UOP规范5-14-8往复式压缩机.doc

1. GENERAL 概述
1.1 Scope 范围
a.This Standard Specification covers the design of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, reciprocating compressors in hydrogen and hydrocarbon services.
本标准规范涉及美国石油学会（API）标准618，氢气和碳氢化合物系列往复式压缩机设计
b.Exceptions or variations shown in the UOP Project Specifications take precedence over requirements shown herein.
“UOP公司工程规范”中给出的例外情况或变更优先于本标准中的要求。
1.2 References 参考文献
Unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the date of this Standard Specification. When a referenced document incorporates another document, use the edition of that document required by the referenced document.
如果以下没有另外说明，使用本“标准规范”发行日期内有效的各参考文件版本和附录。如果参考文件引用另一文件，则使用参考文件要求的引用文件版本。
a.American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, “Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services”
b.American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS ½ Through NPS 24”
c.ASME B16.47, “Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60”
d.ASME B46.1, “Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)”
e.European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors (EFRC), “Guidelines for Vibrations in Reciprocating Compressor Systems”, www.recip.org
f.National, state, and local governmental regulations and laws.
a.API618标准 石油化工和天然气工业用往复式压缩机
b.美国机械工程师学会(ASME) B16.5，“管法兰和法兰管件，NPS1/2至NPS24公制/英制标准”。
c.ASME B16.47大直径管钢制法兰(NPS 26~NPS 60)
d.ASME B46.1,表面特征(表面粗糙度、波纹度和花纹方向).
e.欧洲的往复式压缩机论坛(EFRC)，“往复式压缩机系统振动指南”，www.recip.org
f. 国家、州和地方政府法律和规定。
2.DESIGN 设计
This standard is intended to be used as an addendum to API Standard 618. Numbering in this document coincides with actual paragraph numbers from API Standard 618 5th edition.
本标准用作API标准618的补充。本章节中所采用的编号与API618 5th 版的实际段落编号相同。
Reciprocating compressors shall comply with the requirements of API Standard 618, except where modified by either the UOP Project Specification(s) or UOP Standard Specification(s).
压缩机应遵守API618的要求，“UOP公司工程规范”或“UOP标准规范”中加以修改的部分除外。
5. Requirements 要求
Paragraph 5.2, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清
Vendor’s offering shall be a size and design which has a successful record of proven field service at operating conditions similar to those specified (prototypes are not acceptable). An installation list shall be submitted upon request.
供货商报价中的规格和设计应具有在规定操作条件下现场成功应用的验证记录（不接受样机）。如果有要求，应提交业绩表。

6. Basic Design 基础设计
6.1 General 概要
Paragraph 6.1.24, Clarification澄清
The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at all partial load steps. (0% load step is for short term startup only).
压缩机应能在部分加载过程中连续操作（0% 加载仅供短期启动）
Compressor vendor shall provide PLC, and PLC shall include control logic to ensure unloading of both partially and fully unloaded cylinders follows best practices established below:
压缩机供应商应提供PLC，PLC应该包括控制逻辑单元来确保气缸部分或完全卸载时采用如下最佳方案表

情况
最佳方案
部分卸载
周期性，短暂的载入气缸头空载来阻止润滑油积聚对机器造成的损害
完全卸载
仅对多级气缸并联操作状况下，加载卸载定期切换来阻止热量或润滑油积聚对机器的损害

