高中英语-Unit-2-Poems期末知识梳理-新人教版选修6.doc

人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 2 Poems期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.convey
2.nursery
3.concrete
4.diamond
5.pattern
6.salty
7.endless
8.translation
9.branch
10.transform
11.bare
12.forever
13.exchange
14.darkness
15.warmth
II.核心短语
1.__________out of 用完
2.be__________into 被译成
3.make__________有意义；讲得通
4.take it__________轻松；不紧张
5.in__________尤其；特别
6.by__________偶然地
7.hold__________别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
8.try__________试验；考验
9.stay__________熬夜
10.let__________泄露；发出；放走
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. aspect n.方面;样子;外表
[典例]
1) You are looking at only one aspect of the problem．你只是看到问题的一个方面。
2) They considered the plan in all its aspects．他们考虑了计划的各个方面。
2. convey v.传达;运送
[典例]
1) The workers are busy in conveying the supplies to the warehouse
工人们正忙于把物资运送到仓库
2) I can't convey my feelings in words. 我的情感难以言表。
3) The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.
大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。
3. concrete adj.具体的 n.混凝土；凝结物
[典例]
1) You need to offer concrete evidences to support your idea.你需要用具体的事实支持你的想法。
2) Concrete is very strong and is used in many modern buildings.
混凝土很结实，经常被用在许多现代建筑物中。
tease v.取笑;招惹;戏弄
[典例]
1) It’s not polite to tease the disabled.取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
2) Nobody likes to be teased about any shortcoming.没有人会喜欢被别人嘲笑自己的缺点。
[同义短语]
laugh at /make fun of /play jokes on/play trick on
4. pattern n.模式;式样;图案
[典例]
1) A good tailor can make a dress without a pattern. 好的裁缝不用纸样就能做衣服。
2) She is a pattern of all the classmates.她是所有同学的典范。
5. underline v.在下面画线;强调
[典例]
1) While reading the article, you should underline some sentences puzzling you.
阅读时，你应该将让你感到疑惑的句子划下来。
2) Pay attention to the underlined parts.注意划线的部分。
3) The teacher underlined the discipline the first day we went to school.
开学第一天，老师就给我们强调了纪律。
6. exchange v.交换，交流 n.交换, 交流, 交易
[典例]
1) exchange Christmas gifts交换圣诞节礼物
2) exchange experience交流经验
3) exchange greetings互相问候
4) exchange seats with sb. 与某人调换一个座位
5) an exchange of views交换意见
6) exchange professor交流讲学教授
7) exchange student(两国间)交换的留学生
[重点用法]
exchange sth. for sth.把…换成…
exchange sth. with sb.和某人互换
7. sponsor n.赞助人；主办者 vt.发起，举办，倡议
[典例]
1) The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture. 这个展览会是由文化学会主办的。
2) Have you found out the sponsor of our basketball match.你找到我们篮球比赛的赞助商了吗?
II.重点词组
1. take it easy从容, 不紧张, 松懈, 轻松
[典例]
1) There is enough time. Take it easy.别紧张，还有足够的时间。
2) I want to take it easy when I am on holiday.假期我想好好放松下。
[短语归纳]
take things easy不紧张；轻松轻松从容不迫地进行工作
I'm easy. 我随便[好办]。
2. make up of(多用于被动)构成
[典例]
1) The committee is made up of 12 members.这个委员会由12名成员构成。
2) Our class is made up of 45 students and 7 teachers.我们班是由45名学生和7位老师构成的。
[短语归纳]
consist of 由……组成(不能用于被动)
be made of用……材料制成(可见材料)
be made from用……材料制成(看不见材料)
make…into..把…作成…
3. try out 试验, 考验,
[典例]
1) The government are trying out a new method to solve the economy crisis.
2) Let’s try out the new typewriter.
[短语归纳]
try on试穿
carry out实施
4. let out发出, 泄露
[典例]
1) She let out a cry of surprise.她发出惊讶的声音。
2) She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.她答应不会向新闻方面泄露这个计划。
[短语归纳]
leave out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑
bring out使显示, 出版,
make out理解, 辨认出
III.重点句型
1. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions.
有的诗歌以一种令读者印象深刻的方式讲述故事或描述事情。而有些诗歌是为了传递某些情感。
[解释] some…others…一些……而另一些…
[典例]In the summer camp, some members are from Africa. Others are from Asia.夏令营活动中，有些营员来自非洲，有些来自亚洲。
2. And said though strange they all were true.而且说，虽然奇怪，但它们都是真的。
[解释]though strange是省略句，在句中充当让步状语。相当于though they were strange。
在一些状语从句中，如时间，条件，让步状从中，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致或者为it，而且从句的谓语部分有动词be，就可以把从句的主语和动词be连同省略。
[典例]
1) Whenever in difficulty(=whenever you are in difficulty), don’t hesitate to ask me for help.
无论什么时候有困难，都不要犹豫，立即找我帮忙。
2) If necessary, I will leave for Guangzhou to help you.如果有必要，我回去广州帮你。
三、语法突破
虚拟语气 (II)

