这些所谓English-其实是Chinglish在各个英语.doc

这些所谓English 其实是Chinglish在各个英语(精品课)学习论坛上，经常可以看到有关Chinglish（中式英语）的文章，但一般都是中国人写的。不过我看到过一篇长文，也是有关Chinglish的，但却是美国人写的，很有意思。这篇长文的标题是Chinglish 2English（从中式英语到标准英语），作者是浙江大学的美国外教Chuck Allanson，内容则是Chuck在中国五年任教期间所听到、所看到的各种Chinglish说法。
比如Chuck第一次来中国，下飞机后，负责接待他的东北某大学英语系陈老师说：
您刚到，我们吃点饭吧。我们要点Chinese dumpling（饺子）和Chinese beancurd（豆腐），您看可以吗？
Chuck以前从未听说过这两种东西，但出于好奇，就说可以，结果饭菜端上来一看，原来就是ravioli（饺子，来自意大利语）和tofu（豆腐，来自日语）。Chuck当时心里暗想，这两种东西，国际上早已经有通用的说法（ravioli和tofu），他们中国人为什么还要用那种生僻的说法呢？
以后Chuck跟陈先生混熟了，就问他，当初你为什么不说ravioli和tofu呢？陈先生听了大吃一惊，连忙解释说，我真的不知道这两个词，而且我们的《英汉词典》上也没有这两个词。 于是Chuck开始意识到，中国的英语教师、英语课本、甚至英语词典肯定存在问题，否则不可能发生这种事情。
于是在中国五年的任教期间，Chuck收集了大量的Chinglish说法，从中挑选出一组最常见的，编写了上面提到的那篇长文。
下面就是这些Chinglish说法：
（其中每行 ① 第一部分是汉语说法，②第二部分是Chinglish说法，③第三部分则是英语的标准说法）
①欢迎你到... ② welcome you to ... ③ welcome to ...
①永远记住你 ② remember you forever ③ always remember you（没有人能活到forever）
①祝你有个... ② wish you have a ... ③ I wish you a ...
①给你 ② give you ③ here you are
①很喜欢... ② very like ... ③ like ... very much
①黄头发 ② yellow hair ③ blond/blonde（西方人没有yellow hair的说法）
①厕所 ② WC ③ men's room/women's room/restroom
①真遗憾 ② it's a pity ③ that's too bad/it's a shame（it's a pity说法太老）
①裤子 ② trousers ③ pants/slacks/jeans
①修理 ② mend ③ fix/repair
①入口 ② way in ③ entrance
①出口 ② way out ③ exit（wayout在口语中是crazy的意思）
①勤奋 ② diligent ③hardworking/studious/conscientious
①应该 ② should ③ must/shall
①火锅 ② chafing dish ③ hot pot
①大厦 ② mansion ③ center/plaza
①马马虎虎 ② so-so ③ average/fair/all right/not toobad/OK（西方人很少使用so-so）
①好吃 ② delicious ③ good/nice/tasty/appetizing（delicious在中国被滥用）
①尽我最大努力 ② try my best ③ try/strive（try的本意就是try my best）
①有名 ② famous ③well-known/renowned/legendary/popular（famous在中国被滥用）
①滑稽 ② humorous ③ funny/witty/amusing/entertaining
①欺骗 ② to cheat ③ to trick/to play a joke on/tocon/to deceive/to rip off
①车门 ② the door of the car ③ the car's door
①怎么拼? ② how to spell? ③how do you spell?
①再见 ② bye-bye ③ bye/see you/see you later/later（bye-bye有些孩子气）
①玩 ② play ③ go to/do（play在中国被滥用）
①面条 ② noodles ③ pasta（noodles有些孩子气）
①等等 ② and so on ③ etc. etcetera
①宣传 ② propaganda ③ information
英语中12个典型的中国式错误
1. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
误：The price is very suitable for me.
正：The price is right.
提示：suitable(合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children. 这句话用后面的说法会更合适。
2. 你是做什么工作的呢？
误：What's your job?
正：Are you working at the moment?／What kind ofwork are you?
提示：what's your job这种说法难道也有毛病吗？是的。因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业，如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子，所以您要问：目前您是在上班吗？Are you working at the moment?接下来您才问：目前您在哪儿工作呢？Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢？Whatline of work are you in?
3. 用英语怎么说？
误：How to say?
正：How do you say this in English?
提示：How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一，这绝不是地道的英语说法。同样的句子有：请问这个词如何拼写？How do you spell that please?请问这个单词怎么读？Howdo you pronounce this word?
