初中情态动词总复习.doc

初中情态动词总复习
一、综述
情态动词表示可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测等意义，它们本身虽有一定词义，但不能独立用作谓语，必须与实义动词或连系动词的原形一起构成谓语，所以情态动词也没有人称和数的区别，它们适用于所有的人称；另外，情态动词也没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词形式。情态动词主要有：can／could，may／might，must，shall／should， will／would，need，had better，have to等。
二、情态动词的基本形式
情态动词 否定式 简略形式
may may not mayn’t
might might not mightn’t
can cannot can not can’t
could could not couldn’t
must must not mustn’t
will will not won’t
would would not wouldn’t
shall shall not shan’t
should should not shouldn’t
need need not needn’t
had better had better not /
have to don’t have to /
三、情态动词的用法
1．can和could的用法
1) 表示能力，相当于"be able to”，意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以去做某事，意为“能够”，其中，could表示“过去的能力”，是can的过去式。
例如： I can climb the mountain．我能爬山。
He is only five，but he can read．他只有5岁，但已认得字了。
I couldn’t work out the problem on my own when l was still a child．当我还是个孩子的时候，我不能独立解决这个问题。
注意；can，could与be able to 的比较
(1) 时态区别：can只能用于现在时，could用于过去时；而be able to可以用于现在时、将来时，过去时和完成时。例如：
He will be able to walk next month if he is looked after well．
如果他被很好地照顾，下月他就能走了。
John has been able to play chess for 10 years．约翰已能下棋有10年了。
(2) could与was／were able to的区别。后者相当于managed to do或succeed in doing，即“过去经过努力完成了某事”，这时，我门不可以用could。
例如：With your help，I was able to pass the exam．= I managed to pass
the exam with your help．在你的帮助下，我设法通过了考试。
表示允许、许可，都用于口语。在此用法中，在间接引语中，could是can的过去式，其他情况下，它们的区别是语气的委婉与否，could比can 语气更委婉，但回答时不能用could 来应答。
例如：--- Can／Could I sit beside you?我能坐在你旁边吗?
-- Yes，you can.／No，you can’t．能，你能坐。／不，你不能坐。
Father said I could swim in the river．爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
3)表示猜测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能’’或“……可能吗?” 在此用法中，若在间接引语中，could是can 的过去式，其他情况下，它们的区别是could比can可能性更小。例如：
He can’t be John’s father．他不可能是约翰的爸爸。
Mike can’t have missed the way．I drew him a map．
迈克不可能迷了路，我给他画了一张地图。
2．may和might的用法 ．
2) 1) 表示允许、许可，在此用法中，在间接引语中，might是may的过去式，其他情况下，它们的区别是语气的委婉与否，might比may语气更委婉, 但回答时不能用might来应答。 例如：
You may call me any time during office hours．你可以在我上班任何时间给我打电话。
一May／Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗?
Yes，you may／can．／No，you mustn’t／can’t．可以的。／不可以的。
注意：may的否定式通常用mustn’t表示“不可以”。
She said that you might stay with me．她说你可以和我们呆在一起。
2) 表示猜测，意为“也许，可能”。
It may be true. 这事也许是真的。
It may rain this evening. 今天晚上可能会下雨。
注意： 表示猜测时，一般用于肯定句，不用于疑问句和否定句中。另外，当might用于现在时，可使语气委婉、礼貌。
3) 表示祝愿，一般用may，放在句首。例如：
May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ May God bless you ! ,愿上帝保佑你！
4) 表示建议，可和as well　连用，意为“最好”例如：
You may as well stay where you are. 你还是原地呆着好。
( may as well 有“还是……为好”的含义)
3. must 和 have to 的用法
1) 表示“必须”。例如：We must call in the doctor. He is in danger. 我们必须叫医生。他处于危险中。
--Must we hand in our report today? 我们今天必须交报告吗？
--Yes, you must. /No , you needn't / don't have to.
是的，你们必须交。／不，你们不必交。
注意：：( 1 ) have to 的含义与must 很接近, have to 比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。例如：
I must clean the room. (主观想法)
My mother was very ill, so I had to clean the room. (客观需要)
( 2 ) have to 有人称、数、时态的变化, must 只有一种形式：现在时，但在间接引语中,过去时也可以用must。例如：
You must be there on time.你务必要按时到达那里。
He told me that I must be there on time. 他务必要按时到达那里。
2) must 表示推测，意为“一定” “肯定”，只用于肯定句中。例如：
This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑。
注意：其否定式用can’t／couldn’t来表示。
3 ) must not 表示“不准，不许”，表示断然否定，语气较强。例如：
You mustn't play with fire. 你不准玩火。
All the tourists mustn't take photos. 所有的游客都不可以拍照。
4. will 和 would 的用法
1) 表示意志、决心或愿望（用于各种人称）。例如：
1 will do as you tell me to do．我愿意按你让我做的去做。
Who will take the job? 谁愿意接受这个工作?
2) 表示客气地请求对方，would的语气比will委婉 (用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中)。例如：
Would you tell me the way to the museum? 请问到博物馆怎么走?
Will you be so kind as to pick me up tomorrow morning? 你明天可以来接我吗?
3) would 还可以表示过去的习惯，意为“总会，总是”。例如：
He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all．
他有时会在那里一坐就是几个小时，什么也不做。
5．shall和should的用法
1) 表示征求对方的意见 (用于第一人称)。例如：
What shall we do now? 我们现在怎么办呢? Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗?
2) should可以表示义务、责任、劝告、建议，意为“应该”。例如：
You should do it for your own good．为了你自己好, 你应该这样做。(建议)
Teachers should be good guides to students．老师应该是学生的好的指引者。(责任)
6．need的用法
既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词。
1) 作情态动词时：无人称、数的变化，后面接动词原形，多用于否定句及疑问句。意思为“必要”。改为否定句只要在need后直接加not，疑问句时直接把need放于句首。
2) 作实义动词时：有人称、数的变化，后面接动词不定式或动名词 (但有区别)，意思为“需要”，改为否定句和疑问句时，要借用助动词。例如：
Need I finish the task right now? 我有必要马上完成这个任务吗? (情态动词) 一Yes，you must．／ No，you needn’t ／don’t have to．
是的，你必须。／不，你不必。
The old couple need taking good care of．这对老夫妇需要好好地照料。(实义动词，跟动名词, 含被动含义，相当于need to be taken good care of，即不定式的被动式)
Does anybody need to see the doctor? 有谁需要看医生吗?(实义动词，表示主动含义，用不定式的主动形式表示)
7．其他情态动词的用法
had better表示“最好”，其否定式是had better not。例如：
You had better put on your coat．It is cold．你最好把衣服穿上，天挺冷的。She had better not discuss it with her father．她最好不要和他父亲谈论这事。

