资源描述
UNIT1
network n. 网络,电路 resistor n. 电阻器
inductor n. 电感器 capacitor n. 电容器
passive network 无源网络 active network 有源网络
characteristic adj. 特性(的);n. 特性曲线Ohm n. 欧姆
Faraday n. 法拉第electric charge 电荷
Integral n. 积分 increment n. 电枢,衔铁,加固
aforementioned adj. 上述的,前面提到的represent v. 代表,表示,阐明
amplify v. 放大 Symbolic adj. 符号的,记号的
mesh n. 网孔 Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律
loop current 回路电流 voltage drop 电压降
Pulsate v. 脉动,跳动,振动 apparatus n. 一套仪器,装置
rated adj. 额定的,设计的,适用的 coil n. 绕组,线圈;v. 盘绕
distribution n. 分配,分布,配电 generator n. 发生器,发电机
emf(electromotive force ) 电动势 interconnect v. 互相连接
wye n. Y形联结,星形联结,三通 delta n. 希腊字母D(d),三角形(物)
geometry n. 几何学,几何形状 winding adj. 缠绕的;n. 线圈,绕组
polarity n. 极性 neutral adj. 中性的;n. 中性线
subscript n. 下标,角注,索引 succeed v. 继……之后,接替
intersection n. 相交,逻辑乘法 phase sequence 相序
reverse v., n. 反转;adj. 变换极性的
UNIT1 B 前两段
三相电路不过是三个单相电路的组合。因为这个事实,
所以平衡三相电路的电流、电压和功率关系可通过在三相电
路的组合元件中应用单相电路的规则来研究。这样看来,三
相电路比单相电路的分析难不了多少。
使用三相电路的原因
在单相电路中,功率本身是脉动的。在功率因数为1时,
单相电路的功率值每个周波有两次为零。当功率因数小于1
时,功率在每个周波的部分时间里为负。
虽然供给三相电路中每一相的功率是脉动的,但可证明
供给平衡三相电路的总功率是恒定的。基于此,总的来说三
相电气设备的特性优于类似的单相电气设备的特性。
At the most basic level, a signal amplifier does exactly what you expect – it makes a signal bigger! However, the way in which it is done does vary with the design of the actual amplifier, the type of signal, and the reason why we want to enlarge the signal. We can illustrate this by considering the common example of a “Hi-Fi” audio system(高保真音响系统).
在最基本的层面上,信号放大器正是你所期望的--它使信号更大.!然而,它的方式做的变化与实际放大器的设计,信号的类型,以及为什么我们要扩大信号的原因。我们可以说明通过考虑“高保真音响系统常见的例子(高保真音响系统)。
2.Many practical amplifiers chain together a series of analog amplifier stages to obtain a high overall voltage gain. For example, a PA system(功率放大系统) might start with voltages of the order of 0.1 mV from microphones, and boost(放大) this to perhaps 10 to 100 V to drive loudspeakers. This requires an overall voltage gain of 109, so a number of voltage gain stages will be required.
2、许多实际放大器串联在一起的一系列模拟放大器阶段,以获得高的整体电压增益。例如,一个公共广播系统(功率放大系统)可能会开始以0.1 mV的电压升压为麦克风,和(放大)到10至100 V驱动扬声器。这需要一个整体的电压增益为109,所以需要一个电压增益级数。
proportional to 与…成正比 developed 建立
Accumulating 累积 integral 积分
proportionality constant 比例常数
Increments 增量 conventional 惯用的
chemical energy 化学能 mechanical energy 机械能
rotating armature 旋转的电枢
mesh or loop analysis 网孔法或回路分析法
Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律
algebraic sum 代数和 termed loop currents- 所谓的回路电流
Faraday’s law 法拉第定律 Ohm’s law
assumed current 假设电流 differential equation 微分方程
UNIT2
amplifier n. 放大器
integrated circuit 集成电路
building blocks 积木
potential n. (电)势,电位;潜能,潜力; adj. 潜在的
cascade :[kæs'keid] n., v. 串联;adj. 串联的
on the order of 属于同类的,约为
trade off 换取
cumbersome :['kʌmbəsəm] adj. 麻烦的
intrinsic:[in'trinsik] adj. 内在的
circuitry :['sə:kitri] n. 电路
Operational Amplifiers (OAs) are highly stable, high gain dc difference amplifiers. Since there is no capacitive coupling between their various amplifying stages, they can handle signals from zero frequency (dc signals) up to a few hundred kHz. Their name is derived by the fact that they are used for performing mathematical operations on their input signal(s) .
