可数名词与不可数名词(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子成分,及基本结构,1,Look at the following story!,I usually read the English book carefully in the study,but today I am reading it at school.,n(名词)v（动词）adj（形容词）adv（副词）,prep（介词）pron（代词）conj(连词),2,8大词类,名词 n.,动词 v.,形容词 adj.,副词 adv.,介词 prep.,连词 conj.,代词 pron.,感叹词 Int.,3,Lets observe them!,1.I am sleeping.,2.She likes music.,3.They are tall.,4.My father gives me a gift.,5.Jack feels the room clean.,S+,S+O,S+P,S+IO+DO,S+O+OC,4,英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语,和补语。,一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）,主语和谓语,。,主语,是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么.,谓语,则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。,5,除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，用在,系动词后,表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的,表语,用在,及物动词后,，表示行为对象或结果的,宾语,，,修饰或限定,名词或代词,的,定语,，,修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词短语，或全句的,状语,以及对一个,名词,或,代词,作进一步解释的,同位语,等。,6,S,+,V,S,+,V,+O,S,+,V,+P,S,+,V,+IO+DO,S,+,V,+O+OC,7,基本句型 一：,（主谓）,主语+不及物动词,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做,不及物动词,，后面可以跟,副词、介词短语、状语从句,等作状语。,本结构是由,主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。,如：,The sun rises.Tom has already left.,主语,可有修饰语,-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语,-,状语,。,8,（不及物动词）,1.Time,2.The moon,3.The man,4.We all,5.Everybody,6.I,7.They,8.He,9.He,10.They,flies.,rose.,cooked.,eat,and drink.,sleeps.,woke.,talked for half an hour.,walked yesterday,is playing,have gone,9,基本句型 二：（主系表）,本结构是由,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,组成，主要用以说明主 语的,特征，类属，状态，身份,等，系动词有,一be动词类：,am、is、are、was、were,二表示变化类：,become、get、turn、grow、go,三感官动词类:,look sound smell taste feel appear,seem,四表示延续性的动词：,remain、,keep,10,（是系动词）,(,表语,),1.This,2.The dinner,3.He,4.Everything,5.He,6.The book,7.The weather,8.His face,is,smells(,闻,),fell,looks,is,is,became,turned,an English dictionary.,good.,happy.,different.,tall and strong.,interesting.,warmer.,red.,11,英语基本句型 三：（主,+,谓,+,宾）,本结构是由,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语构成,。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,1.Tom made,a hole,in the wall.,2.I dont know,if he can come tomorrow,.,3.They havent decided,where to go next.,4.She stopped,teaching English,two years ago.,5.It took,them,ten years to build the dam.,6.Mother promises,to give me a present,.,12,（实义动词）,(,宾语,),1.Who,2.She,3.He,8.He,5.They,6.Danny,7.I,4.He,knows,laugh at,understands,made,ate,likes,want,said,the answer?,her.,English.,cakes.,some apples.,donuts.,to have a cup of tea.,Good morning.,13,冠词,14,不定冠词的用法,1.,表示不指定的单数可数名词,YaoMing is a great player.,2.,第一次提到的名词,There is a dog in the water.,3.,表示一个,I saw a monkey and two giraffes yesterday.,4.,表示每一个,We have three English classes a week.,15,定冠词的用法,1.,用在之前出现过的名词前,I met a boy from America.The boy is tall.,2.,表,“,唯一之物,”,的名词前,the sun the moon the earth,the universe the sky,3.,与最高级同用,the best the most the tallest,16,名词n.,泛指人、事、东西、地方等,名称,，可用以,表示生物、事物或抽象概念。