资源描述
专题6
完形填空
考向
考查年份
关联知识点
动词
2020年全国卷I （41题）
动词固定搭配的介词；动作先 后顺序等
名词
2020年全国卷I （27题）
2019年新高考I （48题）
原词复现或者近义词改写
形容词、副
词
2021年全国卷I （43题，50 题）
同义词的区分，等级比拟
色方法点拨
.• ・ ■ ।। • • • •
考向一动词的解题技巧【典例一】（2021年新高考全国卷I ]
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41 little bunny （兔子）cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland.
41. A. soldB. orderedC. madeD. reserved[41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫而包店的经理，在复活节期间， 这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作； D. reserved 预定。 根据 “Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.
Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.” 可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。应选C。
【技巧点拨】
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, fbr three whole days, I[2021届湖北华中师大附中高三上学期六校联考】
The majority of people are convinced that they don't have much imagination. They are 13.
Everyone has imagination, but most of us forget how to 14 it once we become adults. Creativityisn't always 15 with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time 16
think of creative ways to solve problems. Here are three techniques to help you.
Make connections! It involves taking 17 ideas and trying to find links between them. Thinkabout the problem to solve or the job to do. Then find an image, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas 18 with candles connect the 19 with the job you have to do. So imagine you want
to buy a friend an original 20 you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.
No limits! Imagine that normal limitations don't 21. You have as much imagination as youwant. Think about your goal and the new 22. If your goal is to learn to ski,23, you can
now practice skiing every day. Now 24this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every dayin December, or every Monday in January.
Be someone else. Look at the situation from a 25 point of view. Good writers use thistechnique. Fiction writers often imagine they are the 26 in their books. If your goal involves other
people, put yourself in their 27. The best fishermen think like fish!
13. A. mistaken
B. accurate
C. reasonable
D. incredible
14. A. fit in with
B. become aware of
C. make use of
D. keep track of
15. A. equipped
B. compared
C. occupied
D. concerned
16. A. routinely
B. skillfully
C. apparently
D. abruptly
17. A. relevant
B. unrelated
C. creative
D. imaginary
18. A. presented
B. marked
C. indicated
D. associated
19. A. ideas
B. assessments
C. arrangements
D. practices
2(). A. item
B. service
C. present
D. object
21. A. exist
B. occur
C. operate
D. change
22. A. tendencies
B. limitations
C. possibilities
D. assumptions
23. A. as a matter of fact
B. in other words
C. as a whole
D. for instance
24. A. devote
B. apply
C. revise
D. contribute
25. A. personal
B. global
C. different
D. positive
26. A. features
B. themes
C. creatures
D. characters
27. A. locations
B. positions
C. images
D. impressions
[2021届广东省广州八区高三调研】
My family lived about a mile from the Bertram Woods Library. Throughout my childhood, my mother drove me there several times a week.
Our visits were never 21 enough for me. I loved wandering around the 22scanning the spines (书脊)of the books until something happened to 23 my eye.
I might have spent the rest of my life 24 libraries the way I viewed, say, the amusementpark I went to as a kid. But then the 25 feeling came back into my life 26. One day after we moved to Los Angeles in 2011, my son wanted to interview a 27 for his school assignment. So we went to the 28 library.
As we drove over to meet the librarian, I 29 a memory of this similar journey in mypast-another parent and child on their way to the library. The 3()didn't look anything like
the Bertram Woods, but when we 31 inside, a shock of recognition 32 me. Decadeshad passed, but I really felt as if I had returned to that time and place, walking into the library with my mother.33 had changed. There was the same soft sound of pencil on paper, and the
murmuring of people34 at the tables in the center of the room. The wooden checkout counters,the librarians, desks, the bulletin board, were all the same.
It wasn't that time 35 in the library. It was as if it had been captured here, or collected. Alibrary, for me, is a gathering pool of stories and of the people who come to find them.
