to reply to the article….p23
reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to Mr. Green.
23. But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork,… p24
get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：Her social life got in the way of her studies.
24. be serious about doing sth. / sth. 对… 热衷，对…兴趣
如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
25. I know my parents care about me . p24 care about sb. 关心,　在意某人

Unit4 what would you do ?
本单元语法：if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即 虚拟语气
       通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
       If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件
句要用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：
句    型
条件从句
主   句
谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be动词用were)
would+动词原形
  即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were),     一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形         过去将来时
 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.
如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
     If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
知识点：
1. He’s late for the party . p27 be late for…  迟到
2. If I were you, I’d be a little late . p27
此处“a little”作副词，修饰后面的形容词late .
a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别
   ⑴ a few 一些    修饰可数名词        
      a little 一些   修饰不可数名词      两者表肯定意义
       如：He has a few friends.  他有一些朋友。  
      There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
  ⑵ few  少数的  修饰可数名词        
      little 少数的　修饰不可数名词  但两者表否定意义
      如：He has few friends.  他没有几个朋友。 
        There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
3．He doesn’t know what to wear . p27
what to wear 疑问词+不定式作宾语作宾语的结构
4. What if I don’t know anyone ?
What if + 从句   如果…怎么办， 要是… 又怎么样? (用于提建议)
如：What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？
What if Li Lei knows?  如果李雷知道了怎么办？
5. Then I’m too tired to do well .
too +adj / adv . + to do sth. 太…而不能… 如：
   I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
6. The food you eat could help with this problem .
help with sth. 帮助解决…如：They help with this problem.
 help sb. do sth / with sth . 帮助某人做某事　如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
7. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。P29
   energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。
8. What would you do if the teacher asked you to give a speech in front of the whole school ?
ask sb. to do 叫某人做某事 / ask sb. not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉某人做某事  / tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
如:Teacher asked me to clean the classroom ./ Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
9. I would start borrowing his clothes without permission . p29
start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
10. I’d wait for him / her to introduce himself/ herself to me .
wait for sb. 等候某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。
wait for sth. to do sth. 等候某人做某事
introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
11. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest .
bother sb. 打扰某人　　in the slightest　相当于at all 　“一点也，根本”
12. You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the company of other people .
plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多  如：
   They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。
13.Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with . p30
get along / on with sb. 与…相处 如： Do you get along well with your friends?
14.You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party . p30
would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事
如： I would rather walk than run.
15. She doesn’t want to let here friends down . p31
let sb. down 让某人失望 如： Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
16. but she’s terrified of speaking in front of other people .
be terrified of doing sth. =be afraid of doing 害怕做某事
17. but you always come up with good solutions to people’ problems .
come up with sth.: think of 提出 , 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。   catch up with sb.  追上 , 赶上 如： Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
18. Martin Robinson is a famous doctor who has a lot of experience dealing with teenagers.
have experience doing 在做某事有经验　如：
She has experience teaching English
19. His new book , What Would You Do If…?came out last month .
come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week.
20.What would you do if you cut yourself by accident ?
by accident 偶然地，无意之中
21. If my grandmother fell downstairs and wasn’t moving, I’d hurry to call the hospital first . hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事        
22. A friend offers you cigarettes at a party .
offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物

Unit 5 It must belong to Carla .
1. 情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can’t表示推测含义，后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断，但它们的含义有所不同。
    must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
    may, might, could有可能，也许   (20%－80%的可能性)
　 can’t 不可能，不会     (可能性几乎为零)
　 The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
   The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music.
   The hair band can’t be Bob’s. After all, he is boy!
2. belong to 属于（后加名词或代词宾格，不用于进行时态和被动语态）如：
　 That English book belongs to me.
3. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词　如：
　　play the guitar  play the piano  play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词　如：
play football  play basketball  play baseball
4. too much 与much too
too much+不可数名词, much too+形容词或副词，如：
I can’t go to the movies because I have too much homework to do.
The street is too busy and you can’t drive much too fast.
5. if you have some/any idea== if you know 如果你知道
have some/any idea of sth (或从句) 知道 have no idea of sth (或从句) 不知道
6. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
　 If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到。
If you study hard, you’ll make progress. 如果你努力学习，你会取得进步。
7. try to do sth. 努力做某事　
如：I try to answer the teacher’s questions. 我努力回答老师的问题。
try doing sth. 如：I tried knocking LinMei’s door on my way home.
在回家路上我尝试敲林梅家的门。
try one’s best to do sth. 如：Tim tries his best to learn Chinese well.
Tim尽最大努力学好中文。
8. It’s crucial to do. 或It’s crucial+ that从句. ……很关键.
It 作形式主语，动词不定式或that从句作真正的主语。
9. make up 30% of… 占……的30%
10. beca