名词从句.doc

名 词 性 从 句

一、概念：连接带词和连接副词等引导的从句在句中充当名词的作用，称为名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接连词：that, whether, if , as if ,because（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
一）主语从句
① That she was chosen made us very happy. that引导的从句充当主语， 我们称在句中充当主语的
从句为主语从句。
② What cause the accident is a complete mystery. What引导的从句充当主语
③ Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
④ It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.
注: 有时为了句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。
二）表语从句
① The fact is that they are cross with each other. that 引导的从句充当表语，我们称that引导的从句为
表语从句
② The reason is that you don’t trust her.
③That’s how I look at it
④That’s why I object to the plan.
⑤The coat is where you left it.
三）宾语从句
① He said that he didn’t want to know. that引导的从句充当①句子的宾语从句。
② She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.
③He asked me how I was getting along with my studies.
注：有时要用it做形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。
⑤He has made it clear that he will not give in.
⑥You may depend on it that they are valuable.
2) do you think /believe/suppose /expect / imagine 后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside?
四) 同位语从句
一般位于名词的后面（fact, news, idea ,truth, hope, problem, information, suggestion, advice.引导词一般用that, 少数情况下会用（whether, if, who, which, what, where ……）.
① The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
that引导的从句对前面的名词起说明或解释的作用。而且，引导的从句也相当于名词的作用，他的作用与 idea 相同，所以我们称之为同位语从句。
② They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
二、考察名词性从句的四个方面。
1、名词性从句要使用陈述句语序。
在名词性从句中，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，名词性从句均要使用陈述句语序。
①No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years.　
②Do you know how much money he spent?
2．选词
1) that 与what: that 所引导的从句中不从当任何成分.what 在它所引导从句中充当的是主语或是
宾语或是表语.
What ( he needs) is money. 从句中缺少宾语.因此用what
2) if 和whether whether或if引导的宾语从句，从句意思为“是否……，能否……”，这里的if从句不可混淆于以if (如果，假如)引导的条件状语从句。Whether 引导主语从句，表语从句,同位语从句和宾语从句。而if 只能引导宾语从句。如：① He asked if (whether) you have received his letter. 他问你是否收到了他的来信。
This depends on whether he is interested (or not). 这得看他是否感兴趣。
注意：在宾语从局中，介词后的宾语从句须用whether引导，不可用if引导。
whether可构成whether...or not或whether or not...结构，在非常不正式的场合下，也可能有if...or not结构，但无if or not...结构。
3) Who 和 whoever。Whoever＝any who, whoever不仅在从句中充当主语，而且充当主句的主语。而who 只能充当从句的主语。
Whoever save the girl is worth praising.
4)What 和whatever。
What 和 whatever都在从句中充当的是主语，宾语和表语。Whatever 比what的语气要强烈些。Whatever= any that what 表示什么的，而whatever表示任何的。
① What I need is money.
② You can’t give whatever he wants.
5) that 和why。
that 表示原因时，引导表语从句。而why引导的从句充当reason 的定语。
①The reason for his absense is that he is ill.
②The reason why he left school is that his family is poor.
注意：Because 一般不引导表语从句，除了下面的结构中 This/That/It is because ----.
3．同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
that引导名词性从句时，在句子中不充当任何成分。 而that 引导定语从句中充当的是主语或宾语。
① The news that Mr.Brown will be our new English teacher is true.
从句that引导的 从句中，可以看出该从句不缺少任何成分。
② The news that he told me yesterday is true.
③ I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich
④ The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
从句中，可以看出that的从句缺少主语，因此that 引导的是定语从句。
⑤ The robot will do everything that we human do.
4．宾语从句的时态 (在宾语从句中的时态是前面用什么时态，后面就用什么时态。除了宾语从句表的是自然规律用一般现在时。
① The teacher told us that the moon travels around the moon. 月亮围绕地球转，是客观事实。
② I'm certain (that) he is at home now.
③ He made it clear that he didn't like the job.
5. 注名词性从句的语气
1) 在 It is important/necessary/ strange/natural that 引导的从句中，从句中的谓语动词用should+原形动词表虚拟语气，且should 可以省略。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once
It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
2) 在表示“命令，要求，建议”的动词后的宾语从句和名词后的同位语从句的谓语动词用should+原形动词表虚拟语气，且should 可以省略。如动词advise, suggest, propose, demand, order, insist, recommend, require,以及相应的名词advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, insistence, recommendation, requirement。
They suggested that the meeting be (should) put off until next week.
We are all for the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.