运算放大器(OAS)是高度稳定的,高增益直流差分放大器。由于其不同的放大阶段之间没有电容耦合,他们可以处理信号从零频率(DC信号)高达几百千赫。他们的名字来源于一个事实,即它们用于在输入信号上执行数学运算.。
Because of their very high open loop gain, OAs are almost exclusively used with some additional circuitry (mostly with resistors and capacitors) required to ensure a negative feedback loop. Through this loop a tiny fraction of the output signal is fed back to the inverting input. The negative feedback stabilizes the output within the operational range and provides a much smaller but precisely controlled gain, the so-called closed loop gain.
由于其很高的开环增益,OAS与一些额外的电路几乎完全用(主要是电阻和电容)需要确保一个负反馈回路。通过这个循环的一小部分的输出信号反馈到反相输入。负反馈稳定的输出范围内的操作范围,并提供了一个更小的,但精确控制的增益,所谓的闭环增益。
generalized amplifiers 广义放大器 integrated circuit 集成电路
two-port system 二端口系统 principles 定律
filter circuits 滤波器电路 building blocks 积木
totally general analysis 全面综合分析 power supplies 电源
ground potential 地电位 differential devices 差分器件
composite ‘chip’ 复合芯片 semiconductor material 半导体材料
Cascading 串联 output resistance 输出阻抗
UNIT3
flip-flop n. 触发器
relevance :['relivəns] n. 关联
terminology :[,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] n. 术语
aptness n. 恰当
pilot n. 飞行员
aloft[ə'lɔft] adv. 高高地
cockpit ['kɔkpit] n. 坐舱
deduce v. 演绎
simultaneously :[saiməl'teiniəsli] adv. 同时地
Boolean algebra :['bu:li:ən]布尔代数
gate n. 门,门电路
prevalent :['prevələnt] adj. 流行的
inhibit [in'hibit] v. 抑制,禁止
Latch and flip-flop are memory elements which are used in switching circuits. A latch is a memory element whose excitation input signals control the state of the device.
锁存器和触发器是用于开关电路的存储元件.。闩锁是一个存储元件,其激励输入信号控制设备的状态。
If a latch has an excitation input signal that force the output of the device to 1, it is called a set latch. If it has an excitation input signal that forces the device output to 0, it is called a reset latch. If the device has both set and reset excitation signals, it is called a set-reset latch. A Flip-Flop differs from a latch is that it has a control signal called a clock.
如果一个锁存器有一个激励输入信号,迫使设备的输出到1,它被称为一个集锁存器。如果它有一个激励输入信号,迫使设备输出到0,它被称为复位锁存器。如果设备既设置和复位激励信号,它被称为一组复位锁存器。触发器不同于锁存器,它有一个叫做时钟的控制信号.。
Basic SR Flip-Flop. Basic SR Flip-Flop (SR latch) is often called SR latch. The SR Flip-Flop is a circuit with two cross-coupled NOR gates or two cross-coupled NAND gates. It has two inputs,S for set, R for reset. The SR Flip-Flop is shown in Fig. 4.1. It is constructed with two cross-coupled NOR gates.
基本的简式触发器。基本SR触发器(SR锁存器)通常被称为SR锁存器。SR触发器电路两交叉耦合非门或两个与非门。它有两个输入,S设置,R复位。随机共振的触发器如图4.1所示。它构建了两个交叉耦合非门。
UNIT5
commercially[kə'mɜ:ʃəlɪ] adv. 工业地,商业地permanent-magnet DC motor 永磁直流电动机
series-wound DC motor 串励直流电动机 shunt-wound DC motor 并励直流电动机
compound-wound DC motor 复励直流电动机 counterpart n. 对应物,配对物
brush n. 电刷 commutator n. 换向器,整流器
assembly n. 装置,构件 stator['steɪtə] n. 定子
rotor['rəʊtə(r) n. 转子 alnico n. 铝镍钴合金,铝镍钴永磁合金
ceramic[sə'ræmɪk ] adj. 陶瓷的 horsepower n. 马力,功率
frame n. 机壳,机座 demagnetization n. 去磁,退磁
flux[flʌks ] n. 磁通 mechanical power 机械功率
shaft[ʃɑ:ft ] n. 转轴 field winding['waɪndɪŋ] n. 励磁绕组
turn n. 匝数 rheostat['ri:əˌstæt ] n. 变阻器
cumulative ['kju:mjələtɪv ] adj. 累积的 differential adj. 差的,差别的
scheme n. 方法,形式,示意图 proportional to 与……成正比的
sensor n. 传感器 filter v. 滤波
ripple n. 波纹,波动 firing angle 触发角
damping n. 阻尼;adj. 阻尼的 steady-state 稳态
prevent…from doing 使……不…… threshold n. 阈
override v., n. 超过,压倒 converter n. 逆变器,整流器
accelerate v. 加速 saturation n. 饱和
disturbance n. 扰动,干扰 transient adj. 暂态的,瞬态的,过渡的
overshoot n. 超调量 deteriorate v. 恶化,变坏
sluggish adj. 惰性的,缓慢的 oscillatory adj. 振荡的
tolerant adj. 容许的,容忍的 at the most 至多
Autotransformer starting is another method used to start electric motors. This method employs one or more autotransformers to control the voltage that is applied to a motor.
