高一英语必修3-Unit-2-Healthy-eating人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. diet 1) n. 日常饮食、食物Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。The doctor advised him to go on a diet to lose weight.医生建议他节食减肥。No sugar in my coffee please. I am on a diet.请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。2）vi. 节食；实施节食疗法Do you think it necessary for me to diet?你认为我有必要节食吗？Shes always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.她总是在节食，但体重好像并未减少。2. balance 1) vt. 平衡；权衡 Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less protein. 多吃些水果, 少摄入些蛋白质, 使饮食均衡合理。You have to balance the advantages of living in the country against the disadvantages. 你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。2) n. 天平，平衡；余额，余数Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。I must check my bank balance. 我要核对一下我在银行的余额。Athletes need a good sense of balance.运动员要有良好的平衡感。I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates.我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。She cycled round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.她骑车拐弯时失去平衡，摔了下来。知识拓展：balanced adj. 平衡的；平稳的；和谐的A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body. 均衡的饮食使你的身体获得营养。3. curiosity n. 好奇心Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them. 小孩子对他们周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity. 我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。The letter wasnt addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。Margaret looked at him with curiosity.玛格丽特好奇地望着他。知识拓展：curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.他们对于住在楼上的人感到很好奇。I was curious to find out what she had said.我真的想弄清楚她说了些什么。It was curious that he didnt tell anyone.他没有告诉任何人这很奇怪。4. lie vi. & n. 说谎；谎话，谎言 (lied, lied, lying)Its no wonder that she lied to the court. 难怪她对法庭撒了谎。I wonder why he told a lie to me.我疑惑他为什么对我撒谎。知识拓展：1) lie vi. 躺、卧、处于(某一位置)，处于某种状态 (lay，lain，lying)We were lying on the grass when it began to rain.雨下起来时我们正躺在草坪上。Her village lay across the river.她住的村子坐落在河对岸。The newspaper lay open on the table.报纸摊开摆在桌子上。These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.工厂关闭以来，这些机器就一直闲置。2）lay vt. 放；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵) (laid，laid，laying)Would you please lay the table for dinner?请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?5. strength n. 强项；优势；力量；力气strengthen v. 加强；增强He pushed against the rock with all his strength.他用尽全力推那块岩石。It may take a few weeks to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.能够保持冷静是她的长处之一。6. consult vt. & vi. 咨询；请教；查阅，参照 consultant n. 顾问，咨询师；consultation n.She consulted a lawyer about her divorce.她向律师咨询有关她离婚的事。The doctor consulted (with) the childs parents before the operation.手术前医生曾和孩子的家长商议。Youd better consult the dictionary for the meaning of the word.有关这个单词的意思你最好查阅一下字典。7. limit 1) vt. 限制；限定We must try and limit our cost. 我们必须设法限制我们的开支。Ive limited myself to 1, 000 calories a day to try and lose weight. 我为了减肥，限定自己每天摄入1000卡的热量。2）n. 界限；限度The speed limit on this road is 70 mh. 这条路的车速限制是每小时70英里。There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。The EU has set /put strict limits on levels of pollution.欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。I am willing to help you within limits.我愿意有限度地帮助你。If only the bank would lend money without limit.要是银行能无限制地贷款就好了。知识拓展：limited adj. 有限（制）的limitless adj. 无限制的The possibilities were almost limitless.可能性几乎是无穷无尽的。I have only a limited knowledge of the subject.我对这门学科的认识有限。8. benefit 1）v. 使受益，得益，有益于The rain will benefit the crops greatly.这场雨对庄稼很有好处。I have benefited a lot from/by extensive reading. 广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。We will benefit by / from a holiday.度假对我们有好处。2) n. 利益，好处It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。He was traveling for the benefit of his health.为了身体健康，他出去旅游了。知识拓展：beneficial adj. 有益的，有好处的A good diet is beneficial to health.良好的饮食有利于健康。9. combine vt. & vi. (使)联合；（使）结合 The workers combined against the boss.工人们联合起来反对工头。They combined their efforts to finish the work.他们合力完成了工作。Some films combine education with/and recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合了起来。知识拓展：combination n. combined adj.The United States is a combination of 50 states.美利坚合众国由50个洲联合组成。The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.这家公司和几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to bring about the change in the law.这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。