初中英语语法之八 副词.doc

副词一 副词的构成：从形态上看，大多数副词都是由“形容词后缀-ly”构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容词变副词：.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly .以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily .某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：the high jump 跳高项目（形容词）to jump high 跳得高（副词）a fast car行得快的汽车（形容词）to drive fast开快车（副词）an early riser早起的人（形容词）to get up early起得早（副词）a straight line直线（形容词）Go straight ahead.一直朝前走。（副词）注意：兼有两种形式的副词 .late 与lately： late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?.deep与deeply： deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.high与highly： high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.wide与widely： wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 。例如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.二 副词的分类：(见下表)时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副词where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,二、副词的句法功能作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. / They have already been to the UK twice. 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory. 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向). / The frightened wolf ran away. 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears. 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ How do you do?(你好！) 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I. (2)作表语：地点副词、时间副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment. (3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. (4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!注意 “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)三 副词的位置：. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。注意：频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： Mary is always late for the meeting.I have never been to London. My mother often does morning exercises in the morning. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面，但也有例外。如：These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） He works very hard. （在副词前）She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）注意：A.副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 例如：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much. B.副词enough应放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：The boy is old enough to go to school. I know him well enough. He didnt get up early enough to catch the early bus.C. 注意顺序：quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一个相当不错的球员。. 按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：The film will begin at seven oclock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。 I was born at two oclock on the morning of May15. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。【考题分析】1One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of分析：本题考点为speak highly of，其中用的是副词highly。答案：D2Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay _ and do _ than those who dont. A. thin, well B. thinner, better C. the thinnest, the best D. thinnest, best分析：本题第1空格为形容词，第2空格为副词。后半句中有than一词，说明要求使用比较级。答案：B3It is _ to work out this problem. You neednt go to the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily分析：副词enough的位置问题是一个常见的考点，它通常位于形容词或副词的后面。答案：C4同义句：There was a heavy rain last night. _ _ _ last night.分析：我们知道，大多数副词和形容词之间存在着同义转换关系，例如：He is a slow runner. He runs slowly. 本题即可从这里找到答案，但同时要注意动词的用法。答案：It rained heavily5.How far is the factory from here? Its about 4 kilometers _. A. far B. long C. away D. near分析：此题容易误选A。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用How far is . ?，但是far不能与表示具体的距离连用，此时应该用away。正确答案为：C【巩固练习】一、用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空：1.It is in the south than in the north. (warm)2.French is not used so as English. (widely)3.His brother is quite . He is the in his class. (strong)4.Which goes , a horse or a dog? (fast)5.The sun is to the earth than many other stars. (near)6.The you speak, the we shall understand you. (clearly, well)7.She fell yesterday and she feels even today. (ill)8.Christmas in the west is as as the Spring Festival in China. (important)9.The Changjiang River is one of the rivers in the world. (long)10. We are too tired to go any. (far)11.This work is quite _. I think he can do it quite _. (easy)12.Travelling by air is much _ than travelling by train. (expensive)13. He spoke too _for us to follow. Have you ever heard a person who speaks _ than him? (quickly)14. This photo is very _, but that one is _ than this one. (old)15.My friend doesnt feel _ enough today, but I believe hell be _ tomorrow. (well)二、选择填空：1. Mary is than her sister. A. very more carefully B. much careful C. much more careful D. much carefully2. Bill is than any of the in the class. A. taller, other boys B. tall, other boy C. taller, boys D. tall, other boys3. He isnt to hold such a heavy box. A. enough high B. very strong C. strong enough D. tall enough4. He knew only about the history, but I knew . A. a little, a few B. little, even little C. some, least D. a little, even less5. We have kept the room for you. Its comfortable room we have. A. the more B. the most C. very much D. much too6. He didnt use his pen, because it wasnt to write with. A. good enough B. good as enough C. as enough good D. best enough7. Mike Tom. A. doesnt drive as fast than B. dont drive so fast as C. drives less fast as D. drives less fast than8. This building is one of the two. A. the most magnificent B. very magnificent C. the more magnificent D. more magnificent9. If you dont go to see the doctor, your illness will become .A. very bad B. very worse C. much worst D. worse10. The Yellow River is river in China.