高中英语-Unit同步讲练与单元自测练习牛津版必修1.doc

必修一Unit 1 School lifeWelcome to the unit & Reading精讲典析1. In this unit, you ill listen to a headmaster talking about school activities. 在本单元，你将听一位校长谈论学校生活。(page 1)(1) listen to与hear一样都可跟复合宾语。 现在分词We do this in a group and listen to each other talking about poems in our group meeting.我们以小组从事这项活动，并且相互倾听各位在小组会上谈论诗歌。(page 18)I could hear someone crying for help in the distance. 我能听到远处有人在呼救。不带to的不定式We then listened to the boy read the lesson written on the blackboard.然后我们就听那男孩朗读写在黑板上的课文。I heard a car drive off. 我听到一辆车开走了。( 2 )辨析：listen to和hear接复合宾语时在用法上相似，但在意义上区别较大；listen to强调过程，而hearx则揭示结果。例如：She listened to him speak on the stage but could not hear him saying anything because of too much noise. 她听他在台上发言, 但因为噪声太大没能听到他说什么。I heard them talking but I didnt want to listen to them talking about that.我听见他们在谈话, 但我不想听他们在谈这事。2. What is your dream school life like? 你理想中的学校生活是什么样的？(page 1)What is. like? 意为“怎么样”。例如：What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？like 的其他用法 它作行为动词时意为“喜欢”或“想要”。例如：She never likes swimming. 她从不喜欢游泳。I dont like bothering him when hes busy. 他忙的时候，我不愿意打扰他。 它作介词时意为“像”或“相似”，常与 look, sound, feel, taste, seem 等词连用。例如：At last he felt like a real soldier. 他终于感觉像一名真正的战士了。This sounded like my school in China. 这听起来跟我在中国的学校一样。(page 2, line 11) 它与 would 连用时表示一种主观愿望。表示“想要做某事”时，后面接名词、代词或动词不定式(to do)，不能跟动词的 -ing 形式。例如： We would like a cup of tea. 我们想喝杯茶。A: Would you like to join us in the game? 你愿意和我们一起来玩游戏吗？B: Im afraid not, for I have something important to attend to. 我恐怕不能去，因为我有更重要的事要去做。3. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 我在英国上了一年的中学，那是一段令我非常开心、非常兴奋的经历。(page 2, lines 12)(1) Going to a British high school 是动名词短语，在句中做主语。动名词做主语往往表示抽象的或习惯性的行为，且谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Playing football every day makes him strong. 天天踢足球使得他的身体很强壮。(2) experience 的用法 它在此句中为可数名词，意为“经历”；它为不可数名词时表示“经验”。例如：Please tell me your experiences in Australia. 请告诉我你在澳大利亚的经历。He is a teacher full of teaching experience. 他是一位教学经验丰富的老师。 它作及物动词时表示“经历”、“感受”或“体验”。例如：I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. (page 3, line 47) 我很幸运能够体验到这样一种不同的生活方式。4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. 这就意味着我可以比往常晚起床一个小时，因为中国的学校上午8点之前就开始上课了。(page 2, lines 45)(1) mean 的用法 它作动词时表示“意思是”或“意味着”。例如：What does this sentence mean? 这个句子的意思是什么？What do you mean by that? 你那样说是什么意思？ 它用于结构 mean to do sth. 时表示“打算做”。例如：I meant to finish my homework yesterday. 我原打算昨天把作业做完的。 它用于结构 mean doing sth. 时表示“意味着”。例如：Arguing with such a person means wasting your time. 跟这样一个人争吵意味着浪费时间。(2) than usual 意为“比往常”。注意，不要把它与 as usual 混淆，后者意为“像往常一样”。(3) 辨析：as, because as 在此句中作连词，意为“因为”或“由于”，引导原因状语从句，表示的是不言而喻、为人所知的、显而易见的原因和理由。例如：I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful. (page 2, lines 2223)我感到幸运，因为所有的老师都非常热心地帮助我。My English improved a lot as I used English every day. (page 3, line 26) 由于我每天使用英语，我的英语有了很大进步。 because 意为“因为”时指直接原因，语气强烈，常表示必然的因果关系。引导的因状语从句是全句意思的重心，一般放在主句的后面。当回答以 why 引起的特殊疑问句时，只能用 because。例如：I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3:30 p.m. 我对英国中学的作息时间非常满意，因为学校上午大约9点上课，下午大约3点半放学。(page 2, lines 24)5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. 他还告诉我们：要想赢得全体师生的尊重，最佳途径就是努力学习，获得高分。(page 2, lines 911)(1) a way to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”或“手段”。该结构还可改为 a way of doing sth.。此句可改为：He also told us that the best way of earning respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.(2) earn 的用法 意为“(工作)赚(钱等)”或“挣得”。例如：Do you know how much your father earns a year? 