21. A. long
B. easy
C. boring
D. interesting
22. A. rooms
B. streets
C. shelves
D. tables
23. A. fill
B. catch
C. open
D. block
24. A. wandering around
B. thinking about
C. talking about
D. looking for
25. A. familiar
B. exciting
C. funny
D. warm
26. A. unexpectedly
B. uncomfortably
C. exactly
D. finally
27. A. professor
B. teacher
C. bookseller
D. librarian
28. A. newest
B. closest
C. prettiest
D. quietest
29. A. lost
B. shared
C. enjoyed
D. experienced
30. A. school
B. building
C. desks
D.books
31. A. looked
B. drove
C. stepped
D.read
32. A. struck
B. disappointed
C. defeated
D. woke
33. A. Everybody
B. Everything
C. Nobody
D. Nothing
34. A. working
35. A. travelled
36. A. working
37. A. travelled
B. sitting
B. flew
C. playing
C. slopped
D. eating
D.changed
【山东省临沂市2020届高三一模】
We walked slowly through the wet grass, our eyes searching for the enemy. Suddenly, machine-gun fire broke the quiet. We hit the ground,21from the shots by a low stone wall. As I ordered twosoldiers to help me locate and 22 the machine gun. I heard 23 and then I was on my back.
“Lieutenant（中尉）！ Lieutenant! You've been hit!” one soldier cried. Two medics rushed me to an aid24. A doctor slapped a bandage on my bloody knee; then the medics drove me to a 25
field hospital. They carried me into a tent where dozens of 26 soldiers were lined up on the ground.
I watched the nurses working 27 things went black. When I woke up. I was lying on a bed wearingnothing but a blanket.
“Wake up, Lieutenant!,, a nurse shouted. "You've got to get on a plane-yoifre 28 to a hospitalin England!” I 29. All my worldly possessions lay in a mountainous heap of equipment. I could
replace everything 30 the photo of my new bride, Ellen, which I always carried with me.
"I'm not going until I get my wife's picture.M I said. "It's in the gas mask cover you 31from me." I knew the nurse could make me go,32 instead she said, "OK, I'll sec if I can find
it.” then ran out to search through the 33. Time stood still until finally she came running34 back. "I've got it!” she shouted, waving the picture in her upraised hand.
That photograph 35 me through tough times. Now-69 years later-it sits on my bedside table.
21. A. escaped
B. sheltered
C. removed
D. prevented
22. A. knock out
B. search for
C. stay away
D. run towards
23. A. a thunder
B. a scream
C. a crash
D. an explosion
24. A. school
B. station
C. program
D. advisor
25. A. ruined
B. famous
C. nearby
D. advanced
26. A. wounded
B. brave
C. dead
D. cured
27. A. because
B. though
C. after
D. before
28. A. driving
B. connecting
C. flying
D. engaging
29. A. hesitated
B.opposed
C. panicked
D. whispered
30. A. with
B. by
C. for
D. except
31. A. took away
B. carried out
C. cleared up
D. kept back
32.A. soB. and
C. orD. but
33. A. tents
B. hillsC. pilesD. beds
34. A. breathlessly
B. disappointedly C. nervously D. mysteriously
35. A. benefited
B. comfortedC. reminded D. challenged
参考答案
