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形式否定 ,意义肯定的一些表达形式
湖北老河口市高级中学 倪安莉 (441800)
英语表达中,有些表面上看起来时否定形式,但表达的是肯定的意义,很多同学对此种表达形式的理解具有一定的难度,而且它是高考命题热点考查之一,不可忽视。现将常考句型表达归纳如下:
1.含有“can/could +否定词+be+too+adj/adv”或“ can/could+否定词+enough/too much”的句子,表达为“无论怎么….也不过分;越…...越好”。
例1:--- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
--- You can never be _____ careful in the street. (2003 北京卷)
A. much B. very C. so D. too
解析:考查“can/could +否定词+be+too+adj/adv”句型,根据题意,答语为“你在马路上越小心越好”。
例2:---Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
--- Of course. You can never be_____ careful with that. (2005江西卷)
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
解析; never be too careful with….“无论怎样小心也不过分”。
2. 含有“no sooner…..than”或“hardly/scarely……when”的句子,此类句子通常译为“一……就”,表示两个动作几乎同时发生。
例1: I had hardly got to the office_______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.(2012大纲卷)
A. when B. than C. until D. after
解析:考查“hardly…..when”句型。“一….就”。
例2: ---Does Linda see the traffic accident?
--- No, no sooner________ than it happened. (2006天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析:对句型“no sooner….than”的考查。 No sooner放置句首时要借助于had进行部分倒装。
3.“ 否定词+比较级”表示最高级,常见句型“ have never+过去分词+比较级”或“can’t/couldn’t…+比较级”,意为“没有比….更….”;该句型可从反面理解为“最….”的概念。
例1: Mr Stevenson is great to work for---I really couldn’t ask for a ________ boss.(2011全国卷)
A. better B. good C. best D. still better
解析:“can’t/couldn’t…….+比较级”表示最高级含义。根据句子意思可知,“我再也找不到一个比他还好的老板了。”表示在我看来他是最好的。
例2:Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_____.(2010全国卷II)
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
解析:句意“Black先生非常高兴,因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受欢迎。”此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。
4. 含有“否定词(no/not/nothing/never……)+动词+比较级”,表示“再没有…..比……更…..”,从反面来表示“最肯定”的意思。
例1:You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don’t.
________, confidence is really important. (2012天津卷)
A. It’s not my cup of tea. B. That’s not the point.
C. I don’t think so D. I couldn’t agree more.
解析:否定词与比较级连用表示最高级。I couldn’t agree more. “我再同意不过了”。
例2:---How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
---I’ve never had________ one before. (2011四川卷)
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
解析:否定词加比较级表示最高级的概念。句意“你的四川之行怎么样? 再好不过了。”
例2:Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I haven’t seen_______ this year.(2005浙江卷)
A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
解析:句子I haven’t seen better this year等同于I have seen the best this year。这是我今年看到最优秀的。
5. 含有“can’t help doing sth/ can’t help but to do sth”结构。前者表示“情不自禁(忍不住)做某事”,后者表示“不得不,只能做某事”的意思。如:
1. It was awful, but I couldn’t help laughing. 真是糟糕,我还是忍不住大笑起来。
2. He can’t help but to admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己是错了。
6. 含有“…..have no choice but to do sth或there’s no help for it but to do sth”句型结构。表示“除了做某事之外别无选择,只能这样”。如:If you catch them stealing again, there’ll be no help for it but to call the police. 如果再抓住他们偷东西,那就别无选择只好叫警察了。
例2:If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but_______ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷)
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
解析:have no choice but to do sth “除了做某事别无选择;只能这样”。
7. 含有“can/couldn’t wait to do或 can/could hardly wait to do sth”句型,表示“迫不及待做某事”,常用于口语体中。如:
Tom couldn’t wait to get home after such a long and tiring journey. 经过这次漫长而又疲惫的旅行,Tom迫不及待地想回到家里。
We can hardly wait to see them! 我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。
8. 含有“not….until”的句型,表示“直到….才”,具有肯定的意义。有时为了强调状语,通常采取以下两种形式:(1)对until引导的时间状语进行强调,用“It is/was + not until +时间状语从句+that+其他成分”。(2)not until放置句首,句子进行部分倒装,即“Not until +时间状语从句+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语动词原形+其他”。
例1: Not until he retired from teaching three years ago_______ having a holiday abroad. (2012辽宁卷)
A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider
解析:not until引导的时间状语从句放置句首,句子进行部分倒装,由从句谓语动词 retired可知时态是一般过去式,应借助于did进行部分倒装。
例2. It was not until I came here_______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. (2012湖南卷)
A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析:考查强调句型。使用“it was…..that..”句型对not until I came here进行强调。
9. 含有“ It+is/was not+时间名词+before从句”,意为"不久(没过多久).....就...."如:
It won't be long before we meet each other.我们不久就会见面的.
It was not long before he appeared. 他不久就出现了。
例1: John thinks it won’t be long_______ he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西卷)
A. when B. after C. before D. since
解析:句意“John认为要不了多久他就会为新工作做好准备的”。
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