七年级英语寒假专题——易混词汇精析人教四年制.doc

七年级英语寒假专题——易混词汇精析人教四年制
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假专题——易混词汇精析

二. 具体内容
1. clothes, clothing, cloth
这三个词都与人们穿的“衣”有关，但含义却不同。clothes永远以复数的形式出现，指人们穿的各种衣服包括裤子，内衣，衬衫等；其前不能用数词修饰。如：
These clothes are new. 这些衣服是新的。
Do I have to change my clothes for the meeting? 我去参加会议要换衣服吗？
clothing是集体名词，为衣物的总称，是一种区别于其他事物的概念。除了衣裤之外，它还包括帽，袜，手套，被褥之类的东西，如：
The shop sells articles of men's clothing. 这个商店卖男式服装。
In winter, children need warm clothing. 冬天，孩子们需要暖和的衣服。
cloth一般用作不可数名词，指“棉布，毛织品”；它亦可作可数名词，指“某一特定用途的一块布”，复数形式是cloths。如：
He will take three yards of cloth to make a suit. 他做一套衣服要三码布。
She cleaned the window with an old cloth. 她用一块旧布擦窗户。
2. can, be able to
这两个词都可以表示“能够”。can通常用来表示现在的一般能力。如：
Look, I can do it.    嗨，我会做这事啦。
而当表示将来能力时，一般要用will be able to。此外，be able to 还表示要经过一番努力才能做到的事。如：
If I concentrate on the work, I'll be able to work out the problem.
如果我集中思想于工作的话，我就可以想出这个问题的解决方法。
I’ll be able to speak French in another few months.
再过几个月我就可以说法语了。
3. each, every
这两者都表示“每个”，有时可互换，有时却不能。
（1）each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但它可与-one，-body，-thing等构成合成代词。each 用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys；而every则不能直接跟of连接，如不可说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。
（2）each通常用指两个人或物，而every则指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。如each end of the bridge和each side of the road中的each均不能用every代替。
（3）each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；而every着重于全体的总和，强调整体
试比较：
Each has a different book.（强调各有不同。）
Here every child at the age of six can go to school.（侧重整体，无一例外。）
（4）every另可表示“每隔”，后接基数词加复数名词，或接序数词加单数名词，如：every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
4. go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个词组都表示“继续”的意思，但用法和含义上有差异。
go on doing指做某一事情因故暂停，尚未做完，再“继续”做下去。它还可表示“一直做某事”。如：
Although it was late, she went on working. 虽然很晚了，她还继续工作着。
After a short break, he went on reading the text. 暂停了一会儿后，他又接着读课文。
You shouldn’t go on living in this way! 你总不能一直就这么生活下去。
go on to do则表示某一件事已做完，再“接着”去做另一件事。如：
He went on to talk about the world situation.
他接着又谈了谈世界形势。
Father said mother had gone to the hospital, and went on to say that grandmother was coming to take care of us.
父亲说母亲已经住院去了，接着又说祖母将来照料我们。
go on with 是一个动副介型短语动词，其后通常接名词或代词作宾语。如：
May I go on with my work now?    我现在可以继续做我的工作了吗？
Please go on with your story.    请继续讲你的故事。
5. many more, much more这两者可指“更多”。
many more后接一个名词一定是个复数可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个复数名词，表示复数概念。如：
Some students are against the plan, but many more support it. 一些同学反对这项计划，但是有更多人支持它。
We have many more left. 我们还剩下很多。
much more后接一个名词，这个名词一定是个不可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个不可数名词。如：
The farmers have produced much more rice. 这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。
She has much more to do. 她还有很多事要去做。
many more不可能修饰形容词和副词，而much more和far more, even more, still more 等一样，可以修饰形容词和副词，表示“更加”。如：
This TV set is much more expensive. 这台电视机要贵得多。
He worked much more carefully on the new design. 在这项新的设计上，他工作努力得多了。
6. much too, too much
much too 后接原级形容词与副词，意思是“实在太……”，其中的much是副词，用来修饰另一个副词too。如：
It is much too cold here. 这儿实在太冷了。
You sleep much too late. 你睡得实在太晚了。
too much后可接不可数名词，意思是“过多的……”，其中的too是副词，修饰形容词much。too much后也可不接名词，意思是“过多的东西，过多的事情”，其中的much是代词。如：
He has got too much money. 他已得到太多的钱。
You are asking too much. 你问得太多了。
7. maybe, may be
maybe是副词，意为“可能，也许”，可用perhaps代替，不过美国人习惯上用perhaps, 不怎么爱用maybe。例如：
Maybe he has reached there. 大概他已经到了那儿。
Maybe you are right and maybe you are wrong. 你也许对，也许错。
may be中的may为情态动词，有过去式might的变化，表示类似maybe的意思，be为助动词或连系动词，有时后面可跟一个名词从句。例如：
It may be raining in Beijing. 现在北京可能在下雨。
It may be that he never got there. 或许他根本就没有到过那里。
8. real, true
real作“实在的，真的”解，指客观存在的，而不是想象的或幻觉的东西。real的反义词是imaginary。
true作“正确的，真实的”解，指与事物和实际情况相符，是合乎道理的，而不是杜撰的与错误的。 true的反义词是false。
下列句子中的real和true均不能互换：
This dress is made of real silk.    这件裙子是真丝作的。