[2021届河北省“五个一”名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考】
【答案】21-25CADBC26-30 CBDAD 31 -35 BADBC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述一艘英国战舰差点与灯塔相撞的故事，告诉我们一个道 理：当生活把一个不可移动的东西摆在你面前时，你要改变的是你自己，所以，改变方向，继续 前进。
21 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于大雾，能见度很低，所以船长登上瞭望塔上，密切注意着所 有的活动。A. in spite of 尽管；B. in addition to 除了； C. on account of 由于；D. on top of 在之上。由本处的“The visibility was poor 21 heavy fog”可知，是由于大雾，能见度很低。
应选C项。
22 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于大雾，能见度很低，所以船长登上瞭望塔上，密切注意着所 有的活动。A. keeping an eye on 密切注意;B. enquiring about 询问；C. engaging in 从事；D. turning adeafearto充耳不闻。由上文语境可知，这艘英国战舰在恶劣的天气下在海上航行了好几天，雾 大能见度低，因此船长上了瞭望塔，密切注意着船和船周边的一切活动（以防发生意外）。应选 A项。
23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，瞭望员报告说前面有一盏灯闪着。A. charging收费；B. falling 落下;C. fading褪色；D. flashing闪光。由下文的"The light was steady ”可知，前方有灯闪着。 应选D项。
24 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:那个船长问：“它是稳定的还是朝我们的船移动的？ " A. shooting 射击；B. moving 移动；C. pointing 指出；D. looking 看。由下文的"the two sides would have the risk of crashing into each other”可知，船长问灯是稳定的，还是在向他们的船移动，如果灯是移 动的，他们就有相撞的风险。应选B项。
25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：瞭望员回答说：“灯光是稳定的，但我们的船要与那艘船相撞 A. instruction 说明书；B. method 方法；C.ship 船；D.captain 船长。由下文的"the two sides would have the risk of crashing into each other if they didn't 27 course n 可知，如果双方不重新调整航向的话，船长的船要与那艘船相撞，此处指“我们的船”（船长的船）。应选C项。
26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：瞭望员回答说：“灯光是稳定的，但我们的船要与那艘船相撞。” A.trade 贸易；B.peace 和平;C. collision 碰撞；D. comparison 比拟。由下文的 “the two sides would have the risk of crashing into each other if they didn't 27 course n 可知,如果双方不重新调整 航向的话，船长的船要与那艘船相撞。应选C项。
27 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：船长命令瞭望员向那艘船发出信号，并告诉他们，如果双方不重 新调整航向，就有相撞的危险。A. affect影响；B. readjust重新调整；C. admit成认；D. uncover 揭开。由下文的“they had to change their course”可知，船长立即改变航向（防止了相撞），所以 此处指重新调整航向。应选B项。
28 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回来了一个信号，“你们改道才是明智的J A. typical典型的； B. early早的;C. challenging挑战性的；D. advisable明智的。由全文语境可知,这里回信号的是 灯塔，灯塔无法改变航向，为了防止相撞，船长的船改变航向才是明智的。应选D项。
29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：“船长，我以前从未见过你勃然大怒。”瞭望员说了又（按船长说 的）做了。A. blow 吹;B. reach 到达;C. stuff 填满；D. show 展示。由上文的“Then the captain shouted angrily n可知，船长很生气，此处指瞭望员从未见过船长勃然大怒，固定搭配blow one's top （勃然大怒）。应选A项。
30 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：船长知道这件事后大吃一惊，他们不得不立即改变航向。A. heartbroken 心碎的；B. innocent 天真的;C. relieved 放心的;D. thunderstruck 大吃一，惊。由上文 语境可知，船长以为对面的是一艘船，然而实际上，对面的是灯塔，所以船长知道后大吃一惊。 应选D项。
31 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：船长知道这件事后大吃一惊，他们不得不立即改变航向。A. temporarily暂时地;B. instantly立即地;C. slowly慢慢地；D. merrily愉快地。由上文语境可知， 船长以为对面的是一艘船，一直叫对面改变航向以防止相撞，然而实际上，对面的是灯塔，为了 防止相撞，他们不得不立即改变航向。应选B项。