情态动词专项训练题
1. --- Must we hand in our compositions now?
--- No, you_____. But you _____ hand them in the day after tomorrow.
A. mustn't.., must B. needn't.., must
C. can't.., may D. must.., needn't
2. --- ______I watch TV after supper, mum?
--- No. You _______ finish your homework first.
A. May... mustn' t B. May... must
C. Must... needn' t D. Can... can' t
3. She insisted that she ___________ somebody in the house.
A. would hear B. had heard C. hear D. was heard
4. _______ you make a little room for me?
A. Should B. Could C. May D. Must
5. I will certainly be surprised if he _________ to tell them what he knows.
A. dare B. will dare C. dared D. dares
6. ---" ___________he open the door?" --- " Yes, please."
A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. Would
7. He __________ live in the country than in the city.
A. prefers B. likes to C. has better D. would rather
8. There used to be a church behind the school, ___________?
A. did there B. used there C. usedn't there D. isn't there
9. Two eyes _________ see more than one.
A. can B. may C. will D. should
10. ___ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes!
A. Would B. Will C. May D. Should
11. I _________ like to make a suggestion.
A. could B. would C. must D. might
12. I know things are hard, but you _______ try to get over the difficulties.
A. can B. may C. might D. must
13. The weather is very cold. We'd ________keep the door open.
A. better not to B. not better C. better not to D. better not
14. --- Must I turn down the radio now? --- No, you ____________.
A. mustn' t B. can' t C. needn' t D. may not
15. You __________ talk loudly in the reading-room.
A. mustn't B. can C. needn't. D. may not
16. --- ________I speak to Ann? --- Speaking.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
17. I've looked for my pen everywhere, but I _________ find it.
A. couldn't B. can't C. mustn't D. didn't
18. Excuse me,_________ I ask you a question?
A. will B. do C. may D. would
19. This science book _________ good care of.
A. must taken B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken
20. How _________ people expect to communicate in this country if they can' speak French?
A. might B. may C. need D. can
21. --- Where _____my sharpener? ---Somebody _______ it away by mistake.
A. is; must have taken B. is; must take
C. was; must take D. is; might take
22. She ___________ be a footballer, but she cannot be a good footballer.
A. will B. can C. should D. must
23. You _______ go to work. Today is Sunday.
A. can't B. mustn't C. may not D. needn't
24. It' s raining hard. You'd better __________ out.
A. don't go B. not to go C. not go D. to not go
25. --- Must I come before eight o'clock? --- No, you ___________.
A. can't B. don't C. mustn't D. needn't
26. The man only waved his hand and said something she ____ understand.
A. can't B. might not C. shouldn't D. couldn't
27. _________ you give me another example?
A. Mustn't B. Couldn't C. May not D. Shall
28. They ________ any money at the moment. They ___________ time only.
A. don't need; need B. don't need; needn't
C. needn't; needn't D. needn't; need
29. When they get older, the habits become so strong that they ________ never get rid of them.
A. can B. may C. must D. would
30. --- I don't think you enjoy plays. ---I ______ but I ______ now.
A. didn't; can B. did; do C. usedn't to; don’t D. usedn't to; do
31. ---Must I hand in the composition today? --- No, you __________.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. won’t
32. Your shirt needs washing, _________ it?
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. doesn’t
33. _________ you succeed in the following exams !
A. Can B. May C. Will D. Must
34. --- ____ I take these magazines out of the library? --- No, you _____.
A. May…mustn’t B. Should… can’t
C. Can… shouldn’t D. Need… mustn’t
35. --- This shirt looks like mine, yet it isn’t.
--- Whose _______ it be?
A. must B. may C. can D. need
36. You _________ pay football in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. may not
37. ---Where _____ Mr. Smith be?
--- I think he _________ be in the office. I saw him talking on the phone a moment ago.
A. may…can B. must… must C. can… must D. should… can