,名词的定义：,17,名词在句子中的作用,一、主语,His,father,is short.,The,taxi driver,is busy.,二、表语,She is our,teacher,.,三、宾语,1.,直接宾语,You must listen to the,teacher,.,2.,间接宾语,She send her mother a,wardrobe,.,3.,介词宾语,The letter is for his,brother,.,18,名词的种类,19,20,可数名词单数定义：,英语中表示,1个,时要用,名词的单数,形式。,21,可数名词的用法,1,、普通名词：,单数 名词前要加,不定冠词,或,定冠词,1.,不定冠词：,a,+,以,辅音音素,起头的名词,e.g.a lemon,an,+,以,元音音素,起头的名词,e.g.an apple,22,a,an,u,mbrella,a,pple,i,ce cream,e,gg,o,range,baby,boy,girl,chair,mirror,23,名词词组前的,不定冠词,a/an,在“形容词,+,名词”之前，,e.g.,an,old house,以其后所接之第一个形容词的发音为判断依据,24,2.,定冠词：“,the”,指特定的物,在,辅音字母,起头前,the,的发音为,/,/,e.g.the book,在,元音字母,起头前,the,的发音为,/,/,e.g.the English book,25,可数名词复数定义,:,英语中表示,2,个或,2,个以上,时要用名词的复数形式。,26,名词复数,1.,词尾,+s,This,is,her,blouse,.,These,are,her blouse,s,.,27,2.,词尾为,s,x,sh,ch,o,+es,It,is,my,dress,.,They are,my dress,es,.,28,a glass-glasses a box-boxes,a tomato-tomatoes a dish-dishes,a watch-watches,29,3.,词尾为辅音,+y,去,y+ies,baby,babies,She,has,a,baby,.,They have,three bab,ies,.,30,a baby-babies a city-cities,a lady-ladies a cherry-cherries,a country-countries,a boy-boys a toy-toys,31,4.,词尾为,f,fe,去,f,fe+ves,My,scarf is,red.,Our scar,ves,are,red.,32,a leaf-leaves a knife-knives,a wife-wives a loaf-loaves,例外：,dwarf-dwarfs roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,33,不规则名词,34,单复数同形的词,35,Look and practice,一、用,a/an,填空,woman,old woman,egg,big egg,umbrella,new umbrella,train,hour,a,an,an,a,an,a,a,an,二、写出下列单词的复数形式,box thief,dish potato,zoo sheep,boxes,thieves,dishes,potatoes,zoos,sheep,36,不可数名词定义,不能以数计算,而且必须通过,容器,或者,天平秤,测量,来,表示的名词就是,不可数名词,。不可数,名词,没有复数,形式，前面也,不可加,a/an,.,37,颗粒类：,大米，糖果，沙子等,液体类：,牛奶，汽水，矿泉水等,气体类：,氢气，氧气，空气等,粉末类：,面粉，粉笔等,肉类：,牛肉，猪肉等,38,将不可数名词转换成可数形式，可使用容器计量。如：,a,jar,of honey,（一罐蜂蜜）,a,bowl,of soup,（一碗汤）,a,bag,of sugar,（一包糖）,也可使用量的单位计量。,如：,a,kilo,of meat,（一公斤肉）,a,pound,of flour,（一磅面粉）,39,单数 数词,+,单数,量词,+of a cup of tea,（一杯咖啡）复数 数词,+,复数,量词,+of two cups of coffee,（两杯咖啡）,40,英语中常见的量词,a glass of a bowl of a piece of,a bottle of a loaf of a slice of,a bar of a tin of a cup of,a box of a jar of a packet of,41,Can you count it?,42,可数名词,不可数名词,43,Look and practice,在不可数名词后的横线上打勾，在可数,名词后的横线上写出相应的复数形式。,orange chocolate,shoe book,jam ink,chalk tooth,fish paper,oranges,shoes,books,teeth,fish,44,this,that,these(这些)，those(那些),指示代词,表示指示概念的词。起,指示,作用，或用来,代替,前面已提到过的名词,。,1)指示代词在时间或空间上对所指人或事物,有,远近,之分。,this和these 近,处,that和those,远,处,2)指示代词在指事物时有,单数、复数,之分。,this和that 单数 is,these或those 复数 are,指示代词,45,this,these,靠近我,that,those,远离我,46,this,that,指单数,these,those,指复数,47,指示代词的基本用法,1.,指示代词既可做,限定词,，又可做,代词,。如：,限定词：,This girl,is Mary.,These men,are my teachers.,代词：,This,is Mary.,These,are my teachers.,48,2.,指示代词的句法功能，可做主语，宾语，,表语，定语。,a.,作主语,This is the way to do it,。这事就该这样做。,b.,作宾语,I like this better than that.,我喜欢这个胜过那个。,c.,作主语补语,My point is this.,我的观点就是如此。,d.,作介词宾语,There is no fear of that,。那并不可怕。,49,注意：指示代词用,作主语,和,定语,时，可指,人或物,；用作,宾语,和,表语,时，,只指物,。,如,This is my father.this,在句中作主语，可以,指人，但是在,Do you know this?,中，,this,作宾,语，此句只能理解为“你知道这个情况吗？”,不能理解为“你认识这个人吗？”,50,