刹车片基础知识-文档资料.ppt

,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片基础知识,1,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,目录,制动系统基本知识介绍,制动产品,-,刹车片,/,蹄知识介绍,-,刹车盘,/,油简介,-,其他,2,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,制动系统基本知识介绍,功用：,根据需要使汽车减速或停车，以保证行车或驻车安全。,组成：,行车制动装置,驻车制动装置,辅助制动装置,3,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,行车制动装置,鼓式制动器,盘式制动器,4,鼓式制动装置基本结构,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,制动踏板,制动主缸,制动油管,制动鼓,制动轮缸,摩擦片,制动蹄,回位弹簧,5,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,6,标准式的鼓式制动,（带制动杆）,制动分泵,回位弹簧,领（制动）蹄,制动鼓,手闸杆,制动摩擦片,回位弹簧,制动线,制动底板,定位销,从（制动）蹄,鼓式制动器,优点：,有自增力效应，制动力大,寿命长，价格低廉,易于与手刹集成,缺点：,散热性差，存在热衰退,制动力稳定性差,磨损不均匀，不容易调整与更换,容易产生噪音,Bosch braking product introduction,7,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,二、盘式制动器,结构：,制动盘,制动钳体,一汽奥迪,100,轿车前轮制动器,制动块,活塞,制动钳导向销,8,1,、定钳盘式制动器（固定式制动钳制动器）,结构：,活塞,制动钳体,制动块,车桥,进油口,制动盘,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,9,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,2,、浮钳盘式制动器构造,结构：,车桥,导向销,进油口,活塞,制动钳,制动块,制动盘,10,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,工作原理,11,固定式制动钳,滑式制动钳,4,2,1,3,4,2,1,3,5,优点：,散热快，对于温度不敏感,制动力稳定,左右制动力偏差小,产生噪音可能性小,构造简单，调整方便,盘式制动器介绍,1.摩擦衬块,2.活塞,3.,制动,盘,4.,卡钳,5.,支架,缺点：,制动器复杂，价格高,需要制动液压高,摩擦片损耗大,Bosch braking product introduction,12,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片是汽车的刹车系统中最关键的安全零件。因为刹车效果的好坏,都是刹车片起决定性作用，所以说好的刹车片是人和汽车的保护神。,刹车鼓上装的是刹车蹄，但一般人叫刹车片就统指刹车片和刹车蹄，,用“盘式刹车片”来特别指明是盘式制动器上装的刹车片，并不是刹车盘,13,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片的基本构造,摩擦块,粘合剂,/,隔热层,背板,/,钢板,14,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,摩擦材料的配方，一般由1020种原料组成。,不同产品的配方存在差异，而配方的开发要根据具体的车型技术参数。摩擦材料生产厂商对其配方都对外保密。,刹车片摩擦材料配方,原来石棉被证明是最有效的耐磨材料，但在人们知道石棉纤维对健康有害之后，这种材料被其他纤维所取代。现在，优质的刹车片绝对不能含有石棉，不仅如此，还应尽量避免高金属、昂贵而不确定性能的纤维和硫化物。,摩擦材料企业一项长期的工作就是不断开发新型材料以提高摩擦材料性能、环保性和经济性,纤维，树脂粉末，粘合树脂,有机材料,硫化锑，石墨，炭粉,加滑剂,氧化铝，滑石粉，重晶石，氧化铁,填充材料,钢丝绒，铜粉,金属,原材料,原材料类型,刹车片配方示例,15,汽车摩擦材料基本组成。,摩擦材料是一种复合材料,其配方的基本组成是：,粘合剂：525；填料：2080（包括摩擦调节剂）；增强纤维：560 粘合剂：,作用：将材料各组分结为一体。因具有良好的耐温性和强度。粘合剂质量对产品性能影响极大。