即学即用： You could have seen from his face that he had _ to you. A. lied B. lay C. laid D. lain My mother bought a new skirt for me at a _ yesterday. A. discount B. bargain C. pay D. cost The child shows curiosity _ everything around him. A. of B. on C. about D. at She _ down her book and _ in bed.A. lay; laid B. laid; lay C. lay; lay D. laid; laid He is always talking about abstract principles and cant _theory _practice.A. combine; to B. combine; with C. join; with D. join; to In order to better our future , each of us must first of all know our _and weaknesses.A. strengths B. benefit C. techniques D. values It is known to us all that doing eye exercises _our eyes, and that is to say , our eyes can _doing eye exercises .A. benefits; to benefit B. benefits; benefit from C. benefits from; benefit D. benefits; be benefited from I suggest you _a lawyer .A. consult B. combine C. conclude D. concern The policeman asked the driver to _speed to below 40 miles an hour.A. make B. give C. limit D. explain （二）重点短语1. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的。ought to aux. 应当；应该(没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形)He thought that they ought to take part in the design. 他认为他们应当参加设计。He ought not to do it. / He oughtnt to do it.他不应该做这件事。Ought we to do it at once?我们应该马上做这件事吗？be full of 充满The house was full of heavy smoke and shouting.房子里充满浓烟和喊叫声。2. Tired of all that fat ? Want to lose weight?be tired of= be sick of 对厌倦We are tired of hearing the old story.这老话我们听厌了。Im tired of the same breakfast every day. 我厌倦了每天吃同样的早餐。知识拓展：I am very tired from/with staying up all night.一夜未睡，我感觉很疲倦。I am tired out. Can we stop for a rest?我都累死了。我们能停下来休息一下吗？lose weight体重减轻；减肥She is trying to lose weight. 她在努力减肥。知识拓展：常见的与weight搭配的短语：He has put on weight since he gave up smoking.他戒烟后体重增加了。The news was certainly a weight off my mind.这个消息真是去掉了我心里的重负。3. He couldnt have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies. 他不能让永慧跟别人说谎而置之不理。get away with sth. 偷携某物潜逃；受到（较轻的惩罚）或逃避惩罚；被放过They robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money. 他们抢劫银行，掠走了大量现金。If you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it.考试作弊必予追究。 Nobody gets away with insulting me like that. 那样侮辱我的人，我是不会放过的。知识拓展：常与get搭配的其他短语：How can I get it across to you people know how important this is?我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性？Ive always found him a bit difficult to get along with.我总觉得他有一点难以相处。At last I managed to get through to one of the managers.我终于和其中的一名经理电话联系上了。She seemed to have got over her distress.她似乎已经摆脱了她的悲痛心情。tell a lie = tell lies 说谎Its not right to tell a lie. 撒谎是不对的。知识拓展：常见的与tell 搭配的短语还有：It was hard to tell the difference between the two versions.很难分辨出这两个版本有何不同。The two brothers are so much alike that you can hardly tell them apart.这对弟兄长得很像，你几乎分辨不出谁是谁。To tell (you) the truth /To be honest, I fell asleep in the middle of her talk.老实说，我在她讲话的过程中睡着了。4. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。earn ones living = make ones/a living 谋生They began to earn their living when they were very young. 他们很小的时候就开始谋生了。I earn my living by teaching English in the middle schoo1. 我靠在中学教英语谋生。5. He didnt look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他可不希望由于餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。in debt 欠债He is heavily in debt. = He is in heavy debt.他负债累累。They are in heavy debt to the Bank of China. 他们欠中国银行很多钱。知识拓展：常见的与debt 搭配的短语还有：Its hard to stay out of debt when you are a student.作为一名学生很难不负债。I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.我得在离开该国前还清所有债务。We were poor but we never got/ ran into debt.我们很穷，但从不负债。6. In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fiber in the meal.他们以这种方式减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。cut down 砍倒；削减；删减Trees used to be cut down for firewood in the past.在过去，树木常被砍伐作木柴。We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。The doctor advised him to cut down on his drinking.医生劝他少喝酒。知识拓展：常见的与cut搭配的短语：She kept cutting in on our conversation.我们谈话时她老是插嘴。 We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.我们谈话谈到一半就被打断了。Let us cut out the unimportant details. 让我们把不重要的细节删掉。He cut across the fields so as not to be late. 为了不迟到, 他抄近路穿过田地。Lets cut up the chicken and make some soup.我们把鸡剁成块煮汤吧。7. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.他们的平衡食谱非常成功，王鹏很快就瘦了，而永慧却胖了。before long 不久以后The dictionary will be published before long. 这本词典不久就要出版。I think our rescue party will be here before long.我想我们的救援队不久以后就会到达。知识拓展：long before 很久以前Before long he had to return to the village where he once lived long before.