你知道你父亲一年挣多少钱吗？ 意为“得到(名声、地位等)”或“获得”，常用于 earn sb. sth. 这个句型。例如：The old mans good manners earned him peoples respect. 老人的彬彬有礼使他获得了人们的尊重。 用于习语 earn ones living (by. / as.)时，意为“(靠)谋生”。例如：He earns his living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸谋生。He earns his living as a writer. 他靠写作谋生。(3) 动词不定式作定语和作表语的用法 to earn respect from the school 在句中作 the best way 的后置定语。又如：Have you seen the car to be repaired? 你看到那辆要修理的小汽车了吗？ to work hard and achieve high grades 在从句中作表语。当动词表示的动作是某个特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为时，通常用不定式作表语。例如：Our plan is to finish the work next week. 我们的计划是下个星期完成这项工作。6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我过去所在的学校那么繁重，但是对我来说起初有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都要用英语完成。(page 2, lines 2022)(1) used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事。例如：I used to smoke, but now I dont do that any longer. 我过去经常抽烟，但是现在我不再那样做了。use的常见习惯用法 be / get used to sth. 表示“已经习惯于某事”；be / get used to doing sth. 表示“已经习惯于做某事”。注意，不能用 be / get used to do sth.，因为这里的 to 是介词而不是不定式符号。例如：I have been used to the noisy environment. 我已经习惯这个嘈杂的环境了。I get used to getting up early in the morning. 我已经习惯了早起。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。例如：The room was used to hold meetings. 这个房间曾被用来开会。 make good / full use of 意为“好好/充分利用”。例如：We must make the best possible use of the resources we have. 我们必须充分利用现有的资源。 its no using doing sth. 意为“做某事是没用的”。例如：Its no using arguing with hershe wont listen. 跟她争论没有用她不会听的。(2) 辨析：a bit, a little a bit 和 a little 都有“一点”的意思。两者常可换用，均可用作程度状语，修饰形容词。例如：He came a little / a bit late. 他来晚了一点。Cant you walk a bit / a little faster? 难道你不能走得快一点吗？ a little 可以用作形容词，直接修饰不可数名词，a bit 则需要与 of 构成短语后才能修饰名词。例如：Give me a bit of water, please. Give me a little water, please.请给我一点水。 not a little 和 not a bit 的含义不同。前者意为“很多”或“不少”(=much)；后者意为“一点也不”或“一点也没有”(=not at all)。试比较：Im not a little cold. 我很冷。Im not a bit cold. 我一点也不冷。7. My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. 由于我每天都使用英语并且每天花一个小时在图书馆里读英语书，所以我的英语进步很大。(page 3, lines 2627)(1) 辨析：a lot, a lot of, lots of a lot 可以用作名词，充当宾语。例如：We have a lot to do. 我们有很多事情要做。 a lot 还可以用作副词，修饰动词或比较级。作副词用时，也可作“非常”或“特别”解，用作程度状语时，相当于 very much。例如：She is a lot cleverer than I am. 她比我聪明得多。Monkeys like bananas a lot. 猴子特别喜欢吃香蕉。 a lot of 和 lots of 多用于肯定句，后面既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词。例如：He has a lot of friends.He has lots of friends. 他有许多朋友。There is a lot of meat in the shopping basket.There is lots of meat in the shopping basket. 购物篮里有许多肉。 在疑问句和否定句中常用 many 或 much 代替 a lot of 或 lots of。例如：Are there many people in the park? 那公园里有许多人吗？There isnt much ink in the bottle. 这瓶子里墨水并不多。(2) 辨析：spend, cost, pay, take spend 表示“花费”时，其主语是表示人的名词或代词；表示“把时间或金钱花在某事/物上”习惯用 spend time / money on sth.；表示“把时间或金钱花在做某事上”习惯用 spend time / money (in) doing sth.。例如：I have spent a lot of money on this project. 我在这个项目上已经花了很多钱。I spend much time (in) learning English. 我把很多时间花在学英语上。 “sth. cost sb. + 金钱”意为“花某人多少钱”。cost 通常用物作主语。例如：The book costs me 16 yuan. 这本书花了我 16 元。 “sb. pays + 金钱 + for sth.”意为“某人为某物支付金钱”。pay 的主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。例如：She paid forty-five yuan for the dictionary. 她为这本词典支付了45元钱。 “it takes (sb.) + 时间 + to do sth.”意为“做花费多少时间”。it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：It takes me two hours to walk home from my company. 从公司走路回家要花我两个小时。8. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. 我学着如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，因此烹饪课的确有意思。