We have had a real good time.    我们玩得真的很尽兴。
This novel is true to history.    这本小说是与历史相符的。
I think his opinion to be true.    我认为他的意见是真的。
9. fall , drop
两者均表示“落下”。
fall表示物体由于本身的重量失去平衡或其他原因向下坠落，多为无意识的行为。它是不及物动词。fall也常作连系动词，表示“变得，进入某种状态”。
drop表示物体由高处往低处落下，或让物体落向低处。它既可指有意识的行为，也可指无意识的行为，当指无意识的行为时，可与fall交换使用。drop为及物动词或不及物动词。如：
The man fell/dropped from the top of the building.（两者都指无意识的行为。）
Her hair falls to her shoulders.（指无意识的行为。）
Many trees fell in the storm.（指无意识的行为。）
One after another, all three of them fell asleep.（ fall作连系动词。）
He dropped a letter into the post-box.（指有意识的行为。）
The enemy plane dropped several bombs.（指有意识的行为。）
10. hard , hardly
这两个词词义相近，不少人常常将hardly误作hard的副词。其实hard本身也可用作副词，并且它们的用法和意义完全不同。
hard既可作形容词，意为“勤奋的；困难的”等；亦可作副词，表示“拼命地，努力地”的意思。例如：
This is a hard work.    这是一项艰苦的工作。
He worked hard when he was young.    他年轻时，工作努力。
hardly只用作副词，意思是“几乎不，简直不”，它与seldom, scarcely等词一样，本身含有否定的意义，故在句中不能另加否定词。此外，hardly 位于句首时，该句采用倒装语序。例如：
I hardly know what to say.    我简直不知道说什么好。
What he said was hardly true.    他说的话不会是真的。
Hardly can I endure this weather.    我简直受不了这天气。
11. have to, must
（1）have to 和must 都可用来表示义务，有时可通用。前者比较强调客观需要，后者则着重说明主观看法，表示个人的意志。试比较：
You shall have to work hard if they want you to get it done this week.
如果他们要你这周完成这项工作的话，你就得努力工作。（表示外界条件的客观需要。）
I must go there to help the poor. 我必须去帮助那些穷人们。（表示说话人自己的看法。）
在某些不需要强调这两种差别的场合，两者可以互相换用。如：
I am afraid we have to / must leave now.    我们恐怕必须得走了。
（2）must还能表示一种揣测，作“一定，必定是”解，have to则无此意义。如：
This must be the book you want. 这一定是你要的书。    
He must have spent a long time writing this report. 他一定花了不少时间写这份报告。
12. join, join in, take part in
这一组词都有“参加”的意思。
（1）join多指加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。join后也可接人，表示和某人一起参加某活动。如：
It’s two years since he joined the club.    他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。
He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year. 他于一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党。
Will you join us?    跟我们一起来，好吗？
（2）join in指参加某项游戏，活动，讨论等，in为介词或副词。此短语常用于join sb. in...结构，in后可接名词或动名词，介词in短语有时可以省去。如：
Do join us（in the game）. 跟我们一起做游戏吧。
They joined me in congratulating you.    他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。
Let’s join in and give them a warm welcome.    让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。
The whole crowd joined in singing the popular song.    整个人群都唱起了这首流行歌曲。
（3）take part in多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争等，含有以主人翁的态度加入其中并发挥一定作用的意思。如：
The Union took an active part in the strike.    工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。
They took a leading part in the efforts to strengthen the national defense. 他们在加强国防力量方面出了很大力。
He took part in the students’ movement in the early forties. 在四十年代初，他参加了学生运动。
The Swiss didn’t take part in the two World Wars. 瑞典没有参加两次世界大战。
13. sit, seat
seat作动词用时，往往容易与sit相混淆。
sit一般作不及物动词，其后不能跟宾语；间或它也可用作及物动词，表示“使坐下”的意思，相当于seat，但它决不可用过去分词sat作表语或补语。例如：
The patient is sitting on the chair.    那位病人坐在椅子上。
The mother sat the child at a little table.    母亲把孩子放到小桌旁坐下。
seat只作及物动词，表示“使坐下，使就座”的意思，其后必须跟宾语。作表语或补语时，必须用过去分词seated. 例如：
She seated her baby on her knees.    她让孩子坐在她膝盖上。
He is seated at the desk.    他坐在桌子旁。
I found the boy seated on the chair.    我发现那个小孩坐在椅子上。
14. sometime, some time, sometimes
sometime是副词，表示“曾经；某时；有朝一日”的意思，常同过去或将来时连用，即表示过去或未来某一不定时刻。例如：
The same thing happened sometime during the war.    同样的事情曾经在战争时期发生过。
It will happen sometime and somewhere.    这总会在某地某时发生的。
some time是名词词组，通常表示“一段时间”的含义，多用作介词for的宾语，一起作时间状语；亦可用作连系动词be的表语或动词take, spend 的宾语，表示“一些时间”的意思。例如：
I will live there for some time.   我将在那儿住一些日子。
It will be some time before the work is finished.   要完成这件工作要相当长的时间。
It will take you some time to do the work. . 你需要花些时间来做这项工作。
sometimes是副词，意为“有时侯”，常在句中连用。例如：
The students talk sometimes in English and sometimes in French.    学生们有时用英语交谈，有时用法语交谈。
The bird sometimes sings.    这鸟不时啼叫。