4. 明天我有事情要做。
误：I have something to do tomorrow.
正：I am tied up all day tomorrow.
提示：用I have something to do来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙，脱不开身：I'm tied up.还有其他的说法：I can't make it at thattime. I'd love to, but I can't, I have to stay at home.
5. 我没有英文名。
误：I haven't English name.
正：I don't have an English name.
提示：许多人讲英语犯这样的错误，从语法角度来分析，可能是语法功底欠缺，因为have在这里是实义动词，而并不是在现在完成时里面那个没有意义的助动词。所以，这句话由肯定句变成否定句要加助动词。明白道理是一回事，习惯是另一回事，请您再说几话：我没有钱；I don't have any money.我没有兄弟姐妹；I don't haveany brothers or sisters.我没有车。I don't have a car.
6. 我想我不行。
误：I think I can't.
正：I don't think I can.
提示：汉语里说“我想我不会”的时候，英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。以后您在说类似的英语句子的时候，只要留心，也会习惯英语的表达习惯的。
7. 我的舞也跳得不好。
误：I don't dance well too.
正：I am not a very good dancer either.
提示：当我们说不擅长做什么事情的时候，英语里面通常用not good at something，英语的思维甚至直接踊跃到：我不是一个好的舞者。
8. 现在几点钟了？
误：What time is it now?
正：What time is it, please?
提示：What time is it now是一个直接从汉语翻译过的句子，讲英语的时候没有必要说now，因为您不可能问what time was it yesterday, 或者what time is it tommorow?所以符合英语习惯的说法是：请问现在几点了？还有一种说法是：How are we doing for time?这句话在有时间限制的时候特别合适。
9. 我的英语很糟糕。
误：My English is poor.
正：I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving.
提示：有人开玩笑说，全中国人最擅长的一句英文是：My English is poor. 外国人遇到自己外语(课程)不好的情况，他们会说: I am still having a fewproblem, but I am getting better.
10. 你愿意参加我们的晚会吗？
误：Would you like to join our party on Friday?
正：Would you like to come to our party on Friday night?
提示：join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会，如：join a health club; jointhe Communist Party.事实上，常常与party搭配的动词是come 或者go。如go a wildparty，或者come to a Christmas Party。
11. 我没有经验。
误：I have no experience.
正：I don't know much about that.
提示：I have no experience这句话听起来古里古怪，因为您只需要说那方面我懂得不多，或者这方面我不在行，就行了。I am not really an expert in this area.
12. ——这个春节你回家吗？
——是的，我回去。
--Willyou be going back home for the Spring Festival?
误：--Of course!
正：--Sure. / Certainly.
提示：以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的学生低得多，只有在回答一些众所周知的问题时才说ofcourse。因为of course后面隐含的一句话是“我当然知道啦！难道我是一个傻瓜吗？”因此，of course带有挑衅的意味。在交谈时，用sure或certainly效果会好得多。同时，of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下语气温和的说法是certainly not。
下大雨的地道英语表达1. Rain cats and dogs
关于这一习语的起源有这样一种解释：17世纪的英格兰在下大雨的时候，一些城市的街道就会水流成河，而且这些污水中还会飘浮着大量的死猫死狗。
例：Soon itbegan to rain cats and dogs. Few people were seen on the street.
不久，下起了倾盆大雨。街上看不到几个人了。
2. Rain buckets
Bucket意指“水桶”，复数形式的buckets可以用来形容大量的液体。Rain buckets则意指雨下得很猛烈。
例：It'sraining buckets.
大雨倾盆。
3. The heavens opened
传说诺亚建好方舟后，八个人被带到船上。神关上了方舟之门，然后天开了，暴雨哗哗临降。因此我们现在也用the heavens opened来形容下暴雨。
例：We werewaiting at the bus stop when the heavens opened.
我们正在等公交，突然下起了暴雨。
4. Downpour
中文说大雨倾盆，像是从天上“倒下来”的一样, 英文里则用downpour来表达，是不是有些相似呢？
例：Afterlightning and thunder came a heavy downpour.
雷电过后，大雨倾盆而下。
5. Cloudburst
Burst有“突发”、“爆发”之意，如果说云突然爆发了，也就是突然的大暴雨。
例：The buswas delayed by a cloudburst.
暴雨导致公交车延误了。
无言以对：英文拐弯损人神句1. If you gave him a penny for histhoughts, you’d get change.
