U8备课单.doc

Unit 8
Grammar
一、there be 句型
1. 基本句型结构：There+ be+ 主语+ 介词短语 表示“在某处（客观存在）有某人或物”
e.g. There are some apples on the table.-----肯定句
There aren’t any apples on the table.----- 否定句
Are there any apples on the table?-----一般疑问句
回答：Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. （不用人称代词答）
（划线部分提问） How many apples are there on the desk?
练习：教室里有许多学生。 附近有一间超市。 等等。
2. there be sb. doing sth. + 介词短语 表示“在某处有某人正在做着某事”
e.g. There is an old man sitting on the chair.
There are some boys playing soccer on the playground.
练习：动物园里有一只考拉正在爬树。 有两只小鸟正在树上唱歌。 等等。
3. 动词就近原则
e.g. There is an apple and two books on the desk.
= There are two books and an apple on the desk.
*4. there/ here倒装句
e.g. 主语为名词，全倒装。 Here is a photo for you. Here comes the bus.
主语为代词，部分倒装。 There it is! Here we go!
5. 区别： there be （客观存在着）有 There are three books on the sofa.
have/has （主观）拥有 I have three books.
练习： 图书馆里有各种各样的书。There are different kinds of books in the library.
重庆有很多山。 There are many mountains in Chongqing.
我们有很多好朋友。 We have many good friends.

二、问路常用语。
1. Where is the bank?
2. Can you tell me how to get to the bank?
3. Can you tell me the way to the bank? (注: Can you tell me the way there?)
4. How can I get to the bank?
5. Which is the way to the bank?
6. Is there a bank near/around here? (Yes….)
----回答：
1. It’s over there. –在--那里
2. It’s between the post office and the restaurant. 在---之间
3. It’s next to the park. 紧邻= be close to sp
4. It’s across from the supermarket. 在---对面
5. It’s in front of the police station. 在--前面
6. It’s behind the library. 在--后面
7. It’s beside the hospital. 在---旁边
8. It’s around/near the shopping center.在---附近
9. It’s about eight hundred meters (far) away from here.
10. It’s 15 minutes’ drive from here.
11. It’s (in/ on/ to) the east / west/north/south of the school.

三、方位介词详细用法：
1. between prep.
1) A is between B and C
e.g. The hospital is between the bank and the post office.
2) Between the mountains is a river. 倒装句
2. next to 紧邻 = close to & next adj 下一个的
e.g. The shop is next to/ close to the restaurant.
e.g. next month/ Friday （注意前面不加介词）
3.across
1） go across= cross 跨过
e.g. Tom crosses the road quickly.= Tom goes across the road quickly.
2）be across from 在---对面
The bank is across from the library and beside the shop.
4. in front of sth 在--前面（外部）& in the front of sth（内部）
反义词： at the back of sth 在--后面 & behind
My house is behind the school and across from the restaurant. How about you?
There is a girl crying at the back of the classroom.
There is a police station in front of the bus station.
The whiteboard is in the front of the classroom.
5. 介词短语放句首 + be + 主语 （倒装句）
e.g. A restaurant is across from the library.
= Across from the library is a restaurant.
= There is a restaurant across from the library.
Between the libraries ______ a bank.
In front of the library ______ two pay phones.

Vocabulary词汇
1. office n. 办公室 an office
post office 邮局
翻译：邮局在哪里？(practice)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. police n.警方（集合名词）注：a police (X)
The police are looking for the missing boy.
policeman 一个警察 ---policemen---n. pl. & men teachers/ women teachers
policewoman --- policewomen ---n. pl. boy students/ girl students
police station
e.g. How many ___________(policeman) are there in the __________ station now?
3. 餐馆restaurant n. –首字母填空
4. 1)bank n.& hotel 银行&酒店；旅馆
这个银行在酒店对面，并且挨着医院。
The bank is across from the hotel and next to the hospital.
2) bank 河堤,河岸 on the bank 在河边
5. hospital n
in hospital 生病住院 & in the hospital 在医院（但不一定生病）
e.g. Because he is ill in hospital, his parents are in the hospital to look after him.
6.
1) street n. 街道 in the street on Center Street The restaurant is on Center Street.
2) road n. 道路 on the road
way n. 路线 on the/ one’s way to sp & on the/ one’s way here/there/ home

