强调句型略谈.doc

强调句型略谈
湖南 孙天桥
一、关于强调句型
强调句型是中学阶段所学过的比较重要的句型之一，也是高考的重点和热点之一。它的基本句型结构是： It is (was) + 被强调的成份 + that (who , whom ) + 其他成份 。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。例如：
They will have a meeting tomorrow. 他们明天开会。
→It is they who /that will have a meeting tomorrow. (强调主语)
就是他们明天要开会。 (而不是其它的人。)
→It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow. (强调宾语)
他们明天是要开会。（而不是做别的。）
→It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting. (强调时间状语)
就是在明天他们要开会。 （而不是其它时间。）
二、学习强调句型应注意的要点有：
１、强调句中通常强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）、状语、短语和从句。其中的it 本身没有词义。
２、强调句中的连接词一般只用who 、whom (指人)、that (可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者说where 。而且连接词都不能省略。如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)
３、that 或who 、whom 之后动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。（即人称和数要与原句中的一致。） 如：
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds .
4、强调句型的时态只有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。原句中的谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时的，用It was ... , 其他的时态用 It is ... 。如：
It was the way he asked that really upset me .
5、It is (was) ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果要强调谓语时，用助动词do , did 或does。如：
Do sit down .
He did write to me last week .
Do be careful in the exam .
6 、 强调句中的 it和 it 作为形式主语的区分是：把It is(was) ... that 去掉后，如果能还原成完整的句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是。比较：
It is there that accidents often happen. 去掉it is ...that 后，句子变成：There accidents often happen . 是一个完整的句子。由此可判断该句是强调句，它强调要点状语there 。
三、强调句型的常见考法：
考生对强调句型的一般用法较易掌握，但当碰到稍复杂一点的句子时，有时就丢分了，这是因为没有过多注意强调句的一些常见考法。近年来，关于强调句型的常见考法有：
１、用少见的介词短语来作为被强调的成份。如：
It was for this reason that he left that school.
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
2、用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的成份。如：
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty . (NMET 98)
3、用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调成份。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. (MET 92)
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began . (NMET 95)
4、在被强调部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂来迷惑考生。 如：
It was on July 7th , 1975 when he was born that his father died.
5、通过句型转换来迷惑考生。 如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，也可以把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：
Was it during the Second World War that he died?
When was it that the sports meeting began ?
It was not Tom that stole the book .
Wasn't it he that had made a mistake?
6、通过改变动词形式来迷惑考生。 一般强调句型的谓语动词为 is 或 was ，但在其前面还是可以加上如 may / might /must 等表推测的情态动词。如：
It might be him that you met yesterday.
总之，对于强调句型，不但要掌握它的基本用法与学习要点，而且还要重视它的考法，提高自己的辨别能力，判断出一个句子是否为强调句，再作出正确的选择。

—Where did you meet her?
—It was in the hotel _________ she stayed.
A.that B.where C.which D.there
10.—When did you arrive in Shanghai?
—It was five _________ I arrived there.
A.when B.that C.which D.at which
9.B 这里不是强调句型。特别注意上一句问“你在哪里见到她？”下一句回答“在她呆的旅馆见到她。”where she stayed是个定语从句。
10.A 这里也不是强调句型。上句问“什么时候到上海？”下句回答“到达的时间是五点”。
21. —Who was _____called this morning?
—Mrs. Brown, our new neighbour.
A. it that B. it whom C. she that D. she who

作者姓名：孙天桥
工作单位：湖南省益阳市十八中
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e-mail: suntianqiao2000@
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