32 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我们的人生道路上，我们有时不得不改变方向：否那么，我们会 遇到砖墙。A. otherwise否那么；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. anyway无论如何。由上文 语境可知，船长的船如果不改变航向就会撞上灯塔，人生路上也是一样，为了防止相撞我们不得 不改变方向，否那么就会遇见砖墙（撞上去），前后两句是转折关系，应用otherwise。应选A项。 33.考查名词短语辨析。句意：在我们的人生道路上，我们有时不得不改变方向：否那么，我们会 遇到砖墙。A. top secret 绝密;B. safe path 平安路径；C. comfort zone 舒适区；D. brick wall 砖墙。 由上文语境可知，船长的船如果不改变航向就会撞上灯塔，人生路上也是一样，为了防止相撞我 们不得不改变方向，否那么就会遇见砖墙（撞上去）。应选D项。
34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人花了很多时间试图改变周围的一切，却没有意识到只有改 变自己才能成功。A.learn学习；B.make使；C.take拿走；D.see看见。由上文语境可知，船长 一直叫对面的船改变航向以防止相撞，然而，对面的船实际上是灯塔，最后船长通过自己改变航 向防止了相撞，人生路上也是如此，试图改变周围的一切是很难的，只有改变自己才能成功，固 定搭配make il （成功）。应选B项。
35 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当生活把一个不可移动的东西摆在你面前时，坚持这个秘 密：改变方向，继续前进。A. opporlunily机会；B. target目标；C. objecl东西；D. fanlasy幻想。 由上文语境可知，灯塔就是那个不可移动的东西，船长不改变航向，就会撞上去，但最后船长通 过自己改变航向防止了相撞，所以在人生旅途中，当生活把一个不可移动的东西摆在你面前时, 你要学会自己改变方向，继续前进。应选C项。
【安徽省合肥市2019届高三高考一模】
【答案】21-25CCACD26-30 BBAAD 31-35 CDABD 36-40 BACDD
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是Greenberg失明了，一开始他很沮丧，后来在好朋友Arthur 的帮助下，他开始重新欣赏生活的美好。
21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是就在大三之前，他的运气改变了。A. faith信任；信念；B. attitude 态度；C. fortune 运气；财富：D. reputation 声誉。根据前文 “Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on full scholarship.n 可知 Greenberg 很幸运得了全额奖学金，根据后文 u Later he was diagnosed with glaucoma v可知Greenberg得了青光眼。从幸运到不幸,他的运气 改变了，应选C项。
22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他的视力像蒙上了水汽。A. lit照亮；B. cleared清除； 清理；C.steamed散发；蒸；D.cheered欢呼，使高兴。根据后文可知，Greenberg得了青光眼所 以视力变差。sleamup为固定搭配，意为“（窗户，眼睛等）蒙上水汽”，用在这里暗示Greenberg 的视力变差了模糊不清，符合语境，应选C项。
23 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而,手术不起作用。A. However然而;B. Moreover此外；而 且；C. Therefore 因止匕；D. Otherwise 否那么。根据前文“Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes.v 可知医生给Greenberg做了手术，根据the surgery didn't work可知手术没有成功，前后为转折关 系，应选A项。
24 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他非常绝望,拒绝见任何人。A.shy害羞的；B.selfish自私的； 利己主义的；C. desperate不顾一切的；绝望的；D. nervous紧张的。根据“he refused to see anyone.n 可知Greenberg很绝望，才会拒绝见任何人。应选C项。
25 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为Greenberg最好的朋友，Arthur说服Greenberg回到哥伦比 亚，并主动提议成为他的阅读者。A. learned学习，认识到；B. pretended假装；C. happened发生； D. offered 提供；提议。根据“ Arthur read 26 to him every day ”可知 Arthur 提议成为 Greenberg的阅读者（也就是为他读书），应选D项。
26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：Arthur每天都从自己的学习时间中挤出时间来给他读教材。A. letters 信；B. lexlbooks 教材；C. newspapers 报纸；D. magazines 杂志。根据后文"Greenberg 27scoring straight A's."可知Greenberg各科成绩拿了 A,说明Arthur读给他听的一直是教材，帮助 他学习，应选B项。
27 .考查动词词义和词组辨析。句意:Greenberg最终各科成绩拿了优秀。A. imagined想象。B. ended up以结束;告终;C. carried on继续;D. considered考虑。根据语境，这里要表达的是Greenberg最后拿到了优异的成绩，B项符合语境，应选B项。
28 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他仍然对单独出行感到踌躇，依赖他的朋友。A.tenlative不确 定的；踌躇不决的；B. confident自信的；C. excited兴奋地；激动的；D. curious好奇的。根据 “relied on his friend."可知Greenberg依赖自己的朋友，对于单独出行他应该是踌躇不决的，应选A项。
29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：要回学校的时候，Arthur说他因为有约会不能陪他（回去）。A. accompany 陪伴；B. rescue 营救，救援；C. comfort 抚慰；D. abandon 放弃。根据 "because of an appointment."可知Arthur有约会,所以不能陪伴Greenberg,应选A项。