从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

虚拟语气用于主语从句中
常用“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”的句型表示，主语从句中的动词形式通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构。should也可省略。
It is necessary that you(should)attend the meeting．你有必要参加这个会议。
It is arranged that they leave the following week.安排好他们下星期动身。

可用的词有三类
1）suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
2）important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
3）a pity, a shame, no wonder等
It is important that we (should)speak politely.
我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
It is essential that she these application forms be sent back as early as possible.
将这些申请表格尽快地反馈回来是很必要的。
It is strange that he should say that．很奇怪，他竟然说出那种话。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议推迟开会的日期。
虚拟语气用于宾语从句中

在表示命令、建议、要求，如ask, arrange, insist beg, advise, command,deserve, suggest,
direct,desire,request, require,
demand,determine, propose, intend, suppose 等后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用”should+动词原形” 来表示虚拟语气。
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
I demanded that Bob go there at once．我要求鲍勃立即去那儿。
He ordered that the work (should)be started at once．他命令立即开始工作。

注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗
示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。例如：

He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为他做的对。
His expression suggested that he was angry.他表情表明他很生气。

虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句中
当advise, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, motion, necessity, plan, insistence, instrution,preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, requirement,suggestion, 等名词后接接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气。

The professor gave order that the test be finished before 7:30.
教授指示考试须在七点半以前结束。
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提个建议，下周我们开个会。
My suggestion is that we should get down to our work immediately．我的建议是立即开始工作。
We all agree to your proposal that we should put on a short play next week．我们都赞成你的建议，下周上演一个短剧。
状语从句中的虚拟语气的情况

1）as if 或as though（好象......似的）引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中。虚拟语气的形式是：用过去时表示与现在事实相反或或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。

It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.她看上去对此一无所知。
He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep．他工作非常努力，好像他从来不想睡觉似的。
He talks (talked) as if he had been to American before.看他谈话的样子仿佛他以前去过美国似的。
She cried as if her heart would break．她哭得心都要碎了。
He talks as if he would go the moon some day.他起话来，好象将有一天要去月球似的。
虚拟语气用于目的状语从句中

在lest, for fear that, in case 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气；在so that, in order that 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形”外，还可以用“might, could+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。
He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exam.他尽最大努力学习，以便通过考试 。
He stayed at home for a few days so that he might have more time to study it.他在家里呆了几天，以便会有更多的时间来研究这个问题。
Providing (Supposing) the weather were bad, when would you go? 假定天气不好的话，你去哪儿呢？
She’s studying hard for fear that he should fall behind.
她努力学习，生怕跟不上。
虚拟语气用于让步状语从句中

在让步状语从句中，谓语动词多用动词原形来构成虚拟语气。
注：由even if 或even though引导的让步状语从句中，其从句的谓语动词形式与含有非真实条件从句的主从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟语气。
Whatever book you may read, read it carefully.不管你读什么书，都要用心。
No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.不管你怎么说，我认为对的事我一定要做。

虚拟语气用于定语从句中

在It is (high, about)time(that)…句型中，that引导的定语从句中的谓语常用一般过去时来构成虚拟语气。
It’s about time that we put an end to this controversy.
现在该是我们停止这场争论的时候了。
例：It is time we went to bed.
我们该去睡觉了。
注意
但本句型必须与“It（This） is （was）the first （second，...）time that+谓语动词用现在(过去)完成时+......）”区别开来：
It is the first time that I have been on the plane.这是我第一次乘飞机。

虚拟语气用于if only 引导的从句中

在if only引导的从句中，谓语动词须采用虚拟语气，其用法与wish后宾语从句的用法基本相同，表示“但愿”，“要是…就好了”的意思。
If only I knew what you wanted.
要是我知道你需要什么就好了。
例：If only he had arrived in time,he would not have been punished.
他要是准时到达就好了。
含蓄虚拟条件句

1、在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构。
Having known in time(=If we had known in time)，we might have prevented the accident．如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免这起事故了。
United(=If they had been united)，they wouldn't have been defeated．他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。

