初中英语语法之十三主谓一致.doc

主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式单数名词或代词、动词不定式或短语、单个动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式, 主语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Lucy likes apples. To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all. They often play football on the playground. 由and或bothand.连接的并列主语后面，一般用复数形式New York and Boston are American cities. Both bread and butter are sold out.“aand a half, more than one+名词，many a+名词”等短语作主语时，尽管从意义上看都是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。A month and a half has passed since I saw him. More than one person here is going to find a new job.主语后有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as等引起的短语时，谓语动词与短语前的名词一致。Mr. Green, together with children, has come to China. I, with someone else in my class, am staying in an American home.The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground.No one except the teachers knows the answer. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 主语为表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：glasses, trousers, pants, shoes等时， 谓语动词用复数形式。 但如果它们前面用了a pair of,谓语动词要取决于pair的单复数形式。My new pants are a bit tight. Here are some new pairs of shoes.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of famous people were invited to party. The number of the students is over eight hundred.each 或由some-, any-, every-, no-构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each of us has a new dictionary. I cant find my pen- has anyone seen it?主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Either is very good. If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the workNeither of them wants to come在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的树一致。This is the man who wants to see you. The girls who are coming soon are my students.由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数， 但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词则用复数。 What we need now is time. What he left me are only some old books.2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 由and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 Two months is a long holiday. Five minus four is one. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等 No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. His family isnt large. My family all like watching TV. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. a由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。 All was quite in the street. None of the food is wastedNone of the students were absentThe rest of the lecture was dullThe rest of the bikes were on sale yesterdayb由lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。Lots of work is to be done this week. Lots of people are going to swim this afternoonc由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。Three-quarters of the area is cultivated. Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。由or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Both his father and his mother are both teachers. Tom or Jack is wrong. Either this one or that one is ok. （2）下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 (如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The blind are taught trades in special schools (表示一类人) The good in him overweighs the bad (表示抽象概念)The departed was a good friend of his (表示个人)（3）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：Five and six makemakes eleven Seven times ten are seventy但是：Twenty from thirty leaves tenSix sevens are forty-two.b由one inout of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：One in ten werewas present（4）下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。a“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiencesThe effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmfulb以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 主谓一致精练 1. Either Jane or Steven _ watch TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the ciry. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _ some eggs and cakes on it. A.isB. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _ mine. A. are B. be C. is D . will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two months _ quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _ all very kind and friendly, His family _ a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are ,a re D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _ come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _ a new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 中考英语主谓一致习题1. Miss Huang together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes2. The United Nations _ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up3. The nations of Western Europe _ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have4. How many students are there in your class? - _ the students in our class _ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are5. There _ some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are7. Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are8. The bread and the butter _ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have9. The Greens _ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in10. How many teachers are there in your school? - About 150. One third of them _ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is11. When and where to go for the holiday _ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided12. How time flies! Three years _ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were13. Do you know _ the population of Yunnan_ ? - Yes. Its about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are14. Your trousers _ dirty, you must have _ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths _ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest _ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is17. The poor _ happy; but the rich _ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is18. Gone with the wind _ very great. A. have B. has C. are D. is19. Each boy and each girl _ hard.A. are working B. has worked C. is working D. haved worked20. Many a man _ had that kind of experience. A. have B. has C. is D. are21. No food and no water _ in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have22. John and his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are23. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. was C. are D. were24. Either my friends or I _ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are25. Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? - Because Japanese _ as popular as English. A. isnt B. arent C. has been D. have been26. Only one and a half oranges _ on the plate. A. is B. are C. be D. was27. Nowadays more and more the young _ fond of pop music. A. are B. is C. were D. was28. To save time _ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is29. There _ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week. A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be30. The Chinese _ peace but they arent afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving31. There _ no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? - All right, Mum. A. is B. are C. was D. were32. How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. are C. is D. has33. Chinese sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _ Good will Ambassadors for Shanghai. A. have been named B. have named C has been named D. has named34. Nothing _ difficult in the world, _ it?A. are, B. is, isnt C. are, arent D. is, is35. On the east of the river _ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing36. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who _ by their teacher. A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised37. Swimming in the pool with the children _ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are38. On every piece of the paper _ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have39. No news _ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be40. John with his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are41. Jimmys family _ a large one. The whole family _ watching TV.A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is42. In our city _ of the people _ to Han Nationality. A. three fifths, belong B. three fifth; belong C. three fifths; belongs D. three fifth; belongs43. More than one idea _ put up with at the class meeting. A. have B. has C. has bee D. have been44. Whether you will learn English well or not _ your hard work. A. depend on B. depend C. depends D. depends on45. With the help of people the number of pandas _ mere and more. A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasnt got46. _ that pair of new _ Tonys? A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe47. _ politics difficult for you to learn. A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is48. Half of the apple _ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has49. Neither Wei Hua nor his brother _ a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited50. Look! There _ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square. A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers51. _ she or you going to Beijing next month? A. Was B. Is C. Were D. Are52. Ten kilometers _ way. A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long53. What the students need _ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has54. The singer and dancer _ yet. A. dont come B. didnt come C. havent come D. hasnt come55. One million dollars _ a lot of money for every one. A. are B. mean C. are thought D. is参考答案 15 BABAB 210 ABCDA 1115 BBCBA 1620 BABADKey：1-5 D C B A B 6-10 A B B B C 11-15 D A B C C 16-20 A B D B B 21-25 A D B C A 26-30 A A D C A 31-35 A A A B C 36-40 D C A C C 41-45 C A D D A 46-50 B D B B A 51-55 B C B D D