【典型例题】
1. Ride slowly, please. There is traffic at this time of day.
A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many too
答案：B
解析：too much +不可数名词traffic 表示“太多的……”
2. She thinks the computer is so difficult to learn that she wants to it.
A. lose B. drop C. fall D. forget
答案：B
解析：drop + subject 表示由于某种原因要放弃学习某学科
3. We’d better do it your mother did ,or well make mistakes.
A. when B. as C. like D. because
答案：B
解析：as…+句子表示“象某人一样如何……”
4. —We are sorry to keep you so long.
 —Never mind.
A. waiting B. wait C. to wait D. to be waited
答案：A
解析：keep sb doing 表示“使某人一直在做某事”
5. Lily is drawing on the blackboard, but where are ________ students?
A. the other B. other C. another D. the others
答案：A
解析：the other +名词复数表示其他的人

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择
1. — What is Evan doing now?  — ____.
A. He is laughing.
B. He watches TV once a week.
C. He likes hitting very much.
D. He went to sleep at 9 pm.
2. I don’t think it’s ____ to have a birthday party.
A. special enough 　　 B. enough special
C. much special 　　 D. special much
3. The homestay family are all ____ to us. We feel happy.
A. outgoing 　　B. friendly
C. energetic　　 D. serious
4. I felt a little homesick. I ____ my parents very much.
A. heard 　　B. called C. missed D. thought　
5. I am ____ make a phone call to my friends. I have a lot of work to do.
A. too busy to　　 B. so busy that C. so busy to 　　D. too busy that
6. John ____ the first picture of the moon with his camera.
A. plays B. takes C. works D. joins
7. Beethoven（贝多芬）loves music. But he loses his ____ at the age of 32.
A. hearing B. seeing C. feeling D. speaking
8. The moon ____ the photo is very small.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
9. Many children ____ his good idea.
A. like B. is like C. likes D. are like
10. Sometimes there is not one answer to a ____.
A. problem B. question C. mistake D. result

