螺旋式清选脱粒装置设计.doc

螺旋式清选脱粒装置设计
脱粒机一般由喂入装置、脱粒装置、分离装置、清选装置、输送装置和机架等组成。脱粒时,谷物由人工铺放到喂入台上,经喂入台送入脱粒装置,由滚筒脱粒。脱粒后的长茎秆从出草口被抛出。谷粒及杂余混合物从凹板的空隙落下,轻杂余被风扇产生的风力吹出机外,粮食落入出粮口后流出。设计有2级滚筒的机型,谷物经第1级滚筒脱粒后进入第2级滚筒,进行第2次脱粒,提高了脱粒净度,与普通机相比具有较高的脱净度。具有风扇和清选筛2种清选装置的机型,在风力清选的基础上,部分不能被风力吹出的轻杂物经清选筛清选后送出机外,加强了清选效果,清选出的粮食较为干净,清洁率明显优于普通机型。设计有逐稿器的脱粒机脱粒时,脱粒后的长茎秆经过逐稿器时被逐稿器不断抖动,使夹带在其中的籽粒被分离出来落入清选装置中,减少了籽粒的夹带损失。

Sheller generally by the feeding device, threshing device, separation device, cleaning device, transmission device and rack etc. Threshing, grains by artificial laid on the feeding stage, the feeding into the threshing device, by roller threshing. After threshing mouth thrown long stem from the grass. Grains and the mixed residual mixture from the concave plate, the gap more than light noise produced by fan wind blowing outside, and that food after falling into a grain outlet flow out. A level 2 design model of roller, grain after level 1 roller threshing enters the drum of level 2, second for threshing, improves threshing clarity, compared with PuTongJi has high clarity. With fan and cleaning sieve cleaning device models, on the basis of the wind power cleaning, parts can not be the wind blow out impurities after cleaning sieve cleaning out the closed, strengthened the cleaning effect, qing choose food is more clean, QingJieLv is better than ordinary models. Design of walkers thresher threshing, threshing after long stalks after draft apparatus were each draft apparatus jitter, entrainment in the grains is separated out falls to the cleaning device, reduce the entrainment loss of grain.

　　sty-480型的脱粒机的清选工作则由扬场机来完成,脱粒时,由螺旋式推运器将籽粒和轻杂余运入扬场机,由扬场机以较大惯性向空中斜线抛出,籽粒由于质量大被抛出较远,而其他轻余被抛出较近,清选工作立即完成。

Sty - 480 type of threshing and cleaning work is done by grain thrower, threshing, the push screw conveyor will be more than impurity substances in grain and transported into the grain thrower, with larger inertia slash thrown into the air by grain thrower, grain thrown far away, because of the large quality and close more than other light thrown, cleaning work to be done immediately.

　　2脱粒机的安全使用技术

2 thresher the safe use of technology

　　2.1使用前准备

2.1 before use

　　一是安全检查。拧紧松动的螺母,如皮带轮、机架、紧固螺丝、滚筒间隙调整螺母,滚筒纹杆或钉齿紧固螺母等,以防发生机械或人身伤亡事故。检查滚筒、皮带轮、轴承座等部件有无裂缝、断开或其他损坏情况。二是试运转。首先在各运转部门加注润滑油,装好传动皮带,先用人力带动脱粒机转动,查看有无卡滞、碰撞和其他异常现象,若有应及时排除。然后接上动力,进行空运转试验,正常后即可试脱,若无问题,就可转入正式使用[2]。三是脱粒机作业场地要选平坦开阔的地方,并注意自然风向,出草和麦糠出口尽量与自然风向一致,以利于草和麦糠的顺利推出。当土工格栅厂家用于手扶拖拉机作动力配套时,应注意排气管的方向,不要面向出草和麦糠出口,也不要朝下安装以免引起火灾。四是操作人员衣着要紧凑,女同志要将发辫包起,防止衣服或头发卷入滚筒或传动皮带造成意外人身伤亡事故。严禁儿童在机器周围玩耍。

Is a security check. Tighten the loose nut, such as pulley, frame, gap adjusting nut fastening screws, rollers, roller rod or nail tooth fastening nut, etc., to prevent mechanical or personal casualty accidents. Check whether there is any crack on roller, pulley, bearing and other parts, disconnect, or other damage. Second, the test run. Packed first filling oil in various operation departments, drive belt, with human turns thresher, first check whether binding, collision and other anomalies, if any should be ruled out in time. Then plug in power, empty running test, then normal and try to take off, if no problem, can be used into formal [2]. Three is threshing operation area should choose flat open areas, and pay attention to natural wind, the grass and the chaff exports and natural wind direction is consistent, as far as possible to facilitate the smooth introduction of grass and the chaff. When used in walking tractor as power matching, we should pay attention to the direction of the exhaust pipe, don't be geared to the needs of the grass and the chaff exports, also do not want to install so as not to cause fire. Four is operator dress to compact, female comrade, wrap the braids to prevent clothes or hair in rollers or personal casualty accident caused by drive belt. It is forbidden to children play around in the machine.