如果你用一分钱买他的想法，你还能拿到找零的。
2. She got into the gene pool while thelifeguard wasn’t watching.
她肯定是趁救生员不备，跳进过基因池。
3. During evolution, his ancestors were inthe control group.
如果进化时他的祖先不是在控制组的话，他也许不会这么蠢。
4. A room temperature IQ.
智商简直和室温一样高。
5. He has two brains; one is lost and theother is out looking for it.
他有两个大脑，一个丢了，另一个去找去了。
6. She found some drink from the fountainof knowledge, but she just gargled.
人家畅饮智慧之泉，她却只是拿来漱了漱口。
7. It takes him an-hour-and-a-half towatch 60 minutes.
他要花一个半小时来观察一个小时。
8. She sets low personal standards andthen consistently fails to achieve them.
她给自己设定的标准实在太低了，但每次还是达不到。
9. If he were any more stupid, he’d haveto be watered twice a week.
如果他再笨点儿，就要一周给他浇两次水了。（把他当植物来看了。）
这些书你看过吗？最受外媒青睐的五本中国书当中国小说家莫言意外荣获2012年诺贝尔文学奖时，中国文学界也随之受到了前所未有的关注。虽然这个人口大国出了像《道德经》和《孙子兵法》这样的名著，但中国书籍在西方出版界的表现仍乏善可陈。幸运的是，西方出版商并未因此而放弃对一些最受喜爱的中国作品的翻译工作。
Thesurprise announcement last week that Chinese novelist Mo Yan had won thisyear's Nobel Prize in literature has focused unprecedented global attention onChinese literature. 'Tao Te-Ching' and 'Art of War' notwithstanding, books fromthe world's most populous country have tended to get meager play in the Westernpress. Luckily, that hasn't kept publishers from commissioning translations ofsome of China's best-loved works.
但在众多的书籍中，尝鲜者该从哪本着手呢？
Butwith dozens of titles to choose from, where should the intrepid reader start?
为了回答这个问题，“中国实时报”栏目请教了《人民文学》（People's Literature Magazine）英文版杂志《路灯》（Pathlight）的编辑。《路灯》致力于翻译《人民文学》杂志与翻译网站Paper Republic联合出品的中国新小说与新诗歌。以下的五本中国书籍都由《路灯》工作人员力荐，第一本的作者是诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言。
Toanswer that question, China Real Time turned to the editors of Pathlight, aliterary magazine dedicated to translating new Chinese fiction and poetryjointly produced by the translation website Paper Republic and People'sLiterature Magazine. Below, Pathlight staff recommend four of their favoriteChinese books in translation, starting with one from the new Nobel winner:
《天堂蒜薹之歌》（Garlic Ballads），作者：莫言
'Garlic Ballads,' Mo Yan
在埋头开始完整地阅读一部莫言的小说前，读者若想对其作品风格有所了解，他的短篇小说集《师傅越来越幽默》（Shifu, You'll Do Anything for a Laugh!）也许是一个不错的选择，或者去看看张艺谋根据莫言小说改编拍成的电影《红高粱》（Red Sorghum）。而对于那些热衷于长篇小说的读者而言，《天堂蒜薹之歌》是一个很好的选择。诺贝尔文学奖评委会就曾建议，阅读莫言应当从这部小说开始。
Readerswho want to get a taste of Mo Yan before they commit to reading a whole bookmay want to pick up 'Shifu, You'll Do Anything for a Laugh!, ' a collection ofMo's short stories, or check out Zhang Yimou's film version of the novel 'RedSorghum.' For those who want to read a full-length novel, the Nobel committee'srecommendation of ' The Garlic Ballads' as a first Mo Yan novel is a good placeto start.
《天堂蒜薹之歌》曾在卷首引用了一段斯大林语录──虽然莫言在第二版的前言中承认那段话是他自己杜撰的──但这仍引发了公众对他新一轮的批评。此前，莫言就曾因未替同是诺奖得主却身陷囹圄的刘晓波及其他异见作家大声疾呼、出言相助而受到指责。
'TheGarlic Ballads' opens with a quote attributed to Stalin -- though Mo admittedto making it up in the preface to the second edition of the novel -- that takeson new resonance in the light of recent criticisms of Mo for not being moreoutspoken in his support of imprisoned fellow Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo andother politically active writers:
一直以来，小说家都试图与政治保持距离，但小说本身却永远无法脱离政治而单独存在。小说家都极度关注人类的命运以至常常忽略了自己的命运，他们的悲剧也因此而生。
Novelistsare forever trying to distance themselves from politics, but the novel itselfcloses in on politics. Novelists are so concerned with 'man's fate' that theytend to lose sight of their own fate. Therein lies their tragedy.