Manufacturer to state frequency and duration of required loading to achieve above objectives in proposal.
未达到以上目标，制造商需提出加载频率和持续时间
6.6 Rod and Gas Loads 活塞杆负荷和气体负荷
Paragraph 6.6.1, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清
Frame selection shall be based on the more conservative of the following criteria:
框架选择应基于以下标准中较为保守的部分：
-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 80% of the manufacturer’s Maximum Allowable Continuous Combined Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated at specified line pressures of each stage.
当计算在每个阶段的管线压力时，活塞杆负荷不超过制造商最大允许负荷(MACCRL)的80%。
-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 95% of the manufacturer’s Maximum Allowable Continuous Combined Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated as defined in paragraph 6.6.1.
当按第6.6.1条计算时，活塞杆负荷不应超过制造商最大允许活塞杆负荷(MACCRL)的95%。
6.8 Compressor Cylinders 压缩机气缸
Paragraph 6.8.1, Addition 增加
The maximum cylinder diameter is 36 inches (914 mm). Exceptions require written approval from UOP. 1
最大气缸直径为36英尺 (914 mm) 。免责条款需要UOP批准。
Paragraph 6.8.2.4, Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清
When non-metallic wear bands and piston rings are used, the inside surface of liners shall be honed per paragraph 6.8.2.4.
当使用非金属支撑环和活塞环时，应按6.8.2.4章进行内表面打磨。
Paragraph 6.8.4.2, Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清
Flange classes specified are in accordance with ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47.
法兰等级按照ASME B16.5或ASME B16.47的规定。
Flange classes listed in the UOP Project Specification are based upon design pressure and temperature conditions only and do not account for other loads. The final design of all flanges shall account for gasket seating, external loads imposed by piping, and all other imposed loads. Differential thermal expansion of dissimilar joints and transient thermal conditions such as start-up/shutdown and operational upset shall be accomodated.
在UOP项目规范中列出的法兰等级只基于设计压力和温度条件，不考虑其他负载。所有法兰的最终设计应考虑到阀座、管道外荷载和所有其他荷载。应适应如启动/关闭和切换时不同接头的热膨胀和瞬态热状态。
Flanges intended for use with spiral wound gaskets shall have a flange surface finish of 125 microinch Ra minimum to 250 microinch Ra maximum. Flanges intended for use with other gaskets shall have a flange surface finish within the optimal range for the specified gasket. Finishes shall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness standards conforming to ASME B46.1.
用螺旋缠绕垫圈的法兰盘表面粗糙度应介于125微英寸到250微英寸之间。使用其他垫片的法兰盘的表面加工应符合垫片规范最佳值。
Flange finishes shall be protected from damage during fabrication, heat treatment, shipping, storage and installation.
法兰盘成品应使用符合ASME B46.1标准的表面粗糙度标准进行目视比较。
Ring Joint flanges shall have a flat bottom groove with the intersection between the bottom and sides of the groove machined to a smooth 0.125 inch (3mm) minimum radius.
槽式密封面法兰应该有一个平的底部沟槽，在凹槽的底部和侧面之间的光滑十字槽加工尺寸最小半径0.125英寸(3mm)。
6.9 Valves and Unloaders 气阀和卸荷器
Paragraph 6.9.2.6, Clarification 澄清
To prevent failure of the unloader to actuate due to corrosion:
为防止因腐蚀造成的卸荷器失效
- The unloader actuators shall be a weather proof design which prevents ingress of water and other contaminants.
卸荷器应采用防水密封设计防止水和其他污染物进入
- All critical sliding fit components in the unloader actuators shall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials, including: 所有卸荷器关键滑动部件应采用耐腐蚀材料
oPistons/operators 制动器/操作机构
oUnloader Cylinder bodies 卸荷器缸体
oUnloader Shafts/spindles/push rods 卸荷器轴/主轴/推杆
The actuators/operators shall be sized for 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm²) less than the specified minimum site operating fluid pressure. Unloaders shall be shop tested for proper actuation
制动器\操作机构结构尺寸应该适合10 psi (0.7 kg/cm²) 小于规定最小现场流体压力。卸荷器应进行适当的驱动工厂实验。
Paragraph 6.9.2.7, Clarification 澄清
Rain shields shall be provided with all machines, unless:
所有机器均应提供防雨罩，除非：
- Installed indoors. 室内安装
- The vendor unloader design complies with UOP clarification 6.9.2.6
供应商卸荷器完全采用UOP澄清6.9.2.6设计
6.10 Pistons, Piston Rods, and Piston Rings 活塞 活塞杆 活塞环
Paragraph 6.10.3, Addition 增加
Cast aluminum and fabricated steel pistons shall not be used above 500 horsepower (375 kW) per cylinder. 铸铝和焊接钢活塞不应用于超过500马力（375kw）每气缸
Pistons, when integrated/integral with the piston rod (e.g. low ratio between piston rod diameter and cylinder diameter) shall be constructed of the same material as the piston rod and may be fabricated without limits above.
当整体或与活塞杆一体活塞（如活塞杆直径和气缸直径比低）应采用活塞杆相同材质，不受上述限制。
Paragraph 6.10.3.1, Clarification/Addition 澄清\增加
Hollow single-piece pistons shall have a spring loaded relief plug in the outer-end face of the piston. 中空单体活塞应在活塞外端面安装一个弹簧安全阀
Multi-piece pistons shall have a minimum 1/8” (3mm) diameter drilled vent hole 多体活塞应有一个最小直径1/8” (3mm)孔
6.12 Distance Pieces 接筒
Paragraph 6.12.2.1, Clarification 澄清
Distance pieces shall be provided with gasketed, solid metal covers.
接筒应提供带封圈固体金属盖板
Paragraph 6.12.2.4, Addition 增加