不久以后他只得回到他很久以前住过的那个村子去。本单元其它重要的短语：a balanced diet 平衡饮食think of 想起, 记起be made of 由制成drive sb. inside 驱使某人进来be amazed at 为而惊诧too much fat 太多脂肪keep fit 保持健康glare at 怒目而视Why dont you ? 为什么你不?agree to do sth. 同意做某事a second 再；又according to 依据；按照neither nor 既不也不be full of=be filled with 装满；盛满rather than 而不是a success 一件成功的事；一位成功的人turn into 变成即学即用：1. My brother is on a special _ to lose _ weight.A. food; / B. food; hisC. diet; / D. diet; his2. We_ try our best to work hard. A. ought B. oughts to C. ought to D. oughts3. I dont know how he managed to _cheating in the exam.A. get away with B. get away from C. get out of D. get behind with4. Im really tired _ Tom. He had me _ for two hours in the rain.A. of; waiting B. with; wait C. of; waited D. with; waited5. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them.A. more than B. rather thanC. other than D. better than6. The doctors have told him to _smoking and drinking.A. cut away B. cut back C. cut off D. cut down 7. He is heavily _now, so he cant pay for a new house.A. out of debt B. get into debt C. in debt D. get out of debt 8. The mother was trembling with anger. She _her son and said nothing.A. looked at B. stared at C. glared at D. glanced at 9. Harry has been out of work for six months, so he has difficulty _.A. earning livings B. earning his living C. to earn livings D. to earn his living 10. Why was your little brother scolded by your father yesterday?For _.A. tell a lie B. tell lies C. told lies D. telling lies（三）重点句型1. Nothing could have been better. 没有什么比这更好的了。本句中比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级的意义。Did you sleep well last night? 你昨夜睡得好吗？Never better, like a rock. 从未这么好过，睡的很死。Ive never heard a more beautiful voice. 我从没听过如此动听的嗓音。知识拓展：比较级表示最高级的其它用法There is nothing so embarrassing as when things go wrong. 没有什么比事情弄糟更使人难堪的了。John said he had never been so angry. 约翰说他从未这么生气过。Ive never read a more interesting book. 我从没看过如此有趣的书。 2. He couldnt have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!他不能让永慧跟别人说谎而置之不理。have sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事，表示一个持续的动作。放在否定句中表示不允许某人干某事。He had me waiting for him for two hours. I cant bear it any more! 他让我等了两个小时，我再也无法忍受了！Its rude of you to speak to your father like that and I wont have you speaking to your father like that in future.你那样跟你的父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟你的父亲说话。知识拓展：Ill have him finish my work. 我将让他替我把工作完成。Jack must have his motorbike repaired.杰克必须把他的摩托车修理一下。The woman had her handbag robbed yesterday.昨天，这个妇女的手提包被抢了。即学即用： He feels it dangerous for a girl to be out late at night so he wont have his daughter _home late.A arrive B arrived C to arrive D arriving Are you satisfied with her answer?Not at all. It couldnt have been _. A. any worse B. so bad C. much better D. the worst How well did John do in the match?Wonderful. I think we cant have a _ player in our football team.A. good B. well C. better D. best【典型例题】1. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt_.A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through2. Have you _? No. I had the wrong number.A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through3. Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tiredModal verbs (2 ) 预习导学一、ought toought not to（1）She ought to look after her children better.（2）We really ought to buy a car, oughtnt /shouldnt we?（3）He ought to be here soon he left home early.归纳：_.二、have todont have tomustnt(1) She has to earn her living.(2) Must we hand in our homework this afternoon? No, you dont have to. /No, you neednt.You mustnt tell him the secret. 归纳：_.三、needneednt（1）Theres plenty of time. We neednt drive so fast. Need I tell him everything thats happened to his parents?Yes, you must. / No, you neednt .归纳：_.（2）You need to be careful.We didnt need to tell him the truth. Do I need to say my telephone number again?归纳：_.四、其它情态动词的用法（1）I used to go to the cinema a lot but I never get the time now.He didnt use to / usednt to go swimming but now he does.What did the boy use to think of his mother before the day she cried?= What used the boy to think ?归纳：_.（2）Youd better leave now or you will miss the bus.He would rather keep time for his hobbies.归纳：_.五、情态动词+ have done （1）表示推测或估计It is eight oclock .They may have arrived.Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.It must have rained last night, for the streets are wet.They left here early and should have arrived by now.归纳：_