Book4Unit3课时学案Grammar.doc

Book 4 Unit 3 课时学案 Grammar
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
【用法呈现】
动词-ing形式作表语
1. 一些表示状态、品质、情绪的动词-ing形式可作表语，这时系动词可以是be, become, get, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, keep等。如：
It’s amazing that you should know that!
The reason he gave was not very convincing.
—What do you think of the story I told you just now?
—It sounds interesting. I like it very much.
2. 动词-ing形式作表语，有时表示主语的内容,这时系动词只能是be。有时为了保持句子平衡，表语和主语可以互换位置。如：
His job is teaching physics in a local middle school.
His favorite sport is playing football.
—Look at the big house over there. Why not buy it for our father?
—OK. As far as I know, his dream is living in a big house (= living in a big house is his dream).

动词-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰成分的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰成分的动作或状态。如：
You need a driving license.
2. 动词-ing形式作后置定语，往往表示动作正在发生或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：
The boy breaking the rule was punished by his teacher.
= The boy who broke the rule was punished by his teacher。
3. 动词-ing形式也可以用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。这时，它与句子其他部分之间用逗号分开。如：
Her uncle, working as a professor, lives in Oxford.
= Her uncle, who works as a professor, lives in Oxford.

动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充和说明作用，强调动作的主动、正在进行。常跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有catch, have, keep, get, see, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。如：
When I entered the room, I found him watching TV.
I heard them singing that nice English song.
2. 动词-ing形式作宾补时，句子可以变为被动语态的句子。变为被动语态时，动词-ing形式要放在过去分词的后面。如：
The boy was caught cheating in the last exam.
His progress is found very satisfying.
3. 介词with后也可接动词-ing形式作宾补，此时with后的宾语是动词-ing形式动作的发出者。如：
With a native villager acting as our guide, we had no trouble getting around.
4. 动词-ing形式作使役动词的宾语补足语时，表示一个动作持续进行。此类动词有：leave, have, get, make等。如：
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
【即时练习】 根据所给提示，试着完成下列对话并注意黑体部分的用法。
1. A: Don’t you think the movie If You Are The One is amaz-ing?
B: Sure. Its amusing lines, _____ (感人的故事) and fasci-nating scenes are really _____ (entertain).
A: I couldn’t agree more. On the whole, the movie itself is thrilling as well as interesting.
B: Yes. It is a movie catching our eyes and _____ (触动我们的心弦).
2. A: I hear that you have got a part-time job in the _____ (阅览室).
B: Oh, yes. My job is _____ (put) the books in order.
A: Got it.
3. A: I am sorry to _____ (让您等这么长时间), but you know, the rush-hour traffic here in Beijing is _____ (bore).
B: Never mind. I know keeping one _____ (wait) is not your style. By the way, I heard your phone _____ (ring) just now.
A: Maybe it was Mr. White. He was found smoking in the office, and will be punished.
【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. The next thing he saw was smoke _____ from behind the house. (2011新课标全国卷)
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
2. On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (江西 2011)
A. says B. said C. saying D. to say
3. Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citi-zens. (江苏 2011)
A. compared B. comparing
C. compares D. being compared
4. Look over there — there’s a very long, winding path _____ up to the house. (山东 2011)
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (浙江2010)
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
6. Listen! Do you hear someone _____ for help? (湖南2010)
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
7. They use computers to keep the traffic _____ smoothly. (2009全国卷II)
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
8. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their chil-dren. (江西2009)
A. forced B. forcing
C. to be forced D. having forced
参考答案
【即时练习】
1. moving stories; entertaining; touching our hearts
2. reading room; putting
3. have kept you waiting so long; boring; wait-ing; ringing
【高考链接】 1-4 BCBA 5-8 DADB