Compartments shall be vented separately to non-hazardous areas.
接筒腔室应与无害区域分隔排放
Paragraph 6.12.2.7, Addition 增加
Packing vent piping inside of the distance piece shall be designed for the maximum allowable working pressure of the cylinder.
取代接筒的内部填料放气管道设计时应考虑气缸最大工作压力
6.14.2 Compressor Frame Lubrication 压缩机机身润滑
Paragraph 6.14.2.1.4, Addition 增加
The reservoir shall be fitted with a lube oil temperature transmitter.
油箱应设有温度传感器
Paragraph 6.14.2.2, Addition 增加
When an auxiliary oil pump is not provided, a hand pump shall be provided for start-up lubrication. 如果没有辅机泵，为了开启润滑应提供手动泵
Paragraph 6.14.2.3, Addition 增加
For applications with rated powers below 250 horsepower (185 kW), oil coolers are not required provided the vendor can demonstrate through calculation and operating experience that the frame has adequate radiative area to dissipate the heat.
当额定功率低于250马力（185 kW)时，供应商无需提供油冷却器若能通过计算和操作经验证明框架有足够的辐射面积来散热。
Paragraph 6.14.2.5, Clarification 澄清
Heating for reservoirs shall be provided when the minimum ambient temperature is less than the vendor's required minimum start-up temperature. Thermostatically controlled immersion heaters conforming to API 618 shall be used. 当最低环境温度低于供应商所需的最低启动温度时需要安装油箱加热器。恒温控制加热器应符合API618标准
7. Accessories 辅助设备
7.2 Couplings and Guards 联轴器和防护罩
Paragraph 7.2.1, Addition/Clarification 增加\澄清
Couplings shall allow continuous operation with twice the estimated cold-to hot thermal growth.
联轴器应满足在两倍预估热膨胀条件下持续工作
7.6 Controls and Instrumentation 控制和仪表
Paragraph 7.6.1.2, Clarification 澄清
Provide a separately mounted local instrument panel for each compressor. As a minimum the following shall be included:
- Process gas inlet and discharge temperatures for each cylinder
- Process gas inlet and discharge pressures for each stage
-Frame lube oil pressure
-Speed for variable speed drivers
-Multi-position selector switch for cylinder loading (each service)
每台压缩机非别安装现场仪表，至少应包括如下：
每台气缸进出口气体温度传感器
各级压力传感器
机身润滑油压力
变频电机速度传感器
气缸加载多位选择开关（每次服务）
Paragraph 7.6.2.4, Addition 增加
The system shall be capable of starting up and shutting down with each stage unloaded. 控制系统应具有分级卸载开启关闭能力
In addition the vendor shall also do ONE of the following:
此外供应商应做一下一项工作
-Provide interlocks to ensure that the compressor cannot start-up under load and to automatically unload the compressor or open the process spillback during shutdown.
提供联锁装置来确保压缩机不能在欠载下启动和自动卸载压缩机或在关闭过程中打开回流
-Design the train for start-up and shutdown with each stage pressurized to its full operating pressure. (Not allowed when a suction valve unloader based stepless capacity regulation system is included) 设计机组的开关满足各级增压到它的额定工作压力（不允许当进口阀卸荷器包含无级变速系统）
-Recommend a torque limiting device to prevent damage to the equipment during start-up. 建议增加扭矩限制器以防启动时损坏机器
Paragraph 7.6.2.10, Clarification 澄清
Variable volume clearance pockets are not permitted.
不允许采用可变容积余隙腔
Paragraph 7.6.7, Clarification/ Addition澄清/增加
Solid state velocity transducers shall be used. Vendor proposal shall state how many are included.
应采用固态速度传感器。供应商须提供包含多少个。
Transducers shall be mounted at main bearing locations which see full dynamic loads from the compressor (e.g. bearings supporting loads of compressor throws, not static motor/flywheel loads). Transducers shall be mounted on the side of the compressor frame, elevation at the centerline of the crankshaft. Orientation shall be in the direction of piston rod travel.
传感器应安装在主轴承位置来显示压缩机完全动态载荷（如，轴承支撑负载压缩机非静态电机或飞轮负载）传感器应安装在机身一侧，曲轴中心线高度。方向同活塞杆行程。
When more than one transducer is provided, transducers shall be mounted on opposite corners of the frame.
当包含多个传感器时，传感应该被安装在机身相向位置。
Reference UOP 7.9.1.1 for allowable vibration limits.
振动极限参照UOP 7.9.1.1
When specified, the vendor shall also provide an accelerometer mounted in the vertical orientation on each crosshead guide for alarm only. The crosshead accelerometer needs to be part of a smart vibration monitoring package utilizing a once per revolution crank position keyphasor.
当特别规定时，供应商同时应为每个十字头在垂直方向安装加速报警仪。十字头加速计应作为智能振动检测系统的一部分，通过每次曲轴旋转设定位置监控。
Paragraph 7.6.8, Addition/Clarification 增加\澄清
When specified, the vendor shall supply a temperature monitoring system. Each main bearing, valve and piston packing case shall have a temperature sensor in the loaded area.
当特别规定时，供应商应提供温度监控系统。所有主轴承，气阀，填料函都应有温度传感器安装在承载区域。
When specified, crosshead pin temperature monitors shall be eutectic type. 当特别规定时，十字头销温度传感器应为共熔合金型
7.8 Intercoolers, Aftercoolers and Separators 中间冷却器、后冷却器和分离器
Paragraph 7.8.2.2, Addition 增加
When an integral moisture removal section is provided, and the process gas is corrosive (e.g. HCl, H2S, etc.) the moisture removal section internals shall be constructed of suitable corrosion resistant material. 当包含整体除水器时，且气体有腐蚀性（如盐酸，硫化氢等），其材质应为耐腐蚀金属
7.9.4 Pulsation and Vibration Control 脉动和振动控制
Paragraph 7.9.1.1, Addition 增加
The vibration level of the installed, foundation mounted, compressor frame shall not exceed the limit below:
压缩机机身，基础振动级不应超出下表规定

