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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点总结归纳
单选题
1、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
2、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
3、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A.whichB.oneC.thatD.it
答案:B
考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A. which指代物;B. one一个;C. that指代人或物;D. it它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除A和C,同时it指代的是同类同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
4、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
5、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
6、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作to的宾语,the same…as…(和……一样),句中应由as引导定语从句。故选D项。
7、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
8、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
9、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
10、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
11、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
12、Looking at green, growing things can put people in a better _______.
A.shelterB.remarkC.moodD.zone
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:看着绿色,生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A. shelter庇护所; B. remark评论; C. mood情绪; D. zone区域。短语:put sb. in a ...mood“使某人有……的情绪”,故选C。
13、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
14、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
15、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
16、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
17、This is the best hotel in the city ________ I know.
A.itB.whereC.thatD.which
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:这是我所知道的这个城市最好的旅馆。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是hotel,指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句,又因先行词被最高级best修饰,所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选C。
18、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
19、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
20、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
21、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
22、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
23、We should do all ________ is useful to people.
A.whoB.thatC.itD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A. who谁;B. that那个,引导从句;C. it它;D. which哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是all,排除D。引导词用that,在从句中作主语。故选B。
24、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
25、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
26、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
27、We study in a classroom ______ windows face to the south.
A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句,先行词为a classroom,关系词在从句中充当定语成分,表示the classroom's,应用whose。故选A项。
28、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
29、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
30、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
完成句子
31、这次地震死亡的人数还在增长。
________________ deaths from the earthquake is still increasing.
答案:The number of
考查固定短语。根据汉语可知,需要翻译“……的人数”用the number of,在句中修饰名词deaths。位于句首,首字母大写。故填The number of。
32、We sat in the shade, ____________________the sun.
我们坐在背阴处,避免被晒到。
答案:sheltering from
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
33、________(万一遇到紧急情况), break the glass and press the button. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案:In case of emergency
考查介词短语。句意:万一遇到紧急情况,击碎玻璃按下按钮。表示“万一”用介词短语in case of,后接名词;“紧急情况”用名词emergency表示,在表示紧急情况的时候emergency为不可数名词;句首单词首字母要用大写。故填In case of emergency。
34、一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名, 被称为万婴之母.
She________ ________ ________the mother of ten thousand babies,having________over fifty thousand babies in her lifetime.
答案: was known as delivered
考查固定短语、动词和时态。be known as是固定短语,意为“因作为……而出名”,分析句子可知,此处应填动词作谓语,且时态应为一般过去时,主语为She,故此处应填was known as;表示“接生”应用动词deliver,结合前文的having可知,此处应用动词的过去分词形式,故空处应填delivered。故填①was②known③as④delivered。
35、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
36、我不知道他为什么一直看着我,好像认识我似的。
I don't know why he is looking at me ______ ______ ______ ______ me.
答案: as if he knew
考查as if虚拟语气。表示“好像,似乎”用as if引导从句,as if从句中表达与事实相反的情况时要用虚拟语气;根据句意和主句中时态可知,句中讲述的是现在的情况,as if从句中表达的是对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时;根据句意从句中需补上主语he,“认识”是从句谓语动词,用动词know表示,过去式为knew。故填①as;②if;③he;④knew。
37、Even if he __________________, he never gave in.
即使遭遇许多困难,他从不屈服。
答案:suffered from a lot of difficulties
考查一般过去时、固定短语和名词。根据句意,空处意为“遭遇许多困难”,由于主句谓语gave up为一般过去时,从句谓语“遭受”也应用一般过去时,为suffered from;“许多困难”为 a lot of difficulties。故填suffered from a lot of difficulties。
38、我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(一句多译)
(1) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(2) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(3) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案: try/do our best to help make an effort to help spare no effort to help
考查动词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子,并结合英语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“竭尽全力帮助”,在句中作谓语,可用动词短语“try/do one’s best to do”或“make an effort to do”或“spare no effort to do”表达,都可意为“竭尽全力做某事”,结合主语“We”可知,“one’s”应用“our”表达;“帮助”用动词“help”表达。空前已有“will”,应是一般将来时,谓语动词用原形。故填①try/do our best to help;②make an effort to help;③spare no effort to help。
39、为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。
Many shelters were set up for ____________________ had been destroyed.
