我是怎样教定语从句的.docx

我是怎样教定语从句的
姚小琴
虽然现在中考并不注重语法考试，但是在考试中阅读量非常
大，占的比分也非常重，占了三分之一。为了帮助学生更好地理解
文章，能正确地回答问题。学好定语从句至关重要。由于大多数学
生语文基础较差，对于句子成分不够理解，所以学定语从句就比较
困难。我首先简单地教一下句子成分，让学生对于一个句子的结构
有个初步的认识，这样学起来就会容易一些。现在我就谈谈我是怎
样教定语从句的:1.我问学生：“什么叫定语？”我叫一个学生起来
回答。他说：“就是修饰名词的部分。”然后我肯定学生的答案。完
成以下练习，找出定语： 1）一个聪明的孩子 2）那些漂亮的
花 3)树上的苹果 5）卧铺车厢
2.通过练习，发现大多数学生知道定语的作用后，我又告诉学生
英语的定语与汉语的定语有时位置是不相同的。汉语的定语总是在名
词的前面，而英语有时也可在名词的后面。例如：前面的3）和4）
小题就应该说：the apples on the tree a sleeping car.定语从句也是放在
名词的后面的。
3.有了一定的基础之后，再来学习定语从句就容易多了。为了让学
生能够集中注意力，我又提一个问题：“什么叫定语从句？”这下都举
手了抢着要回答了。然后我就不失时机地开始教定语从句。被定语从
句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系
副词。
4.我们常见的关系代词有who,whom,that,which和whose。
（ 1 ）who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如 a..He is the man who I
saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.（who在从句中作宾语）
b. The woman who is giving a talk now is our English teacher. 现在正在
作报告的那个妇女是我们的英语老师.（who在从句中作宾语）
注：who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略；whom
在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.
（ 2 ）that 用来指物也可指人，用作主语、宾语,例如：A.The desk
that is standing in the corner is mine.( that在从句中作主语)再如e.g.The
book that my mother bought me was written by Lu Xun.(that在从句中作
宾语）
( 3 )which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。e.g.a.Do you remember the words
which we learned last night ?(which在从句中作宾语)
b.The flowers which are lying on the teacher's desk were bought by Li Hua.
(which在从句中作主语)
( 4 )whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。The girl whom you saw just now is
my sister.(whom在从句中作宾语)
( 5 )whose 既可指人，也可指物。在从句中作定语。
e.g..The building whose windows face to the south was built last year. ( 指物 ）
注意：从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致
a..I prefer shoes that are cool.
b.I Like a pizza that is really delicious.
c.I have a friend who plays sports.
e.g..Do you know the woman whose son is a doctor ? ( 指 人）
5.除了关系代词可以引导定语从句外，关系副词也可以引导定语从句。
常见的关系副词有when,where.
( 1 ) when在从句中作状语。
e.g.I'll never forget the day when I joined the League member.
( 2 ) where在从句中作状
e.g.Do you remember the village where we lived ten years ago ?
6. 巩固练习.通过练习学生才能加深印象，教师才能了解学生的学习
情况。
  1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to
south are called avenues.
A. running; that                       B. run; who
  C. running; who                        D. run; that CopyRight .com
　　2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen. 
　　A. when                                    B. where CopyRight .com
　　C. that                                    D. on which
　　3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
　　A. where                                   B. when
　　C. which                                   D. how 
　　4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . CopyRight .com
　　A. that the little girl asks him        B. the little girl asks him to 
　　C. for the little girl to ask him       D. what the little girl asks him
　　5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? 内容来自
　　—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone
 number is provided.
　　A. which               B. in which　　C. of which              D. whose
 　 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. CopyRight .com
　　A. when                                     B. that CopyRight .com
　　C. what                         D. which CopyRight .com
　　7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when                                     B. where CopyRight .com
　　C. which                                    D. whose