资源描述
演讲的四个目标
l提供信息
toofferinformation;
l使听众感到乐趣
toentertaintheaudience;
l动之以情
totouchemotions;
l使听众行动起来
tomovetoaction;
演讲切忌
1.语速太快;talkingtoorapidly;
2.声音单调;speakinginmonotone;
3.声音尖细;usingtoohighavocalpitch;
4.谈得太多,说得太少;
talkingandnotsayingmuch;
5.感情不充分;
presentingwithoutenoughemotionorpassion;
6.对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;
talkingdowntotheaudience;
7.夸张的词语使用得太多;
usingtoomany"big"words;
8.使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明;
usingabstractionswithoutgivingconcreteexamples
9.使用别人不熟悉的技术术语;
usingunfamiliartechnicaljargon;
10.使用俚语或粗俗语;
usingslangorprofanity;
11.演讲无组织,散乱无序;
disorganizedandramblingperformance;
12.说话绕弯子,不切中主题
indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush;
怎样与听众交流
l要有值得交流的观点;
amessageworthcommunicating;
l引起听众的注意:抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任;
gainthelisteners'attention:capturetheirinterestandbuildtheirtrust;
l重视理解;
emphasizeunderstanding;
l获得反馈;
obtaintheirfeedback;
l注意声调,要有感情;
watchyouremotionaltone;
l说服听众;
persuadetheaudience;
怎样变得自信
l微笑并看着观众
smileandglanceattheaudience;
l开始发言时要慢一点,身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态
startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;
l开场白说一些真诚话
openyourspeechbysayingsomethingveryfrankly;
l穿上自己最好的衣服
wearyourverybestclothes;
l对自己说一些积极的话
saysomethingpositiveto/aboutyourself
怎样组织演讲
l要有一个结构:可以分一二三点;可以从地理上分东南西北;比较与对比;我方与他方;正面与反面;
tohaveastructure:suchasfirst,second,third;geographically,north,south,east,west;compareandcontrasts;oursideversustheirside;negativeandpositive;l将材料归类整理,如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据
tolabelthematerialssuchasjokes,funnyanecdotes,favoritesayings,interestingstatistics;
l使用卡片;
tousenotecards;
怎样使用卡片
l在卡片的右上角标上数字;
numberyourcardsonthetopright;
l在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子;
lwriteacompletesentenceonbothyourfirstandlastcard;
l其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词;
lwriteuptofivekeywordsonothercards;
l用颜色来标记你想强调的词;
lusecolortomarkthewordsyouwanttoemphasize;
l在某一处提醒自己查看时间。
lremindyourselfataparticularsporttocheckthetime.
演讲指南
l预先计划好
planwellinadvance.
l保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色
makesureyoufullyunderstandyourroleintheprogram.
l认真地构思演讲,使其结构符合逻辑
devotecaretostructuringyourspeechlogically.
l认真设定适当的基调
devotecaretosettingthepropertone.
如何开头
l讲个(自己的)故事
totellastory(aboutyourself).
l对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢
toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering.
l称赞一下听众
topaythelistenersacompliment.
l引用名人名言
toquote
l使用一些不平常的数据
touseunusualstatistics.
l问观众一个挑战性的问题
toasktheaudienceachallengingquestion;
l播放录像带或看幻灯片
toshowavideooraslide.
如何结尾
l重复你的开头
torepeatyouropening.
l概括你的演讲
tosummarizeyourpresentation.
l以趣事结尾
toclosewithananecdote.
l以号召行动结尾
toendwithacalltoaction.
l以反问结尾
toaskarhetoricalquestion.
l以一个陈述句结尾
tomakeastatement.
l展示演讲大纲
toshowanoutlineofyourpresentation.
眼神交流
l眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人,在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间;
moveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;
l眼睛直视听众,或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴
lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;
l找到那些看起来比较友善的听众,逐次朝他们微笑;然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众,也逐渐朝他们微笑;
lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;
l如果你感到紧张,不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。
imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.
紧张的典型特征
l手放在口袋里
handsinpockets
l眨眼次数过多
increasedblinkingoftheeyes;
l害怕眼神的接触
failuretomakeeyecontact;
l舔嘴唇和抿嘴唇
lickingandbitingofthelips;
l敲叩手指
fingertapping;
l手势又急又快
fast,jerkygestures
如何使用手势
l手可以指点着假想的物体,不要用食指指着别人;
pointatimaginaryobjectsanddon'tpointatotherswithyourindexfinger;
l尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示
sizeorquantitycanalsoeasilybeshownbyexpandingorcontractingthehands;
l手抬起并与头成四十五度角,优雅地用手势表示出数字
gracefullyshowyouraudiencetheappropriatenumberoffingersbyholdingyourhandsata45degreeanglefromyourhead;
l如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小,将两手伸向前方,尽量分开,并上下移动。
toemphasizephysicalsizesuchaslength,width,holdyourhandsoutinfrontyouwidelyaparttomovethemupanddown.
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