高一英语Unit-5-Theme-Parks构词法人教实验版必修4知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 5 Theme Parks构词法人教实验版必修4【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修4 Unit 5 Word formation构词法二、知识精讲英语中的构词法主要有转化法、合成法和派生法。（一）转化法（conversion）在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。 1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。4. 形容词转化为名词He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了？How hard the students study!这些学生学习多刻苦啊！6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。即学即用Youd better put your _ in the bank.A. valuables B. values C. valuable D. value（二）合成法（composition）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。1. 合成名词名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood test she- wolf 动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak 形容词+名词 greenhouse highway 副词+名词 overcoat outside 名词+v.-ing / v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading room freezing point 动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome 名词+介词+名词: sister-in-law editor-in -chief 2. 合成形容词名词+形容词/ 形容词+名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term 副词+形容词 over-anxious evergreen 名词+过去分词 man-made sun-burnt 名词+现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking 形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going 副词+过去分词 well-informed widespread副词+现在分词 hardworking far-reaching形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded 数词+名词+ed three-legged ten storied 数词+名词 one-way five star 数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long 名词+to + 名词 face to-face door - to -door 3. 合成动词名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk 副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork形容词+动词 whitewash 4. 合成副词形容词名词 meanwhile anyway 形容词副词 everywhere anyhow 副词副词 however 介词名词 beforehand overhead 介词副词 forever 5. 合成代词代词宾格self/selves herself themselves物主代词self / selves myself yourselves 形容词名词 anything nothing6. 合成介词副词名词 inside outside介词副词 without within副词介词 into 即学即用 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop What are you doing here?Oh, my teacher asked me to write a passage of about _in English.You can write a _passage in English?A. 600 words; 600-words B. 600-words; 600-wordsC. 600 words; 600-word D. 600-words; 600-word He was filled with envy at his _wealth. He decided to go down south to seek his fortune.A. brother-in-laws B. brothers-in-lawC. brother-in law D. brothers-in-law He found a lot of _ were _.A. passers-by; grown-ups B. passers-bys; growns-upC. passers-bys; grown ups D. passers-by; growns-up You must put your heart into your studies. Dont be _in class.A. absent-minded B. absent-minding C. absent-mind D. absence -minded （三）派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1. 前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。（1）表示否定意义的前缀un- unhappy unfinished undress dis- disagree disbelieve inil-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)- inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregularmis-misbehave mislead mistake non-nonstop nonsmoker （2）表示其他意义的前缀en-“使” enrich enlarge encourage inter-“相互” international intercontinentalre-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraphauto-“自动的” automatic automobileco-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimateself-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control under-“在下面，下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate2. 后缀（1）形容词后缀-able “可的，具有的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable -al“与有关的” physical, magical, political-an“属于某地方的人” American African -ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern-ful/ less“（没）有的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless-ish“如的；有特征的” foolish childish selfish -ive“有倾向的” active attractive expensive-en“由制成的” golden wooden woolen -ous“有（性质）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous-ly “有性质的” friendly yearly daily -y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy （2）名词后缀-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container-ese“某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese-ian“某国、某地人；精通的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist -ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess -ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence -th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability -al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval -y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty -dom“处于状态；性质” freedom, boredom-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage（3）动词后缀-fy / ify“使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en“使成为；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden -ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize （4）副词后缀-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrilyward(s)“向” towards, forward, upwards（5）数词后缀-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth即学即用1. What a nice fire you have in your fireplace！During the winter I like my house .A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortableC. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable2. The black people were against slavery and fought for their_ bravely.A. free B. freely C. freedom D. freeway3. Its _ to persuade him to give up smoking. Hes very stubborn.A. possible B. impossibly C. unlikely D. likely4. Dont be _, you should share your toys with your brothers.A. selflessB. self C. selfish D. selflessly 5. The environmentalists said wild goats _on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance6. When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem, Jack looked _about at his classmates.A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely7. The story that Thomas had told before you arrived sounded _but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonable B. reasonful C. reasonless D. unreason8. The singer gave a _smile to all audience who came to greet her. A. friend B. friendly C. friendless D. friendship 9. Having a knowledge of English _ you to communicate with foreigners. At the same time it can _your mind.A. able; rich B. enable; enrich C. enables; enrich D. enables; richen 10. The teacher made me _for keeping the class in order while she went out.A. responsible B. responsibly C. respond D. responsive 11. Cheer up! Dont be _by one failure. You will succeed next time.A. encourages B. discouraged C. encouraged D. discouraging 12. His father is a famous _in the IT fields, so a lot of big companies want to employ him.A. specialist B. special C. specialize D. specially 【典型例题】1. Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family. A. clear B. cleared C. clearly D. more clearly2. Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier3. My brother is really _. He often works in his office far into the night.A. open-minded B. hard-working C. self-confident D. warm-hearted4. John is very if he promises to do something hell do it.A. independent B. confident C. reliable D. flexible5. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is recovering from his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually6. It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly7. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _ to people greeting him.A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold8. Running a company is not _ a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained.A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项选择1. Tom is Bobs brother. _that Tom and Bob are so alike.A. No matter B. No way C. No problem D. No wonder 2. We knew we _the park when we started seeing the tiger right next to the road.A. were getting close to B. were getting closely to C. were coming to D. get close to 3. In October, the _to the zoo has risen by 50 yuan.A. permission B. admission C. introduction D. instruction 4. I would learn a lot of words from these books, but I had _problems memorizing them.A. terribly B. terror C. terrified D. terrible 5. More and more people choose to shop in the supermarkets, for they are especially interested in the _of goods on offer.A. price B. variety C. value D. amount 6. He is cool towards strangers, but with his friends he really _.A. comes to life B. comes about C. comes up D. comes out 7. I have been working for ten hours. _ you looked tired. Youd better have a rest.A. No problem B. No wonder C. No hurry D. No matter 8. The organization was set up to _the endangered species from dying out.A. remove B. survive C. injure D. preserve 9. The notice says, “Its cheaper by 20% if you book the tickets _”.A. in all B. in general C. in addition D. in advance 10. Tom is famous _ a writer _ his popular books.A. for; as B. for; for C. as; as D. as; for11. He has _skills in catching poisonous snakes.A. unique B. rare C. natural D. curious 12. The _of this years ChinaASEAN Summit is regional trade and political trust.A. topic B. theme C. rhythm D. rhyme *13. Not only _interested in football but _beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 14. In the botanical garden, we can find a(n) _ of plants ranging from tall trees to small flowers.A. species B. group C. amount D. variety15. That her _English is so good is because she is from an _country.A. speaking; Englishspeaking B. spoken; EnglishspeakingC. speaking; Englishspoken D. spoken; Englishspoken *二、完形填空A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and the boy was the apple of their eye.One 16 , when the boy was around two years old, the husband saw an opened medicine bottle. It was 8:30 am and he was almost 17 for work, so he asked his wife to 18 the lid on the bottle and put it in the cupboard. Busy in the kitchen, the mother 19 forgot the matter. Seeing the bottle, the boy picked it up playfully and 20 the liquid in it. It was a medicine 21 for adults to be taken in small dosages（剂量）. When the boy fell down, the mother hurried him to a(n) 22 where he died. The mother was terrified. How could she 23 her husband?When the heartbroken father returned and saw the dead son, he 24 his wife and said just four words. What do you think those four words were? The husband just said, “I 25 you, darling.”The husbands totally 26 reaction was positive. Their son could never be 27 back to life, so there was no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, this would not have happened 28 he had taken the time to put the bottle away.The mother had also lost her only 29 . What she needed at that moment was 30 and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her.Sometimes we spend time asking who is 31 , only to miss the opportunity to enjoy the 32 in human relationships we could receive by giving each other support. Why dont we 33 someone we love for the “mistake” they didnt make on purpose?Treasure what you 34 , let go of all your anger, 35 to forgive, and selfishness and you will find fewer problems in the world.16. A. noonB. morningC. eveningD. night17. A. lateB. readyC. tiredD. fit18. A. hideB. throwC. placeD. keep19. A. luckilyB. nearlyC. totallyD. suddenly20. A. removedB. drankC. destroyedD. cleaned21. A. arrangedB. leftC. wishedD. meant22. A. hospitalB. officeC. bankD. restaurant23. A. encourageB. faceC. controlD. punish24. A. called at B. laughed atC. looked atD. pointed to25. A. loveB. hateC. missD. believe26. A. reasonable B. confidentC. normal D. unexpected27. A. raisedB. broughtC. drivenD. pulled28. A. butB. althoughC. ifD. because29. A. childB. interestC. relativeD. chance30. A. excuseB. praiseC. comfort D. explanation31. A. rightB. cleverC. kind D. responsible32. A. warmthB. surpriseC. sorrowD. health33. A. helpB. protectC. forgiveD. correct34. A. learnB. haveC. knowD. want35. A. abilityB. courageC. expectation D. unwillingness三、阅读理解A *Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance （pocket money）.The purpose is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration .Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.In any case，parents should make clear what，if anything，the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they