高一名词性从句专练
1. Well, _____ I don’t like the newcomer is none of your business.
A. what B. that C. who D. how
2. ---Dad, can you give me some advice?
---Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _____ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why
3. ---Could you do me a favor, Mr. Brown?
---It depends on it is.
A. which B. that C. what D. who
4. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
5. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
6. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s ______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
7. Please remind me ______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
　A. where B. when C. how D. what
8. The order _______ the political prisoner should be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
11. Is _____ the cowboy said really true?
   A. that  B. what  C. why   D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
   A. That  B. Whether  C. If   D. Where
13. It worried my mother a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
   A. what     B. if      C. that   D. for
14. _____ more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
   A. Whether   B. That   C. Who   D. If
15.______ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
   A. What  B. That   C. Whether   D. If
16. We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever
17. _____ is not a dream that we can travel abroad easily.
A. What B. As C. That D. It
18. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand what he said
A. What; that B. What; what C. That; that D. Why; that
19. ---Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer?
---I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
20. ______ stole the MP3 player is still a complete mystery.
   A. Who    B. That     C. How    D. Whom
21. Danny and John were on a trip to Canada. The thought ____ they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
22. The girls were surprised at the fact ____ the ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
23. A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
24. There is much chance _____ Yao Ming will recover from his injury in time for the finals.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
25. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
26. The order ___ we received yesterday was ___ we’d send some doctors to the flooded areas.
A. which; which B. that; what C. which; that D. that; which
27. The order ___ we should send some doctors to the flooded areas was received yesterday.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
28. _____ moved us most was_____ he looked after the old man for more than twenty years.
   A. That; that   B. What; that   C What; what   D. That; what
29. _______ you did it is not known to all.
  A. Who        B. What     C. How      D. Which
30. It is widely believed ____ smoking can cause cancer.
A. that    B. whether      C. why       D. how
31. The reason I plan to go is ______ she will be disappointed if I don’t.
  A. because    B. that       C. thanks to   D. what
32. ---I drove to Beijing for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
33. Nobody believed his reason for being absent _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
34. ______ is still a question ______ will win.
  A. It; that   B. It; who   C. That; who   D. This; that
35. If you know ______ it was that wrote A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.
  A. whom   B. which    C. who   D. that
36. ---It’s thirty years since we last met.
   ---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _____we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which  B. that  C. what  D. when
37. Thinking _______ you know _______ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.
  A. that; that   B. what; what   C. that; what   D. what; that
38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just ______ worries the public.
  A. why       B. which      C. that      D. what
39. Why don’t you bring _______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
  A. that     B. what    C. that      D. it
40._____ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s _____ she’s made up her mind to marry him.
  A. Whatever; why   B. No matter what; why C. What; because   D. Whatever; how
41. That is______ my grandfather was born and grew up.
  A. There   B. in which    C. where     D. the place
42. ______ Jenny was invited to the ball made her very happy.
  A. What   B. That       C. When      D. Because
43. Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
44. ---Have you found your book yet?
  ---No, I’m not sure ______ I could have left it.
  A. whether  B. where    C. when    D. why
45. The doctor couldn’t answer the question _____ the patient could survive that night.
  A. if      B. that      C. whether   D. what
46. ---I don’t know how to choose the right dictionary.
---I think choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.
 A. how B. why C. what D. whether
47. ---What were you trying to prove to the police?
  ---_______ I was last night.
  A. That   B. When      C. Where    D. What
48. I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ he liked me.
  A. who   B. which     C. that       D. what
49. At the meeting, we discussed the problem ______ we should employ more workers.
  A. if    B. whether     C. that       D. /
50. ---Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales, please?
  ---Hold on, please.
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
51. I am sure ________ he said is true.
A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what
52. Where do you think ________?
A. has he gone B. has he been C. he's gone D. was he
53. ---What did your parents think about your decision?
---They always let me do _______ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
54. There is much chance ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
　A. that B. which C. until D. if
55. Last Sunday my father made a promise _____ he was free he would take me to Shanghai.
A. if B. that C. that if D. whether
56. This is ____ the question lies.
A. what B. that C. where D. how
57. ______ people spend so much money on their pets _______ us a lot.
A. How; are surprised B. What; surprising C. That; surprises D. That; is surprised
58. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________.
　A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
　C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
59. He is absent from school. It is ______ he is seriously ill.
A. why B. because C. that D. the reason
60. My suggestion is ____ our teacher ____ strict with us.
A. what; should be B. that; be C. which; would be D. where; was
61.______ has a good education can apply for the job.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever
62.______ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What
63._____ worries me is ______ we’re going to pay for all this.
A. It; that B. That; how C. What; how D. As; that
64. ______ is widely believed that paper was invented in China.
A. As B. Which C. It D. That
65. ---Do you remember ________ he came?
---Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
66. Jane is no longer ______ she was four years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
67. ______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
68. Please tell me _______ you would like to have your coffee---black or white?
A. what B. where C. which D. how
69. Great changes have taken place here, and ____ wasn’t possible years ago is now possible.
A. where B. that C. what D. it
70. Some of the scientists held the point _______ the book said was right.
A. what what B. what what C. that that D. that what
71. The news ____ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.
A. which B. when C. that D. how
72. I don’t trust his promise _____ he will buy me a new car.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
73. She received the message _____ he would come by plane.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
74. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
75. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
76. Mr. Brown finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago.
A. who            B. what            C. how           D. which
77. The news ____ he was made Chairman of the Student’s Union surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
78. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C. /