自耦变压器开始使用另一种方法来启动电动机。该方法采用一个或多个自耦变压器控制施加到电机的电压。
The autotransformers used are ordinarily tapped to provide a range of starting-current control. When the motor has accelerated to near its normal operating speed, the autotransformer windings are removed from the circuit. A major disadvantage of this method is the high expense of the autotransformers.
自耦变压器的使用通常是用来提供一系列的起动电流控制。当电机加速到接近其正常运行速度,自耦变压器绕组从电路中切除。这种方法的主要缺点是费用高的自耦变压器。
One method of starting electric motors is called full-voltage starting. This method is the least expensive and the simplest to install. Since full power supply voltage is applied to the motor initially, maximum starting torque and minimum acceleration time result. However, the electrical power system must be able to handle the starting current draw by the motor.
启动电动机的一种方法称为全电压起动.。这种方法是最便宜和最简单的安装。由于全电源电压最初应用于电机,最大启动转矩和最小加速时间结果。然而,电力系统必须能够处理起动电流由电机绘制。
UNIT7
Transformer 变压器 grid 格子
Substation 变电站 reserve capacity 储存功率
Prime mover 原动机 blackout 大区域停电
turbine 涡轮 outage 暂时停电
aluminum 铝 landslide 泥石流
copper-clad 镀铜 sabotage 破坏
suspend 悬挂 sophisticated 复杂精密的
latticework 格子 continuity 连续性
porcelain 瓷制的 constancy 恒定
supplementary 辅助的 synchronous condenser 同步调相机
circuit breaker 断路器 nullify 无效
immerse 沉浸 pollutant 污染物质
quench 熄灭 off-peak 非高峰的
wiring 配线 geothermal 地热的
alloy 合金
data acquisition 数据采集 relay 继电器
personnel 人员 dial-out 拔叫
console 控制台 bypass 旁路
pole-top 杆顶 interchangeably 可交换的
instrument transformer 仪表互感器 auto-isolation 自动隔离
transducer 传感器 auto-sectionalizing 自动分段
originate 发生 auto-restoration 自动恢复供电
trench 电缆沟 dead substation transfer 故障变电站转移
tray 盘子 substation load transfer 变电站负荷转移
lease 出租 load flow 潮流
harmonic 谐波 archive 存档
load tap changer 负载抽头开关转换器 deferment 延期
recloser 开关 responsiveness 响应
time-of-day 日历时钟
PART 2 UNIT5
constraint n. 强迫,约束 multiply v. 加倍,倍增
stimulus n. 刺激,鼓励 optimal control 最优控制
dominate v. 支配,使服从 package n. 包
very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) 超大规模集成电路numerical adj. 数字的
matrix n. 矩阵 pl. matrices linear vector space 线性矢量空间
ad hoc 尤其,特定地
alleviate v. 减轻,缓和 arbitrary adj. 任意的
formulation n. 公式化(表达) I mplementation n. 实现,履行
attain v. 达到,实现 constitute v. 构造,组织
insofar as 到这样的程度,在……范围内 continuum n. 连续
gross national product 国民生产总值 trade deficit 贸易赤字
scalar adj. 数量的,标量的;n. 数量,标量 n-dimensional adj. n维的
circumstance n. 状况,环境
PART3 UNIT1
architecture n. 体系结构 instruction set 指令集
binary-coded adj. 二进制编码的 central processing unit (CPU) 中央处理器
processor n. 处理器 location n. (存储)单元
word length 字长 access v. 存取,接近
fetch v., n. 取来 field n. 域,字段
opcode n. 操作码 operand n. 操作数
address n. 寻址 single-precision adj. 单精度的
floating-point adj. 浮点的 terminal n. 终端
complement v. 补充,求补 decode v. 解码,译码
request n. 请求 inactive n. 不活动,停止
I/O-mapped adj. 输入/输出映射的(单独编址
memory-mapped adj. 存储器映射的(统一编址)
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