《天堂蒜薹之歌》取材于1987年发生的真实事件：贫困的农民响应当地政府的号召大量种植蒜薹，结果蒜薹滞销、烂在地里。农民因此冲击了县政府办公室，抗议过高的税费、过路费及规费。这部小说一开始就描绘了抗议活动领导者之一的高羊被逮捕、被拷打的情景。而这一切，都发生在他瞎眼的女儿面前。接着，作者笔锋一转、切换场景，讲述了一对注定永诀的恋人──高马和方金菊──与非法包办婚姻抗争的故事（金菊在这桩婚约中被许配给一位比她年长许多的男人）。
'TheGarlic Ballads' has as its backdrop the story -- based on real events in 1987-- of poor farmers who storm the county government offices in protest overextortionate taxes, tolls, and fees after their garlic crops, planted at theurging of the local government, rot, unsold, in the fields. The novel beginswith the arrest and beating of Gao Yang, one of the leaders of the protest, infront of his blind daughter, then cuts to the doomed lovers Gao Ma and FangJinju as they attempt to resist Jinju's betrothal to an older man in an illegalarranged marriage.
就像莫言其他的长篇小说一样，《天堂蒜薹之歌》将活生生的现实与超现实的意象融为一体，描绘了官僚权势的贪赃枉法之为与农民个体的悲凉窘迫之态，并将其置于长期渐变的历史悲剧大背景中。
Likemany of Mo's longer novels, 'The Garlic Ballads' combines gritty realism withsurreal imagery, depicts the venal cruelty of official power, and presentspersonal tragedy in the context of the long, slow-motion tragedy of history.
──布伦丹·奥卡尼（BrendanO'Kane），翻译网站Paper Republic联合创始人及《路灯》杂志特约编辑
--Brendan O'Kane, Paper Republic co-founder and Pathlight contributing editor.
《丁庄梦》（Dream of DingVillage），作者：阎连科
'Dream of Ding Village,' Yan Lianke
《丁庄梦》虽然是一部文学作品，但它却架构在真实的“卖血潮”之上。“卖血潮”风行于过去的二十年间，由于很多人在卖血过程中接触了受感染的血液，致使艾滋病在中国农村蔓延开来。阎连科在小说中将个体的故事放大：丁村前任村长在血头丁辉的哄骗下踏上了卖血之路，即便那时他连在田间劳作的力气都已消失殆尽，也依旧在卖血。
Althougha work of fiction, ' Dream of Ding Village' is based on the very real 'bloodboom,' a phenomenon of the last 20 years that has led to the spread of HIVamong Chinese villagers because of the selling of contaminated blood. YanLianke zooms in on individual stories such as the ex-mayor of Ding Village,cajoled into selling blood by blood merchant Ding Hui, even as his energy forhis job toiling the fields wanes by the moment.
虽然阎连科在写作表达情感时用的好像是同一种腔调、且常常用恢弘的笔触描绘死亡与苦难，但《丁庄梦》这部小说却因以著名的“阎式”嘲讽口吻洞察人情而可读性极强。他对现代中国农村地区愚谬生活的刻画绝对不吝笔墨且饱蘸深情。这部小说也因此类细节而出彩，比如，那些可能一辈子都没有走出过丁村的农民，却在离世时躺在了刻有繁华胜景图的棺材里：“是大城市的胜景图。如北京的天安门，上海的电视塔，广州的大宾馆，还有哪些大城市的商业街，繁华道，跨江桥、百货楼、喷泉池，这些等等的，七七八八的。”
ThoughYan writes emotions as if they're one shade and paints death and suffering withlarge brush-strokes, 'Dream of Ding Village' is an extremely readable tale withobservations in Yan's famous satirical style. He's positively effusive on theabsurdities of modern rural China and the novel is resplendent in details suchas peasants, who have probably never set foot outside of Ding Village, beingburied in coffins carved with scenes 'depicting famous landmarks: Beijing'sTiananmen Square, Shanghai Oriental Pearl television tower, Guangzhou'shigh-rise hotels, and various bustling commercial districts, department stores,suspension bridges, fountains, parks and public squares.'