,热固性树脂：酚醛树脂，改性酚醛树脂，特种耐热树脂,橡胶：天然橡胶 合成橡胶,树脂和橡胶并用,摩擦填料：,作用：提供和稳定摩擦性能，降低磨损。,摩擦填料：硫酸钡、氧化铝、高岭土、氧化铁、长石、硅灰石、铁粉、铜（粉）、铝粉,摩擦性能调节剂：石墨、摩擦粉、橡胶粉、焦炭粉,增强纤维：,作用：提供材料强度，尤其在高温状态下。,石棉纤维：,非石棉纤维：合成纤维、天然纤维、非矿纤维、金属纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维,16,Backup,17,不同刹车片配方体系,美系车,欧系车,日系车,18,关于摩擦系数,摩擦,是指两相对运动物体接触面间的运动阻力。,摩擦力（,F,）的大小是与摩擦系数（,）及摩擦受力面所受垂直方向的正压力（,N,）的乘积成正比，物理学公式表示成：,F=N,。对刹车系统来说是指刹车片与刹车碟的摩擦系数，,N,是卡钳活塞对片所施的力。,摩擦系数越大所产生的摩擦力就越大，但是刹车片与碟盘间的摩擦系数会因为摩擦后所产生的高热而有所变化，也就是说摩擦系数是随温度的的变化而变化，每一种刹车片因为材质的不同而有不同的摩擦系数变化曲线，因此不同的刹车片会有不同的最佳工作温度，及适用的工作温度范围。,刹车片最重要的性能指标就是摩擦系数。国家标准规定的刹车摩擦系数在,0.35-0.40,之间。合格的刹车片摩擦系数适中、稳定，如果摩擦系数低于,0.35,，刹车时就会超过安全制动距离甚至刹车失灵，如果摩擦系数高于,0.40,，刹车容易突然抱死，出现翻车事故。,19,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,PB26En971,不同刹车片的摩擦系数,优质刹车片,不合格刹车片,制动摩擦片的摩擦系数,20,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,优质刹车片：摩擦系数 足够高，舒适性能好，并在各种温度，速度 和压力各项指标 保持稳定,安全,-,稳定的摩擦系数,（常温制动力，热效能，,涉水效能，高速性能）,恢复性能,对偶损伤及抗腐蚀性,舒适,踏板感觉,低噪音,/,低抖动,清洁性,寿命,低磨损率,-,常温高温下的磨损率,如何衡量刹车片的好坏,匹配,安装尺寸,摩擦面贴和状况,附件和外观,裂纹，起泡，分层,报警线和防震垫,包装,Bosch braking product introduction,21,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片的更换周期,制动摩擦片的更换没有固定的周期，随着汽车使用率、驾驶风格及所用材料的不同而有极大差别。较差的摩擦片目前所知只能用,10,000,公里，最好的材料则可以使用超过,90,000,公里。,博世推荐：,可靠的刹车片,/,刹车蹄磨损检查要求取下车轮后评估,盘式刹车片上的摩擦材料厚度不应小于,2,毫米，鼓式刹车蹄上摩擦材料厚度不应小于,1.5,毫米,更换刹车片应左右轮同时更换,当刹车片被油污染时，需要更换,安装有警示灯的车辆，当摩擦材料厚度小于,3.5,毫米时，指示灯会亮，此时应该更换刹车片,更换,2,次盘式摩擦片后才更换,1,次鼓式制动蹄，更换,5,副刹车片，即应更换一张制动盘,同一轴上的刹车片，刹车盘和刹车蹄必须同时更换,换刹车片时,，刹车盘应同时进行检查以发现下列可能的缺陷：裂纹,刮伤,腐蚀,磨损,厚度不均（,DTV,）,22,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片安装的其他注意点,盘式刹车片的衬片厚度低于,2mm,或产品上安装的磨损报警器发出信号，必须更换该刹车片。,同一车轴上的制动蹄（片）必须同时更换，而且必须是同一种制动蹄（片），以保持左右制动力的一致。,在装配制动器前，必须检查制动鼓（盘）和制动蹄（片），其表面不得有油污，不得有裂纹、沟槽等缺陷，否则将极大地影响制动效果和使用寿命。,制动片应存放在阴凉通风的环境中，并保持其外包装的完整。在搬运过程中轻拿轻放，避免刹车片的损坏。,制动盘和制动鼓的材质、硬度、表面状况等会对制动力的输出造成极大影响。,油和制动液的污染会明显降低制动力。,要注意制动系统的调整。,更换刹车片后的排气。,保证各个车轮的制动器同时出力。,注意摩擦材料与制动器（车型）的匹配性。,不要侥幸使用劣质产品和冒牌货。,23,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车片安装后的测试,博世建议使用下列步骤进行安装测试：,将速度加到,40km/h,并轻轻踩踏板，将速度降至约,10km/h,，中间不停。,重复第,1,步至少,10,次，中间允许有一小会间隔。,在安装过程中，不要用力过度或不断地刹车。,如果正在换的刹车片上有一个夹持型的垫片，您可以重新使用并将它重新装到新的刹车片上。