二. 完形填空
Violet, Klaus and Sunny are kids of the Bordelaise family. They ___1___ their parents in a terrible fire, and have to ___2_ _ a new home.
They first go to live with Count Olaf , ___3___ he is a greedy（贪心的）man. They soon ___4___ that he wants to take their ___5___ and kill them!
The kids then move to live ___6__ other people. But they are also strange. Uncle Monty loves ___7___. He has a snake as a pet. Aunt Josephine is afraid of everything!
At the same time, Olaf ___8___ look different to get closer to the ___9___. He even wants Violet ___10___ his wife.
1. A. lose 　 B. get 　 C. have 　 D. enjoy
2. A. look after　 B. look out　 C. look for　 D. look at
3. A. and 　 B. but 　 C. or 　 D. so
4. A. find out 　 B. try out　 C. look out 　 D. work out
5. A. pets 　 B. money　 C. books　 D. food
6. A. on 　 B. in 　 C. at　 D. with
7. A. dog 　 B. cat 　 C. snake　 D. bear
8. A. try to 　 B. tried to 　 C. tries to　 D. trying to　
9. A. teachers 　 B. parents 　 C. kids 　 D. friends
10. A. is　 B. be 　 C. to be 　 D. to do
三. 阅读理解
Korean culture is really exciting right now. The Korean Wave is sweeping Asian countries including China. Young people are going crazy about Korean TV dramas, Korean pop songs, teakwood and the Korean language.
The Korean Wave started a few years ago with the TV series “ Winter Sonata ”. This love story is still popular. People, especially girls, like the beautiful story and handsome actors like Bae Yong Jun（裴勇俊）.
In the music world, Korean girls are making themselves heard in China. You can often find big Korean names like Baby Vox, S. E. S and Finkle at the top of the Chinese music charts（排行榜）.
The Korean Wave has also made young people want to try the clothes and hairstyles of pop stars, too. Not only that. Now some girls in China are having plastic surgery（整容）to change the way they look. People say some beautiful Korean stars have had plastic surgery. These stars don’t make plastic surgery look shameful（丢面子的）.
Are all the faces of beautiful Korean girls not real? Find out for yourself when you next visit South Korea.
1. What does the Korea Wave refer to? It refers to ____.
A. Korean TV dramas B. Korean culture
C. Korean language D. Korean actors
2. When did the Korean Wave start? It started with ____.
A. the Korean pop songs B. Taekwondo
C. the TV series “ Winter Sonata ” D. the Korean food
3. Who is the famous actor in Korean dramas?
A. Bae Yong Jun B. Baby Vox
C. S. E. S D. Finkle
4. Korean stars often change their looks by ____.
A. singing pop songs B. acting in TV dramas
C. trying different food D. having plastic surgery
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Winter Sonata tells a very famous love story.
B. Young people like Korean pop stars’ clothes and hairstyles.
C. Chinese girls also want to try plastic surgery.
D. Korean pop stars think plastic surgery is shameful.

四. 补全对话
Jeff：Who’s that man in the picture?
Peter：That’s Michael Jordan. He is a famous basketball player.
Jeff：Well, ___19___
Peter：He was born on February 17, 1963 in New York.
Jeff：Do you like him?
Peter：Yes, ___20___ I like playing basketball.
Jeff：Peter, ___21___
Peter：When I was six years old, my father taught me to play.
Jeff：Are you going to be a basketball player ___22___
Peter：Yes, maybe. ___23___
A. I am one of his fans.
B. when you grow up?
C. when was he born?
D. I’ll try my best.
E. when did you start playing it?

 【试题答案】
一.
1—5 AABCA 6—10 BAAAB

二.
1—10 ACBABDCCCC

三.
BCADD

四.
CAEBD

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