*
位置
波峰速度 筛选
波峰位移
曲轴心线（如UOP7.6.7说明中定义）
0.4英寸每秒10.2厘米每秒
8密尔（200微米）

- The frequency filter in the monitor should be set to filter out frequencies lower than ½x and higher than 20x compressor speed.
监视器滤频器应设置为过滤掉低于½x 和高于20x压缩机速度的频率
The compressor vendor shall provide all required data to enable the foundation designer to meet these requirements
压缩机供应商应提供所有必须资料来确保基础设计者能满足这些需要。
NOTE: Additional guide values for acceptable vibrations of installed, foundation mounted operating compressors at various locations on the compressor frame can be found in the document EFRC “Guidelines for Vibrations in Reciprocating Compressor Systems”.
注意：压缩机机身附加指导标准可以在EFRC压缩机震动指导标准中找到。
7.9.5 Pulsation Suppression Devices 脉动抑制装置
Paragraph 7.9.5, Addition 增加
Threaded connections are not permitted.
不允许采用螺纹连接
Warning tags shall be affixed to the pulsation suppression devices to caution against damaging the internal surface coating by pickling the suppressors during field cleaning activities.
警告标签应贴在脉动抑制装置上，以防止现场清洗时对其酸洗造成内表面涂层损坏。
Paragraph 7.9.5.1.2, Addition/Clarification 增加、澄清
Suction side equipment between the block valve and compressor cylinder shall either be rated for the discharge pressure or a suction side pressure relief valve must be provided. If a pressure relief valve is used, the vendor shall provide all information required to properly size this device. 在切断阀和压缩机气缸之间的吸入端设备应满足吸气压力或安装排气压力飞安全阀。如果采用排气压力安全阀，需要满足此装置工况
Paragraph 7.9.5.1.11, Clarification/Addition 澄清、增加
For compressors with multiple cylinders per stage and shared pulsation bottles, individual cylinder temperature monitoring is required. This shall be accomplished as follows: 对于每级有多个气缸且共用脉动装置，需要每个气缸加温度传感器。规格如下：
-Provide one (1) NPS 1 1/2 inch flanged connection at the suction nozzle for each cylinder for insertion of a thermowell. 在每个气缸进气管处提供一个1 1/2英寸法兰连接用于插入热电偶
-Provide four (4) NPS 1 1/2 inch flanged connections in the discharge nozzle for each cylinder for insertion of critical machine protection 2oo3 voting thermowells and a temperature indicator.
在每个气缸排气管处提供4个1 1/2英寸法兰连接用于插入关键机械保护 2oo3热电偶和一个温度指示器

-If the compressor cylinder connection is less than 4 inches (100 mm), the pulsation suppression device nozzle shall be swedged to 4 inches (100 mm)
如果压缩机气缸连接小于4英寸(100