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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters总结(重点)超详细
单选题
1、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
2、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
3、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
4、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
5、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
6、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
7、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
8、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
9、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
10、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
11、We should do all ________ is useful to people.
A.whoB.thatC.itD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A. who谁;B. that那个,引导从句;C. it它;D. which哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是all,排除D。引导词用that,在从句中作主语。故选B。
12、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
13、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
14、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
15、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
16、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
17、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
18、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
19、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
20、The Battle at Lake Chang jin (《长津湖》) is the most inspiring movie _______ I have ever seen.
A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:《长津湖》是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“movie”,指物,前面有形容词最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选D项。
21、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
22、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
23、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
24、Playing football is so fun that it ________millions of people.
A.attractsB.exploresC.remindsD.survives
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:踢足球很有趣,它吸引了数百万人。A. attracts吸引;B. explores探索;C. reminds提醒;D. survives幸存。根据空前“Playing football is so fun”可知,因为踢足球有趣,所以吸引了数百万人。故选A。
25、The girl ______ injured in the accident came back safe and sound.
A.who we supposedB.whom we supposed she was
C.who we supposed wasD.whom we suppose
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我们认为在事故中受伤的那个女孩安全归来了。分析句子结构可知,本句为定语从句,we supposed为插入语,句中先行词为The girl,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导,且与injure之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
26、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
27、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
28、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
29、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
30、I will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.why
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是days,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故选B。
完成句子
31、我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems _______________ in the Tang Dynasty.
答案: that/which were written
考查定语从句。分析句子结构, ① in the Tang Dynasty.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词some Chinese poems ,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导该从句。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知用一般过去时。Chinese poems与write之间是被动关系,用被动语态。定语从句中主语是复数,从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填that/which were written。
32、工作不要半途而废。
Don't leave your work __________.
答案:half-done
考查形容词。根据句意可知,此处应填形容词half-done“半完成的”,leave sth. adj.“让......处于......”,是固定表达,此处形容词为宾补,表明宾语的状态。故填half-done。
33、We are going to learn some Chinese poems ____________ in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习在唐朝时期创作出来的一些中国诗歌。
答案:that/which were written
考查定语从句和时态。表达“创作”应使用动词write。分析句子可知,空处应使用that或which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词poems(复数,指物),并在从句中充当主语成分。由于poems与动词write之间是被动的关系,且write这个动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填that/which were written。
34、我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。
Our team has scored another goal. It looks________.
答案:as if we are going to win the game
考查表语从句。结合句意可知,空处用as if“好像”引导表语从句,“赢得比赛”译为win the game,根据“Our team has scored another goal.”可知,空处表示符合实际情况或很快要实现的事,无需用虚拟语气,应用一般将来时,表示有迹象要发生的事情,用be going to do结构,故填as if we are going to win the game。
35、多年以后,他在乡下过着平静的生活,似乎灾难从未发生过。
After many years, he lived a calm life in the country__________ .
答案:as if the disaster had never happened
考查状语从句和虚拟语气。分析原句可知,“似乎灾难从未发生过”是方式状语从句,可用连词as if引导,结合句意,“似乎灾难从未发生过”是对过去事实的假设,应用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去完成时;“灾难”是主语,用the disaster表示,“从未发生”是谓语,用had never happened。故填as if the disaster had never happened。
36、知识就是力量。
________ is ________.
答案: Knowledge power
考查名词。首字母大写,表示“知识”应用不可数名词knowledge做主语;表示“力量”应用不可数名词power作表语。故答案为①Knowledge ②power。
37、在紧急情况下,我们应该保持镇静,这点至关重要。
We should ______________ in case of emergency, which matters much.
答案:calm ourselves down
考查固定短语。固定短语:calm down 冷静下来;根据汉语提示,本句主语为we,宾语也是说我们,所以宾语用ourselves,据此可知,空白处填calm ourselves down,故填calm ourselves down。
38、只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得好。
Only those _________________________________ can get along well.
答案:who have much/a lot in common
考查定语从句。结合汉语提示可知,此处为含有who引导的定语从句,其内容为“那些有很多共同之处的人”,分析可知,those为先行词,在从句中作主语,所以空处为用关系代词who引导的定语从句。表示“有很多共同之处”用have much/a lot in common,故填who have much/a lot in common。
39、尽管遭受了洪灾,但他决不屈服。
Even though he________ ________ ________, he would never give in.
答案: suffered from flood
考查时态和名词。结合句意表示“遭受”可知短语为suffer from,结合后文would可知用一般过去时,后跟名词flood作宾语。故填suffered from flood。
40、地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏,这对旅行是不安全的。
The earthquake did great damage to the bridges, __________________ for travelling.
答案:which was not safe
考查非限制性定语从句和时态。根据提示,“地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏”这件事对旅行是不安全的,所以后半句应用非限制性定语从句。当先行词指代整个主句内容时,从句用which引导。“安全”译为:be safe。从句时态应与主句的一般过去时保持一致。故填which was not safe。
语法填空
41、A country _______ gains independence has its own government and is not ruled by any other country. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:一个获得独立的国家有自己的政府,不受任何其他国家的统治。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词country,在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
42、___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:Suffering##Having suffered
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于视力不好,他无法再正常地阅读。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作状语,suffer from与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,结合语意可知,此处意为“遭受到”或“已遭受到”,故此处可用现在分词的一般式或现在分词的完成式,故此处应填suffering或者having suffered。故填Suffering或Having suffered。
43、After ________ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查动名词。句意:经过几个月的失眠,我感到身心疲惫。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
44、__________ (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, she wanted to stay here for another week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:Struck
考查非谓语动词。句意:被西湖的美景所打动,她想在这里再呆一个星期。分析句子可知,“(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake”作原因状语,strike(把……迷住,打动)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语she之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动;句首单词首字母大写。故填Struck。
45、We’ll talk about a particular type of comfort food ______ power tend to be linked with positive emotions. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品,其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是food,指物,在从句中作power的定语,应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
46、It _________ (strike) me that the setting of the story is in such an era when the girls’ education was second to the boys’. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:struck
考查动词时态。句意:我突然想到,故事的背景是在这样一个女孩受教育次于男孩的时代。陈述过去的动作,谓语动词应用一般过去时态。strike的过去式为struck,此处考查句型It struck sb that...,意为“我突然想到……”。故填struck。
47、Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:effective
考查形容词。句意:我国政府已采取有效措施禁止酒后驾驶。空后的measures是名词形式,所以设空处应填形容词作定语修饰measures。根据句意,故填effective。
48、The professor ________ you wish to see has gone abroad. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that/whom
考查定语从句。句意:你要见的那位教授已经出国了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词professor,且先行词在从句中作宾语,指人,故应用关系代词that或whom引导。故填that/whom。
49、Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty ________(power). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:powerful
考查形容词。句意:詹妮弗是第一代毕业生,这对她的家庭来说是很大的鼓舞。这种鼓舞是强大的。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。powerful意为“强大的”。故填powerful。
50、The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture are very lovely. (按要求补全句子)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:照片里的男孩和狗都很可爱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The boy and the dog,先行词在从句中作主语,且既有人又有物,只能用that引导。故填that。
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