二、阅读理解
（一）
The aim of students who come to school is to study. But to study requires a right way, or you waste either the time or the money. The following are the ways of studying.
The best time for reading is morning, because in the morning, the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason, we can get good result.
①In studying we must have patience. If we have not known a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next one until we have learned the first one.
②When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book, or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading.
We must always ask “whys”. If it is not well understood, write it down and ask our teachers or our parents, or friends. In any possible way, we must know it completely and what we’ve learned can be used well and made better.
Though there are many ways for studying, yet the above mentioned will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.
任务一： 根据短文内容回答下列问题。
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
.
2. How many ways for studying are mentioned in the passage?
.
3. Why must we always ask “whys” in our study?
.
任务二：4. 将文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。
① .
② .
（二）
In today’s world many people seem to be hungry for money. Money does have its most useful effect on the poor. But even if a person has already got plenty of money, .
If money were everything, all millionaires would have real love, true friendship, good health and a long life. However, this is not always correct.
Since the beginning of time no three words have ever invited more pleasure than “I love you”. But can love be bought? I’m afraid not. Love means to give, not to take. To every person, health and a long life are probably the best things. Well, can health and a long life be bought with money? The answer is “No”.
Of all the longest living people in the world, few of them are millionaires. True friendship can’t be bought, either. In a word, where money is dreamed too much, it can cause brothers to quarrel, marriage to end, lovers to hate, and strangers to fight. No matter how much money you have, it is still not enough to make a happy person if you have no one to laugh with, no one to cry for.
1. 从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子。
It seems that a lot of people want money very much now.

2. 根据短文内容回答问题。
What are probably the most important things to everyone?

3. 根据短文内容，将第一段最后一句补充完整。
But even if a person has already got plenty of money,
4. 将文中划线句子翻译成汉语。

5. 根据短文内容，写出文章的标题。

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