30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：Greenberg感到很恐慌。A. explained解释；B. apologized抱歉;C. compromised妥协；D. panicked恐慌。根据前文可知Greenberg对单独出行感到很犹豫，所以 Arthur说完不能陪他之后，他应该是感到恐慌的，应选D项。
31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们就此争论，然后Arthur走了，留下Greenberg一个人在纽约 中央火车站。A.consulting咨询；商量；B.finding发现;Cleaving离开;留下；D.servi牛服务。 根据Arthur walked off,可知Arthur走了，留下Greenberg单独一人，应选C项。
32 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Greenberg完全是困惑的，蹒跚地穿过交通高峰时期的人群。A. tired疲惫的;B. amused好笑的;C. satisfied感到满意的；D. confused困惑的。根据"stumbled through the rush-hour crowd M可以看出Greenberg是困惑的，才会蹒跚地穿过人群。应选D项。
33 .考查词组辨析。句意：四英里后，他在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。A.gotoff离开，出发；下车； B. pulled over把开到路边；C. looked around到处观察；D. ran away逃离。根据前文可知Greenberg从纽约中央火车站上车，在这站是下车。应选A项。
34 .考查词组辨析。句意：在大学门口，有人撞到了他。A. lumed to求助于；B. knocked into打 进；撞进；偶然碰到（某人）；C. shouted at对大声叫嚷；D. quarreled with与争吵。根据"Oops, excuse me, sir."可知那人跟他抱歉了，说明那人撞到他了，应选B项。
35 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：Greenberg听出了这个声音。A. raised提高；筹集；B. lost丧失； C. controlled 控制；D. recognized 认出，识别。根据后文 “It was Arthur's." 可知 Greenberg 认出 了这是Arthur的声音。应选D项。
36 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：Greenberg的第一反响是生气。A. pleasure乐趣；B. anger生气;C. relief 减轻；D. sorrow 悲伤。根据后文“but in the next second, he realized what he had just 37-
and realized, too, who had made it possible."可知 Greenberg 下一秒才意识是 Arthur 让他做到了刚 才做的事，说明一开始他是生气的。应选B项。
37 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，下一秒他意识到他刚才完成了什么，也意识到是谁让这成 为可能。A. achieved完成；B. questioned询问；C. ignored忽略；D. missed错过。根据前文可知 Greenberg完成了一个人搭车，所以这里表达的是Greenberg意识到自己完成了单独出行。应选 A项。
38 .考查副词辨析。句意：显然，Arthur一路都在跟着他。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Finally最终 地；C. Obviously 明显地;D. Strangely 奇怪地。Greenberg 在大门口遇见了 Arthur,显然是 Arthur 在跟着他。应选C项。
39 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:显然，Arthur 一路都在跟着他，使用的是最聪明的策略之一。 A. complex复杂的；B. familiar熟悉的，常见的；C. defensive防御的；D. briHiant明亮的，聪明 的。根据前文可知Greenberg不敢单独出行,所以Arthur通过留下他一个人逼迫Greenberg成长， 这个策略要用聪明来形容，应选D项。
40 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：失明并没有使Greenberg不能欣赏生活的美好。A. magic魔法;B. truth 真相；C. wisdom 智慧；D. beauty 美，美人。根据 " He always says he is the luckiest man in the world."可知Greenberg觉得自己是世上最幸运的人，对他来说，世界仍是美好的。应选D项。
【点睛】做完形填空的技巧之一就是根据上下文寻找信息，比方第22小题，根据后文“later he was diagnosed with glaucoma. 0 口J知Greenberg得了青光眼，也就是说他的视力变差了。第2小题 中B选项steam up有“（窗户，眼睛等）蒙上水汽”的意思，视力蒙上水汽也就是视力变差了， 根据后文和语境选出B项。
[2021届湖北华中师大附中高三上学期六校联考】
【答案】13-17ACDAB 18-22DACAC 23-27 DBCDB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个让自己有想象力方法，它们是：找出事物之间的 联系；想象限制不存在；换位思考。
13 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们错了。A. mistaken错误的；B. accurate精准的;C. reasonable 合理的;D. incredible 难以置信的。根据上文的"The majority of people arc convinced they don't have muc
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