　　2.2脱粒机的调整

2.2 the adjustment of the thresher

　　脱粒机的调整,尽可能做到脱粒与清选干净、破碎率低、损失小。调整时,要兼顾滚筒转速、滚筒间隙和风量大小三者关系以取得最佳效果。一是滚筒转速的调整。不同作物对脱粒机滚筒转速的要求有所不同,如脱小麦的滚筒转速一般要求在1 000 r/min左右。当用电动机作动力时,转速一般是固定的,在这种情况下,只要选用合适的电动机皮带轮,使滚筒转速达到额定值即可匹配。有些脱粒机在出厂时厂家配备有电机皮带轮,但也有不配备的,自制时可依照下列公式计算皮带轮直径:电机皮带轮的直径×电机转速=滚筒皮带轮的直径×滚筒转速。当用手扶拖拉机作动力时,由于转速的调节范围较大,因此与脱粒机配套比较灵活。这时脱粒机的转速通过手扶拖拉机的油门控制。根据经验,脱粒机的滚筒转速高,脱净率高,破碎率高;转速低,脱净率低,破碎率低[3]。二是滚筒间隙的调整。滚筒间隙指滚筒和与凹版之间的间隙,一般在1~5 cm。间隙大,脱净率低,破碎率低;间隙小,脱净率高,破碎率高。滚筒间隙根据作物的品种和干湿情况进行调整,易脱作物和作物含水率低时适当调大,不易脱粒作物和作物含水率高时可适当调小。三是风量调整。风量大时,清选出的粮食较为干净,但易造成籽粒夹带损失。风量小时, 塑料土工格栅清选效果稍差,但籽粒夹带损失减少。调整时要兼顾上述两方面,尽量做到损失少、清洗干净[4]。

The adjustment of the thresher, as far as possible do threshing and cleaning clean, low broken rate, low loss. Adjustment, should take the roller gap, roller speed and air volume size triadic relation in order to obtain the best results. One is adjusting the rotational speed of roller. Different crops is different to the requirement of threshing cylinder rotation speed, such as take off the roller speed of wheat general requirements at about 1 000 r/min. When motor as power, speed is usually fixed, in this case, as long as you choose the right motor pulley, the roller speed rating can match. Some thresher factory factory are equipped with a motor pulley, but there are not equipped with self-control when according to the following formula to calculate the pulley diameter: the diameter of the motor pulley x motor speed = the diameter of the roller pulley by roller speed. When using walking tractor as power, because of its high speed adjusting range, therefore with thresher is more agile. The threshing machine speed throttle control through the walking tractor. According to the experience, high threshing cylinder rotation speed, take off the net rate is high, the broken rate is high; Speed is low, take off the net rate is low, low broken rate [3]. 2 it is roller gap adjustment. Cylinder clearance refers to the gap between roller and gravure, generally in 1 ~ 5 cm. Gap is big, to take off the net rate is low, the broken rate is low; Small gap, to take off the net rate is high, the broken rate is high. Roller gap adjustment according to the crop varieties and dry wet situation, easy to take off the crop and the crop moisture content is low when the appropriate, when not easy threshing crops and crop moisture content is high, can appropriate adjust little. Third, air volume adjustment. Qing choose food for large air volume is relatively clean, but easily cause grain entrainment loss. Air hour, cleaning effect is a bit poor, but the grain entrainment loss reduction. Adjusted to take into account the above two aspects, try to be less loss, clean [4].

　　2.3使用过程注意事项

2.3 use process matters needing attention

　　一是用电动机作动力时,应注意电机的功率和转速要与脱粒机匹配,接线要牢固可靠,不用破损电线,防止发生人身触电事故或因电线短路而引起火灾。电源开关不应远离脱粒场地,以便在发生意外事故时能迅速切断电源。二是脱粒过程中要提高安全意识,防止工具或其他物件触及机器运动部分而造成意外事故。三是不能超负荷。首先是机器不超负荷,不可让脱粒机超负荷工作。不论是用电动机还是柴油机作动力,工作时均不能超负荷。其次是人员不超负荷,连续作业时间不可长,麦收脱粒时,往往需日夜奋战,但是一般工作5~6 h后,要停机,并对脱粒机及其动力机进行安全检查,使人得到休息,使机械得到保养,否则极易发生事故。四是秸秆喂入要均匀、适量、正确保安全。在脱粒机脱粒时,应注意均匀喂入,喂入量适当,不可将秸秆一起喂入,否则容易损坏机件和伤害人体。人的手臂绝不能伸进喂料口,以防被高速旋转的纹杆打伤,甚至打断手臂。

Is a motor power, motor power and speed should be paid attention to matching with threshing machine, connection to solid and reliable, and no broken wire, prevent the person get an electric shock accident, or due to electrical wiring short circuit and cause a fire. The power switch should not be far away from the threshing ground, so that in the case of an accident can be quickly cut off power supply. Second is to increase the security awareness in the threshing process, prevent the tools or other objects reach the machine moving parts and cause accidents. Three is not overloaded. Is don't overload the machine first, and not let threshing machine overload. Both motor and diesel engine as power, to work are not overloaded. Followed by personnel not overload, continuous operation time is long, the wheat harvest threshing, often need to fight day and night, but generally work after 5 ~ 6 h, want to stop, and the threshing machine safety inspections and the engine, make the person get rest, for mechanical and maintenance, otherwise easy to accidents. Four is more uniform, right amount, straw feed is secure. Should be paid attention to when the thresher threshing, uniform feeding, feeding amount, appropriate not to straw feed together, otherwise easy attaint parts and harm the human body. Man's arm can't into the feeding mouth, in case by the high-speed rotation of grain rod, and even interrupt the arm.