答案:those whose homes
考查定语从句、代词和名词。根据句子结构和句意“那些房屋被毁的人”可知,空格处应用定语从句“those whose homes”,先行词为those,代指人,homes为可数名词复数形式,意为“房屋”,在从句中作主语,先行词在从句中作定语,修饰homes,故用关系代词whose引导从句。故填those whose homes。
40、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。
This is ________ every student likes reading.
答案:such an interesting book as
考查as引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句,关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的结构有such…as,the same…as,as…as结构中,此时as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;此处as在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用an interesting book。故填such an interesting book as。
语法填空
41、When you recite, you read aloud a poem or piece of literature ________ you have learned. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that
考查定语从句。句意:当你背诵时,你大声朗读你所学的一首诗或一篇文学作品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是a poem or piece of literature,指物,在从句中作learn的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
42、It is my father _____________ will have a face-to-face talk with me. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查强调句。句意:是我的父亲将和我进行一次面对面的谈话。去掉it is和空处,剩下的成分可以构成完整的句子,可知为强调句:It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分,被强调部分为my father,故填that/who。
43、His village __________(flood) in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents’ house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had been flooded
考查时态和语态。句意:他的村庄被大雨淹没了,所以他搬到了父母家。分析句子,moved使用过去式形式,为一般过去时,结合语意,“他的村庄被淹没”这一动作发生在“他搬到父母家”之前,为“过去的过去”,所以空处应用过去完成时,且flood与主语his village之间是被动关系,应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been flooded。
44、The feeling of helping someone else ________(affect)them all—they cannot stop talking about it, and they ________(search)for others they can help for four days! (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: has affected have been searching
考查时态。句意:帮助别人的感觉影响了他们,他们无法停止谈论这件事,四天来他们一直在寻找可以帮助的人!分析句子并由破折号解释说明可知,第一空应用现在完成时,且The feeling和affect为主动关系,所以应填has affected;第二空由for four days且结合句意可知,应用现在完成进行时,表动作还一直持续,所以应填have been searching。故填has affected;have been searching。
45、The_____ (long) of the article should be about 800 words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:length
考查名词。句意:文章的长度应该在800字左右。分析句子结构可知,空处需用名词作主语,long的名词为length“长度”,此处特指这篇文章的长度,名词需用单数。故填length。
46、I was shocked ______(hear) that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to hear
考查不定式。句意:听说科比和他的女儿在那次可怕的空难中丧生,我很震惊。根据“be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊”用法可知,该空应填不定式to hear做原因状语。故填to hear。
47、A country _______ gains independence has its own government and is not ruled by any other country. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:一个获得独立的国家有自己的政府,不受任何其他国家的统治。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词country,在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
48、His bad conduct had an effect ________ his reputation. (用适当的词填空)
答案:on
考查介词。句意:他的不良行为影响了他的声誉。have an effect on“对……有影响”是固定短语。介词on表示“关于”。故填on。
49、They felt it difficult __________(finish) the work in such a short time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to finish
考查非谓语动词。句意:他们觉得在这么短的时间里完成工作是很困难的。分析句子结构可知,句中用运用了it作形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的to do.....结构,又因与the work是动宾关系,应使用不定式的一般式。故填to finish。
50、He got up late and hurried to his office, ________ (leave) the breakfast untouched. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:leaving
考查现在分词做状语。句意:他起得很晚,匆匆赶到办公室,早餐还没动。固定短语:leave sth.undone某事没有被做。分析句子可知,本句的谓语为get up和hurry,所以动词leave要用非谓语,主语he和leave为主谓关系,所以leave用现在分词作结果状语,表示理所应当的结果。故填leaving。
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