宾语从句用法详解.docx

宾语从句用法详解一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1.在带to的不定式前 例句：We decided whether to walk there. 2.在介词的后面 例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4.直接与or not连用时 例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” 例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1.I dont know what they are looking for.2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四.宾语从句的时态1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五.宾语从句的特点1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4. whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.一、选择填空： ( ) 1. Its so dark. I cant find out _ its a boy _ a girl. A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or ( ) 2. Could you tell me if he _ to Shanghai? A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. go ( ) 3. He told me _ she would catch the early bus. A. which B. whether C. why D. that ( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _ I would go with her. A. what B. which C. why D. that ( ) 5. I dont know _ the coat _ cheap enough. A. if, is B. where,were C. that ,was D. if, were ( ) 6. Call you tell me why _ yesterday? A. you didnt come B. did you not come C. didnt you come D. you dont come ( ) 7. He said that they _ Yunnan. A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to ( ) 8. Jack isnt sure _ students there are in his class. A. how many B. what C. which D. whether ( ) 9. Can you tell me _ yesterday? A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do ( ) 10. I want to know _ his homework yesterday evening. A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. had she finished D. has she finished( ) 11. Do you know what _ this time yesterday? A. they are doing B. are they doing C. they were doing D. were they doing ( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _ ？ A. why was the train late B. why the train was late C. why is the train late D. why the train is late ( ) 13. Do you know where _ ? Someone is looking for him. A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he ( ) 14. He wanted to know how long _ in hospital. A. she is staying B. she had stayed C. did she stay D. she stay ( ) 15. My brother said he _ going _ his friend the next day. A. was, to meet B. would go, has C. will go, was going to D. will go, will ( ) 16. He told me that he _ to London the next day. A. would go B. go C. went D. has gone ( ) 17. He said that light _ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling ( ) 18. Our teacher said that the moon _ around the earth. A. turn B. turned C. has turned D. turns ( ) 19. He said that April _ the _ month of a year. A. is, third B. is, fourth C. was, fourth D. was, third ( ) 20. Do you know _ ? A. is it whose pen B. whose pen is it C. whose pen it is D. it is whose pen ( ) 21. Can you tell me _ ? A. who are you B. who you are C. you are who D. who you be ( ) 22. Do you know _ of the three? A. which book she likes best B. which best book does she like C. that which book she likes best D. which book she best likes ( ) 23. I hear _ the teacher will come back from the UK soon. A. which B. that C. when D. whether ( ) 24. Can you tell me _ language she speaks? A. which B. what C. that D. whether ( ) 25. Can you tell us _ you grow cotton in your country? A. that B. whether C. which D. whose ( ) 26. I dont understand _ you said. A. when B. that C. where D. what ( ) 27. Do you know _ made him angry last time? A. when B. that C. where D. what ( ) 28. Can you tell me _ the meeting will begin? A. what B. whether C. when D. where ( ) 29. _ surprised me most was _ he didnt go to school yesterday. A. What, how B. What, that C. That, that D. Whom, that ( ) 30. I wondered _ they had been to America. A. if B. what C. who D. that ( ) 31. You will feel hungry _ you dont have breakfast. A. what B. why C. if D. how ( ) 32. Do you know _ Jack left so early? A. what B. why C. until D. though ( ) 33. You must do _ I told you. A. after B. before C. where D. as ( ) 34. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who ( ) 35. It has not been decided _ they will leave. A. why B. when C. which D. what ( ) 36. Go back _ you come from. A. until B. where C. when D. that ( ) 37. Do you know _ she will go to the cinema with us? A. if B. where C. who D. which ( ) 38. The children said _ they _ themselves very much. A. if, enjoy B. why,enjoyed C. where,enjoy D. that, enjoyed ( ) 39. I dont think _ I _ out the problem. A. if, can work B. how, will work C. that, can work D. when, will work ( ) 40. She is afraid _ he _ cold at night. A. that, will catch B. that, catches C. whether, will catch D. is, catches ( ) 41. We are sure _ he _ to speak English well. A. that, learned B. that, has learned C. if, learned D. if, has learned ( ) 42. The boy asked _ I _ any noise from outside. A. when, heard B. why, had learned C. whether, had heard D. what, heard ( ) 43. Who can tell us _ . about over there? A. what they talk B. what do they talk C. what are they talking D. what they are talking ( ) 44. We couldnt find out _ , so we asked a policeman. A. whose bike it was B. whose bike was it C. whose it was bike D. whose was it bike( ) 45. Do you know _ take to get to the hospital? A. which way must we B. which must we way C. which way we must D. which we must way ( ) 46. Tom asked _ to school late. A. who did often come B. who often came C. why had she left D. why she had left ( ) 47. I dont remember _ the boy by himself. A. why did she leave B. why she left C. why had she left D. why she had left ( ) 48. Have you forgotten _ when he died? A. how old he was B. how old was he C. what did he say D. what he did say ( ) 49. Nobody knows _ to visit our school. A. when will he come B. when does he come C. when he will come D. when he does come ( ) 50. Please tell us _ to the Science Museum. A. how can we reach B. how we can reach C. how can we get D. how we can get ( ) 51. Dont you believe _ to the moon by spaceship? A. that man did fly B. how did the man fly C. if man fly D. whether man fly ( ) 52. The teacher told us _ . A. is the earth round B. the earth was round C. the earth is round D. was the earth round ( ) 53. Its foggy today. I cant find out _ its a man _ a girl. A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or ( ) 54. Could you tell me if he _ to Beijing? A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. go ( ) 55. Mrs. White asked me _ I would go shopping with her. A. what B. which C. whether D. that ( ) 56. I dont know _ the shoes _ cheap enough. A. if, are B. where, was C. that, was D. if, was ( ) 57. Li Lei didnt tell the teacher why _ yesterday? A. he didnt come B. did he not come C. didnt he come D. he dont come ( ) 58. He said that they _ Zhangjiajie for a holiday. A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to ( ) 59. Lacy told me she _ me with my English this afternoon. A. will help B. to help C. would help D. is helping ( ) 60. Jack isnt sure _ students there are in his factory. A. how many B. what C. which D. whether ( ) 61. Who knows _ dictionary it is? A. whos B. whose C. whom D. who ( ) 62. Could you tell me if it _ a lot in summer in your hometown? A. rained B. rain C. rains D. is raining ( ) 63. I cant remember _ I sent the book to. A. that B. which C. where D. whom ( ) 64. None of us knows which floor _ on. A. is she B. she living C. she is D. did she live ( ) 65. We didnt know _ to visit our school. A. when did he come B. when would he come C. when he was coming D. when he came ( ) 66. Do you know when _ take off.? A. we will B. we are C. shah we D. will we ( ) 67. I want to know _ will go with us. A. who B. whom C. what D. that ( ) 68. Can you tell me _ the train leaves? A what B. where C. when D. how ( ) 69. The students must do _ the teacher told them. A. as B. before C. after D. if ( ) 70. - I dont know if he _ . - He will come if it _ . A. comes, wont rain B. will come, doesnt rain C. comes, doesnt D. will come, wont rain ( ) 71. Do you know what time _ . A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves ( ) 72. -Could you tell me _ with the bike? -Its broken down. A. whats the matter B. what the matter is C. whats the wrong D. what the wrong is ( ) 73. She said _ it wouldnt matter much. A. that B. if C. which D. what ( ) 74. We wanted to know _ the answer was fight or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. what ( ) 75. John is behind others in maths, but it doesnt follow _ he doesnt use his brains, he may not be interested in it A. what B. that C. if D. which ( ) 76. She has made it clear _ she will have nothing to do with him. A. what B. which C. whether D. that ( ) 77. For centuries, people have wondered _ this continent is really like, since it is covered with solid thick ice and deep snow all the year round. A. what B. how C. which D. whether ( ) 78. Li Lei told Jim _ . A. how much yuan is the sweater B. how much is the sweater C. how much the sweater is D. how much the sweater was ( ) 79. He really doesnt know _ the overhead bridge will be finished. A. how long B. how far C. how soon D. how often ( ) 80. The teacher came up to see _ . A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter ( ) 81. Nobody knew _ . A. where he comes B. where he was from C. where he is from D. where does he come from ( ) 82. Can you tell me _ . Mr. Green lives in Room 2318? A. that B. where C. until D. if ( ) 83. I told them that the sun _ in the east. A. rises B. rose C. has risen D. was rising ( ) 84. You must remember _ the train A. that, leaves B. when, leaves C. when, will leave D. if, leave ( ) 85. The boy asked how far the moon _ from the earth. A. was B. were C. is D. was ( ) 86. I was surprised at _ . A. what he is saying B. what he said C. what did he say D. what said he ( ) 87. I forgot _ France. A. he has gone to B. he had leen to C. he went D. he had gone to ( ) 88. I learned _ the city for a long time. A. she has leen to B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to ( ) 89. He said he _ me before. A. has met B. met C. was meeting D. had met ( ) 90. Id like to know when you _ the army.