初中英语阅读理解题的解题技巧名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,初中英语阅读了解题解题技巧,第1页,考点分析归纳：,主旨大意,细节了解,猜测词义,推理判断,第2页,一 主旨大意题,考查学生对文章主题或中心思想领会和了解能力。,第3页,提问方式：,1,）问标题,What is the main topic of the passage,？,The best title for the passage is _.,第4页,2,）问中心,The first paragraph is mainly about the,_,The passage is mostly about_,第5页,3,）问目标；态度,The author wants to tell _,The purpose of this article is to _,第6页,轻易选错干扰项,:,以偏概全,夸大主题,把观点强加给作者,第7页,解题策略,找主题句。主题句是归纳文章中心句子，它出现有三种情况：,第8页,主题句在文章开头，其后句子则是论证性细节。新闻报道、说明文、议论文惯用此方式。如：,09,年武汉中考阅读,A,篇,1.,在开头,第9页,Good morning.The program today is about music.The word“music”comes from the Greek word“muse”.The Muses are the goddesses of the arts.Music is only one of the arts.It is like the spoken language,but is uses sounds.Todays program brings together music from different corners of the world.Who invented music,？,Who sang the first song,？,No one knows exactly the answers to these questions.But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life.,文章开头就说明今天节目是关于音乐，其后句子都是围绕介绍音乐。,第10页,Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them.When they are a little older,they like to sing the songs they have heard.When children go to school,their world of music grows.In the middle grades students take music lessons.When they reach high school,they become interested in listening to pop music.,从音乐起源，形式，作用到全世界受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。,第11页,如：,09,年武汉中考阅读,C,篇,文章最终一句“,In fact,the true love is not built on friendship,loyalty or blood relationship.Instead,it is based on no relationship.,真正爱不以情谊、忠诚抑或是血缘关系为前提，实际上，真正爱，是无条件博爱。”就是在前面故事基础上总结与概括，即文章主旨。,2.,在结尾,第12页,3.,在中间,通常是文章开头提出问题，陈说细节，导出主题句，然后再深入用细节说明支持主题句。如：,第13页,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.,A,camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,_,_,_,第14页,有些文章或段落无显著主题句,只是暗示性地表达主题,.,这就要求考生在阅读过程中依据文中所叙述,事实,或提供,线索,来概括总结主旨大意。,第15页,二 细节了解题,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中,某一特定细节,或文章,主要事实,了解能力。问题包含问询人,(who),、物,(what),、时间,(when),、地点,(where),、原因,(cause),、结果,(effect),、文中数据,(data),等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等经常考查这些细节。,第16页,提问形式：,Which of the following statements is true,false,？,Which of the following is,（,not,）,mentioned,？,According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).,第17页,解题策略：,1,）对应性,2,）准确性,3,）区分性,第18页,09,年武汉中考阅读,A,篇,68,小题,Which is TRUE according to the passage,？,A.The Muses invented music.,B.Music can bring people some feelings.,C.Music was from a Greek village.,D.Everyone is interested in pop music.,第19页,A.The Muses invented music.,第二段开始交待了没有些人确切知道音乐是被谁创造,B.Music can bring people some feelings.,原文中能够找到对应句子“,But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life.”C.Music was from a Greek village.,这是一个很轻易让考生发错误题目，文章确实交待了音乐来自于古希腊语，不过，不是村庄，,Village,。需要仔细审题。,D.Everyone is interested in pop music.,这种一把抓题目基本上都能够从文章中找到否定句子，,they become interested in listening to pop music.,追回到前面内容，我们能够看出,THEY,指是,Babies and young children,，而不是,EVERYONE,第20页,三 词义猜测题,单词猜测能力是阅读了解能力主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语了解。而且，所考查词或短语意义往往不停留在字面上，要依据文中语境来判断。,第21页,设题方式：,The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _,The word “”most likely means _.,Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_.,第22页,解题策略,:,阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。另外，我们也能够经过构词法知识分析生词词义，或经过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读通。还能够联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似词。,第23页,依据定义或解释猜测词义,技巧,1,A,calendar,is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.,calendar,日历,The,herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.,herdsman,牧人,第24页,依据对比确定词义,技巧,2,Our math professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones,，,however,，,we feel that they are,intricate,and hard to solve,Intricate,复杂,第25页,技巧,3,依据同义词替换关系猜词义,In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every,mansion,church,battle site,theatre and other public halls.,mansion,建筑物或场所,第26页,依据反义猜词,技巧,4,Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite,sedate,.,sedate,平静,第27页,依据上下文情景确定词义,技巧,5,All his attempts to unlock the door was,futile,because he was using the wrong key.,futile,徒劳,第28页,依据常识、经验猜生词,技巧,6,The old man put on his,spectacles,and began to read,spectacles,老花镜,第29页,依据构词法猜测词义,技巧,7,He has,renamed,the restaurant“Paradise”.,rename,重新起名，更名,第30页,依据因果关系猜测词义,技巧,8,You shouldnt have,blamed,him for that,，,for it wasnt his fault.,blame,责备,第31页,四 推理判断题,推理判断题着重考查学生逻,思维能力，即要求学生依据文章,逻辑关系进行推理判断。这类,题目难度大，设计面广，如人物,性格、心理、故事结局、寓,意、文章出处、体裁，作者,倾向、态度等。其题目设计方,式普通有：,第32页,It can be inferred from the text that _.,From the text we know that _.,With which of the following does the author agree,？,Which of the following might happened later?,The passage is probably taken from a _.,提问方式：,第33页,轻易选错干扰项：,选项中意思即使与原文相符，不过只是包括一些细枝末节，不符合题干。,选项内容与原文无关,或者是对文章内容作了张冠李戴处理。,选项是对原文内容简单重复，不是推理得出结论。,选项内容纯属主观臆断得出结论，文章根本没有提及。,第34页,解题策略：,做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章字面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间内涵，体会作者言外之意、弦外之音。找出作者所陈说细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩词语，进行符合逻辑推理。,第35页,09,年武汉中考阅读,A,篇,67,小题,The speaker is probably_.,A.a host B.a singer C.a dancer D.a teacher,主持人，歌手，舞者还是教师。我们从最终一句话能够自然想象到，在介绍完音乐基本知识介绍之后，主持人即将向大家播放今天音乐,第36页,09,年武汉中考阅读,c,篇,77,小题,Why did they lower their heads in shame according to the passage,？,A.They did not dare to answer.,B.They had mistaken the relationship of the mice.,C.They regretted driving a poor blind mouse away.,D.They did not express themselves much better.,第37页,文章中美国人、法国人和日本人都非常必定地认为一定是这两只老鼠间某种不一样寻常关系,(,主仆、夫妻或母子,),才使得其中一只老鼠冒着生命危险去营救另一只，因为他们不相信没有任何理由援助。这么结论显然是臆断，于是当中国人提出“莫非这么生死救助一定要有特殊关系作前提？”这一问题时，这三个人顿时明白自己论断是多么狭隘，无言以对，只能低头保持缄默。,A,和,C,项错误显著，能够快速排除。,B,项”,They had mistaken the relationship of the mice”,意为“他们弄错了两只老鼠间关系”，而在整篇文章中都没相关于老鼠之间关系信息，最终提出问题意在升华主题，故排除,B,项。,D,项”,They did not express themselves much better”,意为“他们没有,(,像中国人那样,),提出较为深刻看法”,与文章内容相符。,第38页,