阅读理解备考方略.doc

幽默故事类阅读理解
【题型说明】幽默故事类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。这类文章是对社会生活、人的外貌及性格特征、言行举止等某些可笑的特征进行喜剧性描述的特殊文体。其特点是对事情本身的描述符合人们的一般思维习惯，而文章的最后则出其不意的点出其违背常理或不合逻辑的地方。该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的有关细节、文章的幽默之所在着手，以便考查同学们的思维能力和判断能力。对于这类文章，同学们也有文章好读，但题目不好做的感觉。
【题型特点】从形式上看，幽默故事都比较简短，它所描述的往往是一个片断的情景，一些有关前因后果的说明常常被省去（命题者往往会对这些被省去的情节命题，要求考生根据故事的发展和结局进行推测）。从内容上看，幽默故事往往来自于日常生活，使人感到这故事好像想得到，但随着故事的发展、矛盾的展开，尤其是意外结尾的到来，这时读者才会感到幽默之所在。另外值得一说的是：幽默故事还往往包含一些含蓄、风趣的小对话，这些对话被称为幽默故事的灵魂，所以同学们在阅读时还要注意分清在这些对话中，哪些是作铺垫的，哪些是照应前面的，而哪些才是体现“幽默”的。当你读完一篇幽默故事之后，你若还看不出其幽默之所在，我们建议你再去仔细体会一下文章中的对话，而尤其是最后的几句对话，再联系你的生活常识，幽默往往在此。至于命题，幽默故事的命题往往是推理性的，所以同学们做这类题时，一定要根据故事情节的展开、发展、结局（尤其要注意其幽默点）进行合理的推断，选出最佳答案。
【备考方略】在解答这类短文的理解题时，我们要注意以下几个方面：
1．重末尾。由于中西方人思维方式的差异，加之同学们生活经验和阅历等方面的欠缺，往往不能品味出幽默故事类文章之幽默所在。这就要求同学们在阅读时，要仔细揣摩事情发生的背景、作者的意图，特别是要重点把握文章最后几句画龙点睛的话，分析它们与上下文的对应关系，看透作品所开的善意玩笑，即幽默点，才能真正深层理解文章幽默之所在，只有这样才能做出正确选择。
2．重细节。这类文章的命题除了推理判断题外，还有事实细节题和主旨大意题。要做好事实细节题，必须重视文中细节。做好事实细节题不仅有利于加深对文章的理解，把握文章幽默之所在，而且还有利于解答主旨大意题和推理判断题。所以，对于这类文章中出现的直接引语句子要引起高度重视。
3．重复读。对于这类文章中的主旨大意题，即幽默之所在，不能做出正确概括的话，同学们一定要再读。再读时，速度可以适当快一点，可采取略读、跳读的方式阅读，只从文中抓住有用信息。这样有助于对文章的深层理解。
4．重积累。在平时的阅读训练中，多注意阅读有关文化意识(如英语国家文化背景知识、文化修养、跨文化交际等)国际视野和民族意识等方面的材料，减少因中西方文化差异而带来的不便。
【实战演练】
Mrs. Janes gave music lessons at a school. She had a good voice and enjoyed singing, except that some of her high tones sound like a gate that had forgotten to oil. Mrs. Janes knew her weakness well, and took every chance she could find to practise these high notes. As she lived in a small house, where she could not practise without disturbing the rest of the family, she usually went for long walks along the country roads whenever she had time and practised her high notes there. Whenever she heard a car or a person coming along the road, she stopped and waited until she could no longer be heard before she started practicing again, because she was a shy person.
One afternoon, a fast, opened car came up behind her so silently and so fast that she didn’t hear it until it was only a few yards from her. She was singing some of her highest and most difficult tones at that time and as the car passed; she saw an anxious expression came over the driver’s face. He stopped his car suddenly, jumped out and began to examine all his tyres carefully.
Mrs. Janes didn’t dare to tell him what the noise he had heard really was, so he got back into the car and drove off.
1. How did Mrs. Janes sing?
A. She sang well, but she didn’t practise singing hard.
B. She enjoyed singing, but she had a terrible voice.
C. She was a good singer, but she could not sing the high tones well.
D. She sang terribly, she was no singer at all.
2. Why did she go for long walks along the country roads?
A. Because she enjoyed the country’s fresh air.
B. Because she was afraid to disturb the rest of the family.
C. Because she lived in a small house far away.
D. Because she was afraid to practise the high tones.
3. Why did the driver stop his car suddenly and jump out of it?
A. Because he supposed something must have gone wrong with his car.
B. Because he was moved by the pretty voice of Mrs. Janes.
C. Because he wondered what had happened to Mrs. Janes.
D. Because he frightened by the terrible voice of Mrs. Janes.
4. Where did the noise come from?
A. From the small house. B. From Mrs. Janes’ voice. C. From the types. D. From the engine.
【答案与解析】 Mrs. Janes 喜欢唱歌，但她的高音很难听，于是她就沿乡村小路在没有人的时候练习。一天，她没有注重到一辆汽车经过，司机听到声音，以为是车轮胎出了毛病。
1. C。推理判定题。根据第1段第 2 句She had a good voice and enjoyed singing, except that some of her high tones sound like a gate that had forgotten to oil(她歌唱得好，也喜欢唱，只是某些高音符听起来像忘了加油的门)可推知她是一个好歌手，只是某些高音符唱不好。故答案为C。摘自
2. B。推理判定题。根据第1段倒数第 2 句As she lived in a small house, where she could not practise without disturbing the rest of the family 可知因为她住的房子很小，一练歌就打搅其他人。可推知他是怕打搅其他人。故答案为B。
3. A。推理判定题。根据第2段最后两句she saw an anxious expression came over the driver’s face. He stopped his car suddenly, jumped out and began to examine all his tyres carefully 司机焦虑的表情和忽然停车、跳出车、仔细检查轮胎一系列动作，可推知司机以为是他的车出毛病了。故答案为A。
4. B。推断题第2段第 2 句She was singing some of her highest and most difficult tones at that time and as the car passed可推知司机听到的声音是Mrs. Janes 练高音符发出的声音。