(page 3, lines 3031)(1) fun 为不可数名词，表示“笑话”，“乐趣”或“有趣的事物或人”。它的形容词形式为funny。例如：What fun it is to go skiing on the top of the mountain. 去山顶滑雪是件多么有趣的事情。fun 的常用短语有 for fun(开玩笑地，为了乐趣), have fun(玩得愉快), make fun of(嘲笑，取笑)等。(2) prepare 意为“使做好准备”；prepare sb. / oneself for sth. 意为“使某人/自己为某事做好准备”。例如：My mother is preparing lunch in the kitchen, and Im washing my hands to prepare for the meal. 我妈妈正在厨房做饭，而我在洗手，为吃饭做准备。9. Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can drop some subjects if they dont like them, for example, History, French and Art. 在那所学校上学的学生必须学习数学、英语和自然科学，但可以放弃一些他们不喜欢的科目，例如：历史、法语和艺术。(page 3, lines 3537)(1) drop 的用法 它作名词时意为“下降”或“(液体的)滴”。例如：There will be a drop in temperature in 3 days. 3 天内气温会下降。You can find some rain drops on the glass. 你可以在玻璃上找到一些雨滴。 它作动词时意为“使落下”、“使下降”或“放弃”。例如：She dropped her cup and broke it into pieces. 她失手跌碎了杯子。When the doorbell rang, the little girl dropped the game and ran to the door. 当门铃响起时，这个小女孩终止了游戏，朝门跑去。(2) 辨析：for example, such as for example 作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中和句末。例如：His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. 他的拼写太糟糕了！比如就看这个词吧。They like ball games, for example, they like basketball. 他们喜欢球类运动，如他们喜欢篮球。 such as 用来对同类人或事物举例。注意，用了 such as 以后不能再用 and so 或 etc。例如：They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. 他们可以选择其他科目，像木工、计算机科学或语言课，比如西班牙语和德语。(page 3, lines 3739)They like ball games such as basketball, football and volleyball. 他们喜欢球类运动，例如篮球、足球、排球。 10. I am interested in reading novels. 我喜欢看小说。(page 5)辨析：be interested in, enjoy, like, be fond of, love 这些词都有“喜欢”或“喜爱”的意思，但用法不同。 be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”。interested 意为“感兴趣的”，常用于be interested in 这一结构，其主语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示物的名词或代词。它还可以用作定语，只修饰表示人的名词或代词，不能修饰表示物的名词或代词。例如：I am interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。She is interested in playing badminton. 她对打羽毛球感兴趣。如果强调的是动作过程而非已存在的状态时，则用become / get interested in结构。例如:In 1998, he went to Oxford University where he got interested in Chinese culture. 1998年他上牛津大学，在那儿他开始对中国文化感兴趣。(page 9) be fond of 表示“喜爱”时，意义比 like 强烈，但比 love 弱。例如：Im fond of light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。She is fond of drawing. 她喜欢绘画。 enjoy 和 like 可以通用，都可以跟动名词，但 enjoy 在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”，后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。enjoy 还可以与反身代词连用，即 enjoy oneself，表示“玩得很高兴”。而 like 可以跟动词不定式。一般来讲，like 后面接动名词表示一种习惯性的“喜爱”，而接不定式时表示暂时性地“想干某事”。例如：I enjoy skating in the winter.我喜欢在冬天滑冰。The man is enjoying his dinner. 那个男人正在津津有味地吃饭。My father enjoys listening to the radio. 我父亲爱听广播。Did the children enjoy themselves in the park? 孩子们在公园里玩得愉快吗？He likes running, but he doesnt like to run this morning. 他喜欢跑步，但今天早上他不想跑步。 love 是“热爱”的意思，在感情上比其他的词更为强烈，表示“特别喜欢”。例如：We love our country. 我们热爱祖国。She likes him, but doesnt love him. 她喜欢他，可并不爱他。11.I do like eating dessert after meals as you mentioned in your article.正如在你文章提到的那样，在饭后我的确喜欢吃甜食。(page 5)do在此是助动词，强调动词like，用以加强语气。起强调作用时常用于加强礼貌的祈使语气(可理解为“千万、务必”)和陈述句(可理解为“的确、确实”)，仅用在一般现在时和一般过去时中。例如：Do tell me! 一定要告诉我！。He does want to act on this. 他确实想对此采取行动。He did look tired. 他看起来确实累了。课堂作业I. 根据课文内容及题目要求回答问题。1. Find a phrase closest in meaning to the word “drop”. _2. Why was it difficult for Wei Hua to remember the names of her classmates? (回答词数不超过 15 个)_3. Why did Wei Hua like the small table very much? (回答词数不超过 6 个)_. 根据课文内容及你的学校生活实际情况完成表格。