江苏省2012高考英语二轮复习-限时训练专题2-阅读理解5.doc

2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）
专题2 阅读理解 5
（35分钟）
A
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coachers, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.
1. Bossy children like Stephen Jackson ______.
A. make good decisions B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others D. have little sense of fear
2. The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. inborn nature B. developed character C. accepted theory D. particular environment
3. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents ______.
A. should give more power to their children B. should be strict with their children
C. should not be so anxious about their children D. should not set limits for their children
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How bossy behavior can be controlled. B. How we can get along with bossy children.
C. What leads to children’s bossy behavior. D. What effect bossy behavior brings about.
B
Healthy knees aren’t the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos (细高跟鞋). “It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) --- and once you do, it is too late,” said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School’s department of physical medicine. “I compare it to smoking --- one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, “Kerrigan said. “They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as bad for your knees.”
In the study, researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three-inch heels, one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one. The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women’s knees by both types of shoes. The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure. The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees. Compared with walking barefoot, the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent. Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis(关节炎), experts say.
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn’t new --- scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained (扭伤) ankles and back problems. But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage (软骨) surrounding the knee. The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing. “This study confirms what we all intuitively (直觉地) know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health,” said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
5. We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because _______.
A. they want to walk comfortably
B. chunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairs
C. chunky heels do less harm to knees
D. chunky heels are not painful at all
6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. people got to know the high heels are bad for health recently
B. people have known the high heels are bad for health for years
C. people haven’t known the high heels are bad for health yet
D. people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon
7. The best title for the passage may be ________.
A. Taking Healthy Knees into Consideration B. High-heels Do Harm to Knees
C. Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels D. When Wearing High-heels
C
“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This inaccurate use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,’’ and ‘‘Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,’’ are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.
Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ‘‘What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ‘‘It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.
But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial(有争议的) case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation(审议).
Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less inaccurately arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.
Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
B. Free expression of opinions always leads to confusion.
C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels.
9. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?
A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.
B. Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.
C. Someone who values only their own opinions.
D. Someone whose opinion harms other people.
10. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.
A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
B. one should not always agree to others’ opinions
C. personal tastes are not something to be challenged
D. it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public
11. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
A. it is stated by judges in the court B. it reflects public like and dislikes
C. it is a result of a lot of controversy D. it is based on careful thought
D
A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question, “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?” Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster: Life isn’t fair. It’s disappointing, but it’s absolutely true. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. It’s not and it won’t.
One of the nice things about surrendering(屈从) to the fact that life isn’t fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know it’s not “life’s job” to make everything perfect, it’s our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel victimized or unfairly treated.
The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however, we feel compassion(热情) for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can persuade you out of self-pity and into helpful action.
12. The writer thought of his friend’s question as a good one because _______.
A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinion
B. it made him recall something during his childhood
C. like his friend, he also thought life was unfair
D. he learned something from the question as a youngster
13. Surrendering to the fact that life isn’t fair will ________.
A. keep us from making everything perfect B. keep us from doing everything in our power
C. make us face unfair treatment bravely D. make us know it’s our duty to perfect things
14. The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. it’s nice to accept the injustice of life B. it’s nice to surrender to the life
C. we should not surrender to the life D. we should not feel sorry for everything
15. In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that _______.
A. you should not pity for others B. life isn’t and won’t be fair
C. compassion is heartfelt emotion D. pity is a self-defeating emotion