7. pay 付款 v.& n.
1) pay phone 付费电话
2) pay sb He pays me (five dollars).
pay $ He pays five dollars.
pay for sth He pays for the book.
pay sb for sth He pays me (five dollars) for the red pen.
pay + $ +for sth= buy sth for $= spend $ on sth/ (in) buying sth
He pays five yuan for the the red pen.
= He buys the red pen for five yuan.
= He spends five yuan on the red pen/ in buying the red pen.
8. around
adv& prep
A. prep. 到处；附近
e.g. Is there a hospital around here?=Is there a hospital near here? = Is there a hospital in the neighborhood?
B. adv..大约
e.g. He gets up at around /about seven o’clock in the morning.
C. show sb. around sp
Please show us around your new school.
9. north n. 北方
northern adj.
北京在中国的北方。（三种）--review
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
10. along prep. 沿着 & pass v. 经过；路过
walk / go along the street 沿着这条街走
go up（向北、上坡）/ go down （向南，下坡）
e.g. Go along the North Street and the school is on your left side.
11.turn v. 转
turn left/ right 向左转、右转
turn on /off/
turn up/down turn it on/ turn them off
e.g It’s too noisy. Can you turn down the radio?
turning/ crossing十字路口
at the first/second/third turning
at the zebra crossing 在斑马线处
You must turn left at the first turning . = You must take the first turning on the left.
12.left & right n/ adv/adj
n. on the left / right
同义句：I’m on your left.= You’re on my right.
adv. turn left/ right
adj on the left side/ on the right side
沿着这条路走，在第二个路口处左转，医院就在你的右边。（翻译）
Walk along the street and turn left at the second crossing/turning, and the hospital is on your right.
= Walk along the street and take the second turning on the left, and the hospital is on your right.
12. neighborhood n. 街坊
in one’s /the neighborhood 在(某人的)街区
live in a noisy neighborhood
neighbor cn. 邻居
The neighbors from Canada are very friendly to us.
13. spend v.
1） spend +time/money + (in) doing sth/ on sth
He spends lots of time in doing his homework/ on his homework.
He spends two hundred yuan on the new coat./ in buying his new coat.
2）（同义句）
He spends 200 yuan (in) buying the new T-shirt. = He pays 500 yuan for the new T-shirt.
= He buys the new T-shirt for 500 yuan.
= He buys the new T-shirt at the price of 500 yuan.
He spend one hour (in) doing his homework. = It takes him one hour to do his homework.
14. climb v.
How about climbing the mountains?
15. air un. & sunshine un. * an airport
I like the fresh air and warm sunshine.
20. free
1)be free to do sth adj 自由的
e.g. I’m free to have a nice trip.
2)The juice is free. adj免费的
What do you want to drink?
21.enjoy v.
enjoy doing sth
Let’s enjoy _________(listen) to the relaxing music.
enjoy oneself= have fun =have a good time + (in) doing sth
22. easily adv
I can work out the math problem _________(easy).
easy adj ---difficult/hard adj
an easy question
It’s easy for sb to sth.
It’s easy to do sth.
对于他来说弹钢琴很简单。(practice)
_______________________________________________________________
23. money un.
much/ a lot /some/ money
make money 赚钱
save money 存钱/节约钱
24. clothes store 服装店
shoe store 鞋店
bookstore 书店
25. live
live in sp He lives in CQ for ten years.
live with sb Rick lives with his host family in America.
live at + No. 996 Green Street.&live at school （住在几栋几号）
live on + North Street （住在哪条街上）& live on the farm

26. when (conj.) 当……的时候
e.g. When I arrive home, I do my homework first.
When you walk along the street, you can see a post office on your left.
=Walk along the street, and you can see a post office on your left.