School life in UKSchool life in ChinaSimilarityWork hard and achieve high grades to 1 respect from the school 2 School timeStarts around 9 a.m.Starts before 6 a.m.Ends about 3:30 p.m.Ends about 7 p.m.The average size of class29 students in a classOver 8 .AboutclassroomsDifferent classrooms for different classesThe same classroom for all classes 3 Not heavy; In English 9 Subjects Can drop and choose some subjectsCant dropFood Eat a lot of 4 after the main mealDelicious, no desserts.About teachersAt ease with teachersAfraid of the teachersAbout schoolbagsThere are 5 outside the classroom.Carried the schoolbag home every day About buildingsLow-riseHigh, about 10 floorsIII. 单项选择。1. Joe is a computer fanhe likes B the Internet all the time and B computer games.A. surfing; playsB. surfing; playing C. playing; surfsD. playing; surfing2. Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? A , but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (2008 全国卷)A. Id like toB. I like it C. I dontD. I will3. Life here is much easier than it _ C_ .A. is about to B. thanks toC. used to be D. belong to4. More than 5,000 people _B_ the meeting. Thats really a grand meeting! A. took B. attended C. took part D. joined 5. Birmingham is the largest city in Britain _C_ London.A. near B. nearby C. next to D. beside6. I am sure David will be able to find the libraryhe has a pretty good _D_ of direction. (2005 浙江卷)A. ideaB. feelingC. experience D. sense7. Usually the words A in the text are key words for us to pay attention to. A. in bold B. by word C. of italics D. with capital letters8. I remember having met him at a friends wedding, but we _B_ then.A. were not introduced B. did not introduce C. havent introduced D. hadnt been introduced9. All the pupils in the primary school are A teachers. A. at ease with B. easy with C. at ease to D. easy to 10.Although medical science D control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江苏卷)A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieveD. had achieved. 选用所给词汇的正确形式填空。average, attend, earn, challenging, extra, prepare, article achieve, miss, introduce1. The university has achieved all its goals this year.2. He usually said that he would give when he had some _extra _ money.3. Will you help me _prepare _ for the get-together of the old classmates?4. We have changed the course to make it more challenging.5. They shook hands all around and introduced each other.6. What is the _average _ rainfall for August in your country?7. Many students _attended _ the lecture given by a Professor Zhang.8. Everyone wants to earn respect from others.9. Did you read the article on Europe in todays paper?10. Her children have gone to Australia, and she misses them very much.完成译文 根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词） 1. 当时, 一家人在听那个女孩子唱歌。The family were listening to the girl singing at that time.2. 她发现他不自在。She found that he was not at ease.3. 上海春天的天气怎么样？What is the weather like in spring in Shanghai?4. 我很高兴经历了一种不同的生活方式。 I am pleased to experience a different way of life. 5. 发短信给 1659,你就会免费获得一个精美礼品。Send the short message to 1659 and you will get a wonderful gift for free.6. 我双亲常在南美洲住, 假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到那里去。 When my parents lived in South America, I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays.7. 她受到所有同事的尊敬。She was respected by everyone she worked with.8. 我对他的回答很满意。I am happy with his answer.Word power& Grammar and usage精讲典析1. I am going to be late for my appointment with the headmaster, so Id better hurry. 我和校长的约会要迟到了，所以我最好快点儿。(pag