Grammar-Focus被动语态.doc

Grammar Focus
Passive voice(被动语态)
Where is tea produced in China?
The shirts are made of cotton.
The ring is made in Korea.
Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.

1被动语态的概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语之间的关系。语态有两种，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
e.g. Many people speak English.
（主动语态, 句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者）
English is spoken by many people. （被动语态,句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者）

2被动语态的构成：
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有时态、人称和数的变化, 其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
eg: Tea is planted on the sides of mountains.
American flags are made in China.
The tea is packed and sent to many countries.
3 主动语态变为被动语态：主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式。点拨：将主动语态变为被动语态时，应先确定句子的谓语动词，并找出句子的宾语。然后，将句子的宾语变成被动句的主语，将谓语动词变成be+v-ed形式,把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语。
eg: The shop uses the best materials to make the dresses.
1) 主动句的谓语动词为use, 宾语是the best materials。
2) 将the best materials作被动句的主语, 谓语动词改为are used的形式。
The best materials are used to make the dresses by the shop .
The postman brings letters to people`s houses.
Letters are brought to people`s houses by the postman.

注意：1 be动词的形式，由被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态中的时态来决定。
2 在我们不知道或没有必要说明动作执行者是谁的时候，这时不带由by引起的短语。
English is spoken all over the world.

被动语态的两种特殊情况
（1）感官动词（如see, watch, hear, feel等）和使役动词（make, let等）在主动语态里有一种句型结构是：
感/使+n. +v. （动词原形）
如：I often hear her play the piano in the music room.
在主动语态中动词为原形但在变为被动语态时应在动词原形前加to。
She is often heard to play the piano in the music room.
（2）双宾语结构的句子变被动语态有两种形式。
①可将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。如：My mother gave me a nice gift yesterday.
I was given a nice gift(by my mother)yesterday

②也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词to或for。
My mother gave me a nice gift yesterday.
A nice gift was given to me(by my mother)yesterday.
一般来说间接宾语前带to的动词有bring, give, hand, send, teach, show, tell, pass, offer, sell, lend, ask等；间接宾语前带for的动词有buy, cook, make, sing, save, get等。

针对训练 
写出下列句子的被动语态。
1. We grow rice in the south of China.

2. They often plant trees in the park.


3 Uncle Wang teaches me English every Sunday.