夹持型垫片可以手动取下和重装上，不需要任何工具。,刹车片安装前必须进行研磨，其目的是要确保使用中长期没有问题。新的刹车片安装好后必须进行功能测试以确保正确安装。如果安装不当刹车片性能会降低，比如异常声音的出现。,24,制动噪音,制动噪音问题原因很复杂，其相关的机理和相应的解决方案未有权威的指导性意见；制动噪音是制动系统的问题,，,与所有组成制动系统的零部件都可能有关,；,至今仍无人发现制动过程中究竟是哪个零件的震动推动了空气使人听到了制动噪音,；,噪音可能来自于刹车片与刹车盘之间的不平衡摩擦而产生震动，这种震动的声波司机在车内是可以辨别的。,0-50Hz,的低频噪音在车内是觉察不到的，,500-1500Hz,的噪音司机不会将之认为是制动噪音，但是,1500-15000Hz,的高频噪音司机会将之认为是制动噪音。制动噪音的主要决定因素包括制动压力、摩擦片温度、车速和气候条件。,刹车片与刹车盘之间的摩擦接触是点接触,，,在摩擦过程中,，,每一个接触点的摩擦都是不连续的,，,而是点与点之间交替进行过程,，,这种交替使摩擦过程伴随着微小的震动，如果制动系统能有效地将震动吸收,，,就不会引起制动噪音,；,反之,如果制动系统将震动有效的放大,甚至产生共振,，,就可能产生制动噪音,。,制动噪音的发生是随机的,，,目前解决的方法或是制动系统的重新调较,，,或是有计划地改变相关另部件的结构,，,当然也包括改变刹车片的结构,制动过程中的噪音也有很多种，可以通过：噪音是在制动那一刻产生；噪音伴随着制动的整个过程；噪音在制动松开时产生来进行区分。,25,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世为全球众多汽车生产厂商提供制动产品,从,ABS,到完整的制动产品,博世是全球,NO.1,的制动产品制造商,26,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,底盘制动系统,(CB),制动器,助力系统,底盘电子控制系统,(CC),ABS,ESP,传感器,27,Bosch braking product introduction,28,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世制动产品概览,博世全球售后制动产品：,产品线：,26,条,产品：超过,10,，,000,种,制动摩擦片：,2,，,800,种产品，,95,市场覆盖率,传输部件：,5,，,400,种产品，,90,市场覆盖率,制动系统：,2,，,800,种产品，,98,市场覆盖,29,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世制动产品在中国的生产和原厂配套能力,生产研发基地,:,RBAC,苏州,成立于,:,08.1999,员工,:,1725,面积,:,82,472 sq.m,产品,:,制动助力器,主缸及储液罐,制动卡钳,刹车盘,/,片,轮速传感器,ESP,ABS,等,.,在中国的主要客户,:,Bosch braking product introduction,30,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世刹车片,/,蹄,Bosch braking product introduction,安全型,舒适型,31,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,低,高,高,低,市场覆盖率,价格,OE,：,OE,品质,高价格,进口品牌：,高品质,/,性能,品种不全，尤其是国产车型,高价格,没有刹车蹄,保修服务较差,著名国产品牌：,中档价位,系列全,安全性能时常不稳定,没有好的检测设备和技术,低档刹车片：,低廉的价格,质量差，安全性能完全不值得信任,刹车片,刹车蹄,OE,线,舒适性：,OE,品质,/,性能,适中的价格,2,条产品线：满足不同客户的不同需求,售后线,-,安全型：,良好的品质,+,摩擦系数稳定,性价比高,系列全,涵盖刹车蹄,Bosch braking product introduction,32,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,产品特点：,高性价比,先进的大颗粒配方,摩擦系数高，而且稳定，即使在高速或紧急制动时也确保您的刹车安全,低噪音,踩踏舒适，回应灵敏,磨屑少，清洁干净,无石棉半金属配方，健康环保,符合,TS16949,标准,“安全型”刹车片,“舒适型”刹车片,产品特点：,原厂品质。