2、用but for......或without等介词短语来代替条件从句。意为“如果没有”。but for相当于If it had not been for......，表示与过去事实相反的情况，可与without互换；但当without所表示的情况是与现在事实相反时，二者则不能互换。
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.要没有那位船长的努力，就会连船带人都沉没了。
But for(=Without) John, Jane would have fallen into water.如果没有约翰珍妮可能会掉进水里。
But for their help(=If it were not for their help)，we could not get over the difficulties.要不是他们的帮助．我们是克服不了这些困难的。

3、用otherwise（or，or else），though，although等表示与上下文所指的情况不同，从而引出虚拟语气。例如：

He was very busy doing his experiments in physics, otherwise(or else) he would have given you much help.他当时正忙于做物理实验，否则他会给你很大帮助的。
I'm really busy，otherwise(=if I weren't so busy),I would certainly go with you．我确实
太忙了。不然的话。我一定和你一块去。
Einstein had little concern for money, though(although) he could have been a very rich man.尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人，但他对金钱不感兴趣。

4、用介词短语表示虚拟结构。常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with without，in，under，but for等。它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。

Without air，there would be no living things．(without air，if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。
With her help (=If I had her help)，I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。
Under the leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment would have failed．(Under…=If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person) 假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。
I would have lost my head in that position．(in that position=if I had been in that position)我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。
We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
在更有利的条件下，我们能够做得更好些。

5、在would rather后接that从句时。从句谓语用虚拟结构，表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。
I'd rather you went home now．我宁愿你现在就回家。
I would rather he had stayed at the hotel yesterday．我真希望他昨天在那家宾馆里待着。

表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词，如intend，hope，want，plan, mean等的过去完成时态或不定式用完成时态时．表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
He had hoped for a better job，but he didn’t get it．他原希望找一个好的工作，但他没有得到。
I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech．我原打算去参加这个聚会，但我得加时准备演讲。
I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at that time．我原打算向帮助他，但我当时很忙。
【考题印证】
1.（2012北京卷）35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】 【解析】B。
考查虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用were。as if“仿佛，好像”。其后面的内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B项。句意：别把这花瓶当作钢做的似的去拿。
2.(2012福建卷)31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
【答案】　
【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则我们本可以参观更多的名胜。本句为含有otherwise的含蓄虚拟句（相当于if we hadn’t lost our way in that small village），是对过去的虚拟，故选D项。
(2012辽宁卷)33.Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
【解析】D。考查特殊句式中的虚拟语气。在“It’s high/very time that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用did或should do， 所以选D项。句意：杰克是个善于夸夸其谈的人，该是他做点什么而不是仅仅说说而已的时候了。
【真题体验】
1.（2011天津卷,15）I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
2.（2011福建卷,34）——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
attended B .had attended C. would sttend D. would have attended
3.（2011陕西卷,22）I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
4.（2011江西卷28）We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
5.（2010安徽卷）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
6.（2010江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
7.（2010湖北﹚Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
8.（2009江苏卷）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he         it differently.
A. could express                        B. would express
C. could have expressed                 D. must have expressed
9.（2009福建卷）But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
10. (2011山东省潍坊高三抽测)The order came that the medical supplies to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A．would be sent B．should send C．be sent D．must be sent
【答案解析】

1.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
2.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
3.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
4.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。
5.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的用法。前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。
6.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式
7.【解析】(should) be discussed　考查虚拟语气的用法。“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。
8.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气的用法。Ccould have expressed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。
9.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构, 故选B。
10.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+do，should可以省略。故选C。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1. With so many different forms of peotry ______, students may eventually want to write peoms of their own.
A. choosing from B. chosen from C. to choose from D. to be chosen from
2. He was very busy yesterday；otherwise，he ______ to the meeting.
A．would come B．came C．would have come D．will come
3. The gasoline . Let’s fill the car up at the next gas station.
A. is running out B. has run out C. is being run out D. has been run out
4. John is not very — he often forgets what he promises to do.
A. flexible B. reliable C. confident D. honest
5. Had it not been for the police’s help, Peter his bicycle yesterday afternoon.
A. could not find B. didn’t find C. could not have found D. hadn’t found
6. , I got better and returned to work.
A. Accidently B. Normally C. Eventually D. Particularly
7. — I think I’m going to die. — , Joe. You only have a cold.
A. Don’t mention it B. Take it easy C. It’s hard to say D. Take care
8. We were required not to any important details before it was made public.
A. try out B. make out C. let out D. break out
9. I stood there wanting to ask more questions but found that was not the ti