初中英语语法之十三主谓一致.doc

主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，
意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式
⑴单数名词或代词、动词不定式或短语、单个动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式,
主语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Lucy likes apples. To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is very important for us all. They often play football on the playground.
⑵由and或both…and...连接的并列主语后面，一般用复数形式
New York and Boston are American cities. Both bread and butter are sold out.
⑶“a…and a half, more than one+名词，many a+名词”等短语作主语时，尽管从意义上看都是复数，
但谓语动词用单数形式。
A month and a half has passed since I saw him. More than one person here is going to find a new job.
⑷主语后有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as等引起的短语时，谓语动词与短语前的名词一致。
Mr. Green, together with children, has come to China. I, with someone else in my class, am staying in an American home.
The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground.
No one except the teachers knows the answer. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
⑸ 主语为表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：glasses, trousers, pants, shoes等时， 谓语动词用复数形式。 但如果它们前面用了a pair of,谓语动词要取决于pair的单复数形式。
My new pants are a bit tight. Here are some new pairs of shoes.
⑹a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A number of famous people were invited to party. The number of the students is over eight hundred.
⑺each 或由some-, any-, every-, no-构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of us has a new dictionary. I can’t find my pen- has anyone seen it?
主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work.
⑻either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语，
谓语动词用单数形式。
Either is very good. If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work．
Neither of them wants to come．
⑼在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的树一致。
This is the man who wants to see you. The girls who are coming soon are my students.
⑽由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数， 但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词则
用复数。 What we need now is time. What he left me are only some old books.
2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，
但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
⑴ 由and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：
a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。　　
The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
⑵ 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语
用单数形式。 Two months is a long holiday. Five minus four is one.
⑶ 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等
No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class
⑷ people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，
若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
People here are very friendly. His family isn’t large. My family all like watching TV.
⑸ a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam.

⑹ a由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词要与它们所指代的
名词的数一致。 All was quite in the street. None of the food is wasted．None of the students were absent．
The rest of the lecture was dull．The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．
b．由"lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。
Lots of work is to be done this week. Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon．
c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。
Three-quarters of the area is cultivated. Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam．
3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
⑴由or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，
根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. Tom or Jack is wrong. Either this one or that one is ok.
（2）下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。
．由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人
(如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示
个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The blind are taught trades in special schools．  (表示一类人) The good in him overweighs the bad．  (表示抽象概念)
The departed was a good friend of his．  (表示个人)
（3）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。
a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：
Five and six make／makes eleven． Seven times ten are seventy．
但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten．Six sevens are forty-two.
b．由"one in／out of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：
One in ten were／was present．
（4）下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
a．“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：
The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiences．
The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful．
b以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.

主谓一致精练
1. Either Jane or Steven ____________________ watch TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are
2. Two days ____________________enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. are’t D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of then __________45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
4. Neither Liping nor I __________ a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are
5. There __________ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____________________1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Maths __________ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs __________ when the earthquake rocked the ciry.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle
9. Every one except Tom and John __________ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, __________ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane __________ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is
12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? —There __________ some eggs and cakes on it.
A.isB. are C. was D. were
13. This pair of glasses __________ mine. A. are B. be C. is D . will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy __________ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited
15. —Two months __________ quite a long time. —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. In the city the old __________.
A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of
17. His family __________ all very kind and friendly, His family __________ a happy one.
A. are, is B. is, is C. are ,a re D. is, are
18. The singer and the dancer __________ come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is
19. The children in this class each __________ a new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having
20. All but one __________ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
中考英语主谓一致习题
1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening.
A. go B. went C. going D. goes
2. The United Nations ____ in 1945.
A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up
3. The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
4. – How many students are there in your class? -- ____ the students in our class ____ over fifty.
A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
5. There ____ some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are
7. Each of the students ____ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are
8. The bread and the butter ____ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have
9. The Greens ____ France since the spring of 1990.
A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in
10. – How many teachers are there in your school?
-- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is
11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet.
A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided
12. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. – Do you know ____ the population of Yunnan____ ?
-- Yes. It’s about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are
14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it
15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths ____ tired of having one examination.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest ____ difficult.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
17. The poor ____ happy; but the rich ____ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
18. Gone with the wind ____ very great. A. have B. has C. are D. is
19. Each boy and each girl ____ hard.A. are working B. has worked C. is working D. haved worked
20. Many a man ____ had that kind of experience. A. have B. has C. is D. are
21. No food and no water ____ in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have
22. John and his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are
23. When ____ the United Nations founded? A. is B. was C. are D. were
24. Either my friends or I ____ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are
25. – Why did you choose English instead of Japanese?
-- Because Japanese ____ as popular as English.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. has been D. have been
26. Only one and a half oranges ____ on the plate.
A. is B. are C. be D. was
27. Nowadays more and more the young ____ fond of pop music.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
28. To save time ____ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is
29. There ____ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week.
A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be
30. The Chinese ____ peace but they aren’t afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving
31. – There ____ no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
-- All right, Mum. A. is B. are C. was D. were
32. How time flies! Ten years ____ passed. A. have B. are C. is D. has
33. Chinese sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ____ Good will Ambassadors for Shanghai.
A. have been named B. have named C has been named D. has named
34. Nothing ____ difficult in the world, ____ it?A. are, B. is, isn’t C. are, aren’t D. is, is
35. On the east of the river ____ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing
36. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who ____ by their teacher.
A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised
37. Swimming in the pool with the children ____ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are
38. On every piece of the paper ____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have
39. No news ____ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be
40. John with his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are
41. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
42. In our city ____ of the people ____ to Han Nationality.
A. three fifths, belong B. three fifth; belong C. three fifths; belongs D. three fifth; belongs
43. More than one idea ____ put up with at the class meeting. A. have B. has C. has bee D. have been
44. Whether you will learn English well or not ____ your hard work.
A. depend on B. depend C. depends D. depends on
45. With the help of people the number of pandas ____ mere and more.
A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasn’t got
46. ____ that pair of new ____ Tony’s? A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe
47. ____ politics difficult for you to learn. A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is
48. Half of the apple ____ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has
49. Neither Wei Hua nor his brother ____ a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old.
A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited
50. Look! There ____ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.
A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers
51. ____ she or you going to Beijing next month? A. Was B. Is C. Were D. Are
52. Ten kilometers ____ way.
A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long
53. What the students need ____ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has
54. The singer and dancer ____ yet.
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. haven’t come D. hasn’t come
55. One million dollars ____ a lot of money for every one. A. are B. mean C. are thought D. is
参考答案 1—5 BABAB 2—10 ABCDA 11—15 BBCBA 16—20 BABAD
Key：
1-5 D C B A B 6-10 A B B B C 11-15 D A B C C 16-20 A B D B B
21-25 A D B C A 26-30 A A D C A 31-35 A A A B C 36-40 D C A C C
41-45 C A D D A 46-50 B D B B A 51-55 B C B D D