商学导论演讲稿.docx

商学导论演讲稿
identifywhetherafirmproducesproductsorservices，itneedsaproductionprocess（alsocalledconversionprocess），oraseriesoftasksinwhichresourcesareusedtoproduceaproductorservice.
manypossibleproductionprocessescanachievetheproductionofaspecificproduct.thus，effectiveproductionmanagement（oroperationsmanagement）aimsatdevelopinganefficient（relativelylow-cost）andhigh-qualityproductionprocessforproducingspecificproductsandservices.themainresourcesthatfirmsusefortheproductionprocessarehumanresources（employees），materials，andotherresources（suchasbuildings，machinery，andequipment）firmsthatproduceproductstendtousemorematerialsandequipmentintheirproductionprocess.firmsthatproduceservices（suchasinternetfirms）usemoreemployeesandinformationtechnology.
humanresourcesfirmsmustidentifythetypeofemployeesneededforproduction.skilledlaborisnecessaryforsomeformsofproduction，butunskilledlaborcanbeusedforotherforms.theoperatingexpensesinvolvedinhiringhumanresourcesaredependentbothonthenumberofemployeesandontheirskilllevels.（putdifferentpeopleintheappropriatestation）
materialsthematerialsusedintheproductionprocessarenormallytransformedbythefirm’shumanresourcesintoafinalproduct.suchasrubber，steel，paper.thenumberandthequalityisveryimportantbecauseitattachestothecost.
otherresourcesabuildingisneededformostformsofproduction.manufacturersusefactoriesandoffices.servicefirmsuseoffices.rentthebuildings
lastbutnotleastcombiningtheresourcesforproductionmanagersattempttoutilizetheresourcesjustdescribedinamannerthatachievesproductionatalowcost.theycombinethevariousresourceswiththeuseofworkstationsandassemblylines.aworkstationisanareainwhichoneormoreemployeesareassignedaspecifictask.aworkstationmayrequiremachineryandequipmentaswellasemployees.andanassemblylineconsistsofasequenceofworkstationsinwhicheachworkstationisdesignedtocoverspecificphasesoftheproductionprocess.employeesusebuildings，machinery，andequipmenttoconvertmaterialsintoaproductorservice.
mostproductionprocessesaremoreefficientwhendifferentemployeesareassigneddifferenttasks.inthisway，employeescanutilizetheiruniquetypesofexpertisetospecializeinwhattheydobest.
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