九年级英语第四单元语法总结完整版.doc

Unit 4一、知识点 2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事 The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如： I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树8. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如： What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？9. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太而不能 如： Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松13. in public 在公共场所 如:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is an energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。15. ask sb. to do 叫做某事 ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.16. start doing = start to do. 开始做某事 如： He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如： I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。18.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如： I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如： Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。23. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果24. get along (with)=get on (with) 进行，进展The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？相处 Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？Im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。25. would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sthwould rather than = prefer to 但prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做”He would rather watch TV at home.rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.25. in fact 事实上26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如： Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。27. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如： I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。29. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。30. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。31. hurry to do 匆忙 I hurry to call the police. 32. more than=over 超过34. offer 提供 offer sb sth 给 offer to sb sth 主动提出干35. give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等36.look for寻找find找到、发现find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。37.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来38.talk to/with sb 同说话。tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。speak to sb 同说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。39.What if 如果将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）What if she doesnt come? 她要是不来怎么办？ What if your parent dont agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？40.What does/do look like? 问相貌。Whats like? 问“品质性格”。41.give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告have a report 听报告42.permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许 without permission 未经许可43.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.44.notin the slightest=notat all 根本不45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词46.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词二、短语1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究3、What if 如果怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可11、be(make) friends with 与交朋友 12、ask ones permission 请求的允许13、introduceto 把介绍给 14、inviteto do 邀请干15、social situations 社会环境 16、not in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 对友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）25、let down 使失望 26、come up with 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. be sure to do 相信 be sure +that 从句 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on 在方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干 35、an internet friend 网友宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 常由下面的一些词引导： 由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。 I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 虚拟语气一、词的语气指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）英语中的语气分为三类：陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）祈使语气（用于祈使句） 虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）二、虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式从句 谓语 主句 谓语现在过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形过去Had+过去分词Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词将来 过去式（be用were） should+动词原形were to doshould/would/could/might+动词原形1） 表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you, Id take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功） 2） 表示与过去事实相反的情况eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3）表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪）If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。四、虚拟语气的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-edeg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested He insisted He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice He ordered