参考答案:一、1.warmer2. widely3.strong, strongest 4.faster5.nearer 6.more clearly, better7.ill, worse8. important9. longest10. farther11. easy, easily12. more expensive13. quickly, more quickly14. old, older15. well, better二、15 CACDB 610 ADCDB初中英语语法专项习题-副词1( ) 1 He speaks English_his aunt.A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as( ) 2. Which do you like_, skating, swimming or fishing?A. more B. most C. better D. best( ) 3 Who sings_, Rose or Kate? A. well B. good C. better D. best( ) 4 She writes_than I.A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully( ) 5 The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly( ) 6 How _ the girls are playing! A. happy B. happier C. happy ly D. happily2( ) 1 _ he drops in _ his friends after supper.A. Some times; for B. Sometimes; on C. Often; for D. Seldom; on( ) 2 In Britain tea _ with milk or sugar in it.A. usually drinks B. is usually drunkC. usually is drunk D. drank usually( ) 3 He_ to school to clean his classroom.A. always comes early B. comes always earlyC. always early comes D. come always earlier3( ) 1 Better_than never.A. late B. the later C. later D. the late( ) 2 We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages _.A. lately B. late C. latest D. last( ) 3 I got up_today.A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late4( ) 1 Today Tom goes to school earlier than_.A. as usual B. usual C. usually D. ago( ) 2 Today we do our homework at home _.A. than usual B. often C. usually D. as usual( ) 3 Alice_goes to school at seven.A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little5( ) 1 It was_ bad weather that we all had to stay inside.A. very B. so C. rather D. such( ) 2 He is_ kind an old man that all the children like him.A. very B. so C. rather D. such( ) 3 He, our headmaster was_ pleased with our work.A. fairly B. even C. much D. great( ) 4 There was a heavy snow last night. This morning is_ outside.A. too rather cold B. rather too cold C. such cold D. fairly cold6( ) 1 We wont go to the cinema next Saturday. They wont_.A. too B. also C. neither D. either( ) 2 She likes reading and_.A. so I do B. I do so C. I like so D. so do I( ) 3 -I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow.-I wont, _.A. neither B. either C. too D. also ( ) 4 He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _.A. too B. either C. neither D. also ( ) 5 He didnt know her address, _ did I.A. too B. also C. either D. neither7( )1 I have never seen _ big pears.A. such B. very C. so D. rather ( ) 2 He is _ tired that he cant go any farther.A. so B. such -C. very D. too( ) 3 That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out.A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ( ) 4 He is , teacher that all of us like him.A. such good a B. a so good C. so good a D. a such good( ) 5 Jack doesnt work _ Tom.A. as so good B. so good as C. so hard as D. so harder as8( ) 1 I did my homework hours _.A. before B. later C. ago D. late ( ) 2 I saw the film two days _.A. ago B. before C. after D. late ( )3 I seem to have met you_.A. before B. ago C. yet D. some time9( )1 He got back_at four.A. to home B. at home C. his home D. home ( ) 2 Come_ quickly. I have something interesting to tell you.A. to here B. up to here C. here D. into here ( ) 3 These two young men stood _ watching the train moving away. A. by there B. from there C. there D. to there10( )1 Mother said, Tom, youre seventeen, _a child. A. no again B. not longer C. not more D. no longer ( ) 2 Dont do that_. the teacher said to Tom.A. no more B. no longer C. any more D. some more ( ) 3 I dont want to talk with you_.A. yesterday B. no longer C. any longer D. some longer( ) 4 They have moved away from Beijing. They dont live there_.A. any longer B. once more C. either D. again11( ) 1 My aunt will come back from Beijing _.A. before long B. long before C. after long D. long after( ) 2 She read the book_. And Ill read it_. A. long before; long before B. before long; before long C. before long; long before D. long before; before long12( )1 When you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes_.A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed( ) 2 Its a windy day. Youd better_ the windows.A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close ( ) 3 Bruce often _ his left hand _.A. keep; close B. keeps; closedC. keep; closed D. keeps; close ( ) 4 It is very hot. Please keep the door .A. open B. opening C. opens D. opened13( ) 1 The boat is left _ by the bank of the river.A. along B. alone C. long D. lonely( ) 2 He has a rest_ at home, watching TV.A. alone B. one C. along D. lonely( ) 3 They went out for a walk_ the lake.A. alone B. along C. lonely D. at( ) 4 The wall is two metres_.A. highly B. widely C. long D. along参考答案：1. 1-6 B D C C A D 2. 1-3 B B A3. 1-3 A A D4. 1-3 B D B5. 1-4 D B A B6. 1-5 D D B A D7. 1-5 A A C C C8. 1-3 C A A9. 1-3 D C C10. 1-4 D C C A11. 1-2 A D12. 1-4 D A B A13. 1-5 B A B C