采用国际先进的无金属和低金属配方，满足原厂要求的制动距离,防震防躁附件，最大程度的防止噪音和抖动,满足欧洲,ECE R90,标准,优越的刹车感觉，反应灵敏，能充分满足中高档车制动舒适要求,即使在拥堵的城市和崎岖的山区，同样确保制动平稳安全,磨屑少，清洁干净,长寿命,符合,TS16949,标准,33,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,PB02En766,博世刹车片质量检测满足原厂要求,紧急,减速测试,试车,高速,路试,老化,试验,摩擦,稳定性测试,热,效能试验,抗,剪切力试验,抗,压试验,34,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,市场覆盖率,In safety and reliability,Bosch makes no compromise,持续不断的产品线扩大,2008,年的目标,:,安全型,:85%,舒适型,42%,35,市场常见品牌,菲罗多,FERODO,现为美国辉门公司（,FEDERAL-MOGUL,）旗下品牌。,TRW Automotive,(,天合汽车集团,),TEXTAR,（泰克斯塔）为泰明顿旗下品牌之一,优力（,JURID,）与奔德士（,Bendix,）同属霍尼韦尔,德尔福,(DELPHI),AC,德科（,ACDelco,）,英国明泰斯（,Mintex,）,韩国相信制动器,(SB),法雷奥,(Valeo),国产金麒麟,信义,36,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车盘就是一个圆的盘子，车子行进时它也是转动的。制动,卡钳,就是用来两片夹住刹车盘而产生制动力的。它相对旋转的刹车盘是固定的。踩刹车时就是它夹住刹车盘起到减速或者停车的作用。,盘式刹车,片,(,碟,),分为实心盘（单片盘）和风道盘（双片盘）。从外表看，它在圆周上有许多通向圆心的洞空，称为风道。,汽车,在行使中通过风道处,空气对流,，达到散热的目的的，比实心式散热效果要好许多。现在大部分,轿车,都是前驱，前盘使用频率计磨损较大，故采用前风道盘，后实心盘（单片盘）。,刹车盘,37,Confidential|AA/MKB|April 3,2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,Automotive Aftermarket,如何判断刹车盘的好坏,防锈保护,铸件质量,/,铸造工艺,通风,/,散热处理,标识,/,包装等,低偏磨,/,偏移,Bosch braking product introduction,38,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世刹车盘,China brake disk program overview,Bosch braking product introduction,39,RBCT/MKT|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,博世刹车盘质量特点,Bosch braking product introduction,铸造质量,/,工艺：,-OE,品质,-GG 20,-,合理的化学成分含量（,Cu,，,Carbon,）,-,硬度适中，长寿命,防锈保护,-,三重防锈：防锈涂层，防锈液，,塑封包装,-,全面防锈,-2,年以上库存时间,低偏移,/,偏磨,-,偏移,50m,-,偏磨,15m,40,Confidential|AA/MKB|April 3,2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,Automotive Aftermarket,磨损指示器,Bosch braking product introduction,41,Bosch braking product introduction,Department|12/21/2007|Robert Bosch GmbH 2007.All rights reserved,also regarding any disposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,刹车,油又叫汽车制动液用于汽车液压制动系统的液体。当司机踩,刹车,时，从脚踏板上踩下去的力量，由,刹车,总泵的,活塞,，通过,刹车,油传递能量到车轮各分泵，使摩擦片涨开，达到停止车辆前进的目的。,技术标准：它必须不起化学作用，不受高温的影响，对金属及橡胶不会产生腐蚀、软化、膨胀之影响，目前标准分类有,DOT3,、,DOT4,、,DOT5,。,DOT,是美国汽车安全标准规定标称，其数字越大，级别越高。,DOT,最低沸点标准数据以及,刹车油,更换标准 干沸点,DOT3 205 C DOT4 230C DOT5270 C,湿沸点,DOT3 140 C DOT4 155C DOT5 190 C,刹车油,不同级别，不可混加！,42,