当艾滋病潮席卷阎连科的出生地河南省、并广泛地影响了生活在这片土地上的父老乡亲时，他的这部致敬之作就更令人动容。这个冷峻残酷的故事由辛迪?卡特（Cindy Carter）翻译，她的笔触流畅、文风老练，切中主旨要害且常常直指人心，字里行间有时还透着诗意。（辛迪?卡特是Paper Republic联合创始人之一。）
Yan'shomage is the more touching as the HIV/AIDS crisis has affected mostly thosefrom his birth province of Henan. The brutal story is smoothly translated byCindy Carter, whose rendering is practiced, always to the point, and poetic attimes. (Full disclosure: Ms. Carter is a co-founder of Paper Republic.
──刘欣，《路灯》杂志英文执行编辑
--Alice Xin Liu, Pathlight managing editor
《马桥词典》（A Dictionary ofMaqiao），作者：韩少功
'A Dictionary of Maqiao,' Han Shaogong
在陈朽的当代中国文坛，《马桥词典》是一部受人青睐的先锋之作。整部小说通过讲述古往今来一系列丰富动人的小故事呈现了史诗般的历史，其结构紧凑，语言精辟。《马桥词典》以词典的形式收录了湖南一个小村寨──马桥──的方言。全书共录有115个当地词条：从“磨咒”、“公地（以及母田）”到“背钉”、“晕街”，它以这些词条为引子，从纯词典的形式延伸扩展、过渡为由一个个小故事拼绘成的大图景，饱含意蕴。虽然《马桥词典》的故事内容及背景与其他一些中国小说相似，叙事者是一位在文化大革命期间下放到农村的知青，但作者选用的叙事文体却让世人眼前一亮。
Awelcome relief from the overripe camp of much contemporary Chinese literature,' A Dictionary of Maqiao' is a tightly written, gnomic work that packs epichistorical sweep into a series of dense vignettes. Disguised as a 'dictionary'of the dialect of Maqiao, a small village in Hunan, the novel defines 115 localterms such as 'Curse-Grinding,' 'He-Ground (and She-Field),' 'Nailed Backs' and'Streetsickness,' quickly expanding from a mere compendium of definitions intoa patchwork tale of bizarre power. Though the story and its setting arefamiliar from other Chinese fiction -- an 'educated youth' is sent down to avillage during the Cultural Revolution -- the author's narrative choices makethat whole world feel new.
简言之，用词典的语言来写小说的方式使这本书与众不同、引人入胜。虽然很多中国小说都自诩继承了魔幻现实主义的传统，但《马桥词典》诠释的这种风格才称得上纯正到位：将熟知的世界描绘成一幅异乡的摸样，通过对每个词条进行耐心、细化的定义来深化语义的神秘意蕴，以这样的方式引领读者在字里行间探索领悟。
That'sthe appeal of the book in a nutshell. Plenty of Chinese novels claim to be heirto the magical-realist tradition, but 'A Dictionary of Maqiao' does it right:Presenting the known world as a foreign land, promising to guide the readerthrough it and teach him its ways, but only deepening the mystery with eachpatient, detailed definition.
──艾瑞克·阿布汉森（EricAbrahamsen），Paper Republic联合创始人及《路灯》杂志编辑主任
--EricAbrahamsen, Paper Republic co-founder and Pathlight editorial director
《活着》（To Live），作者：余华
'To Live,' Yu Hua
即使你已看过张艺谋导演根据余华同名小说改编拍成的电影《活着》，你也应该再去读一读1993年的原着小说，内容精彩不该错过。不论是电影还是小说原着，你都能读到真正的余华，因为他亲身参与了影片《活着》的创作过程。相较而言，他的原着小说要沉重得多：主人公福贵一生浮沉起伏，出身为地主少爷的他最终沦为贫苦佃户，生活日渐潦倒。
Evenif you've seen Zhang Yimou's film adaptation of Yu Hua's 'To Live,' that is noexcuse to pass up this fantastic 1993 novel. Both the film and the novel areauthentically Yu Hua, owing to the writer's intimate involvement in thescreenplay, but the novel is significantly darker: In the up-and-down life ofthe protagonist, a wealthy-scion-turned-peasant named Fugui, the scales leanincreasingly toward the downs.
尽管《活着》烙有悲剧故事的特性，但它还是跳出了现代中国文学作品惯用的“乡土苦难”的老套模式，从众多庸作中脱颍而出。这部小说讲述了福贵及其整个家族在20世纪中国政局风云变幻中浮沉起伏的过程：从民国时期到共产党执政，从大跃进到文革时期。故事揭示了有关苦难本身的思考以及人类精神上所依仗的、用来减少人生痛楚的大量财富。
Despiteits tragic strains, 'To Live' manages to redeem itself from the 'rural misery'stereotype that plagues many modern Chinese epic