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语法专题五:非谓语动词.doc

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1、省镇中高三英语二轮复习语法专题 语法专题五:非谓语动词(一)动词不定式1. 结构: 一般式:to do (to be done) 进行式:to be doing (表示正在发生的动作) 完成式:to have done (表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前) 否定式:not + to do2. 作用(成份):不定式常用作以下成分:1) 主语:亦可用it作形式主语,构成 It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to do sth的句型。 2) 宾语:可以接不定式的常见动词有:hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, ma

2、nage, refuse, fail, pretend, promise等;也可用it作形式宾语,常与feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, regard等连用。 3) 宾补:主要用于解释、说明宾语,常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade等连用。 4) 定语:主要用于对名词的修饰,如:have sth. to do; there be sth. to do等,表“要做”。 5) 表语:be动词之后;表计划或安排

3、等。6) 状语:表示目的,原因,结果等。7) 作独立成分:常用的这类短语有:to tell you the truth , to be frank(坦白地说), to be exact(确切地说), to begin with(首先), to make things worse(使事情更糟糕 的是)等。3. 注意: 1) 不带to的动词不定式常用于:(1) 使役动词let, make, have之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等后面,但在被动语态中须还原to。 (2) would rather,

4、 had better, why (not), may /might as well, cant help but等后面用不带to的动词不定式。(3) 当主语中是或含all, what等引导的从句时,且有do或其其它时态形式,后作表语的不定式常省略to。2) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。 3) 当不定式和句子中的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,和句中的主语构成逻辑主谓关系,不定式常用主动形式;如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出,则不定式用被动形式。 4) 为了避免重复,可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to,但当结构中含有be,have时则不可省略。 5) 不定式与

5、疑问词连用, 在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语, 宾语等。巩固练习:1. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 2. The meeting _next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place3. I feel it an ho

6、nor _ to speak here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music. A. making her heard B. to make her

7、hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard6. I dont know whether you happen _, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A. to be heard B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heard7. We have no idea about _ next. A. how doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do8. The news repo

8、rters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to rob B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed10. - You should have thanked her before you lef

9、t. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so11. _, he had a car accident and was seriously injured. A. Make things worse B. To make things worse C. Make things bad D. To make things bad12. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. design B.

10、to design C. designed D. designing13. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing14. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the exam. A. is B. to be C. being D. have been15. She would rather leave for New

11、York _ in Los Angeles. A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. to staying16. - Are the problems easy? - No, in fact I found _. A. them hard to solve B. it hard to solve C. it hard to be solved D. hard to solve them.17. To get the job, _. A. it is required that one should be qualified B. a bachelo

12、rs degree is necessary C. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricity D. some requirements should be met18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage _. A. to live B. to live in C. live D. living in19. All she did was _ to her parents expectation. A. to live up B. live up C. living up D.

13、lived up20. He was seen _ the house by the back door that morning. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. to be entering21. Do you have any clothes _ today, Sir? A. wash B. to be washed C. to wash D. to be washing22. He loves parties. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming; of leaving B.

14、 comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving23. I regret _ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to have inform24. What does the librarian permit _ out of the library? A. taking B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken25.

15、 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made(二)动名词1. 结构:一般式:doing, being done(被动式)完成式:having done, having been done(被动式)否定式:not + doing2. 作用(成份):主语、宾语(动词、介词宾语)、定语(表功能、类别)、表语3. 注意:1) 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有:admit, appreciate,

16、 avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, succeed in, set about等。2) 下列动词跟v-ing作宾语;但如果已有n. / pron.作宾语时,后则跟to do结构作宾语补足语,如:advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend等。3) 下列动词可跟v-ing或to

17、do结构,但意义上有区别: forget / remember: + doing (忘记/记得已做过) ;+ to do(还未做) go on: + doing(继续同一件事);+ to do (继续另一件事) cant help: + doing(禁不住);+ (to) do(不能帮助) mean: + doing(意味着);+ to do(打算、故意做) regret: + doing(后悔做了);+ to say / tell / inform(遗憾告知) stop: + doing(停止做);+ to do(停下来做另一件事) try: + doing(尝试);+ to do(尽力做)

18、4) “to”在下列词组中为介词,故须跟v-ing: be used to / be accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contributeto, devote / dedicateto, object to, be opposed to, get down to, be equal to, turn to 等。5) 物+ need, require, want(需要)/ deserve(值得):+ v.ing(主动表被动)/ to be done皆可。6) It is no use / good, not a

19、ny use / good, useless:+ doing7) 动名词的复合结构:如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,则要在动名词前加一个物主代词,或名词所有格,构成动名词的复合结构。巩固练习:1. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling2. - What should we do with the empty bottles?- Our teacher advises _ them. A. to sell B. sellin

20、g C. having sold D. sell3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy _ supper.A. preparing for B. in preparing C. to prepare for D. to prepare 4. It is no good _ todays work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave5. You will soon get used to _ a large breakfast in Engla

21、nd. A. eat B. that you eat C. eating D. you eat 6. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked7. People couldnt help _ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing 8. “What do you think of the book?” “Oh

22、, excellent, its worth _ a second time.” A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read9. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _. A. throw up B. throwing up C. to throw up D. threw

23、 up11. Your hair wants _. Youd better have it done tomorrow. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut12. I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make13. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month

24、, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing14. He devoted the whole day to _ the English grammar. A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewing15. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill B. run

25、ning; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling16. - What made Susan so angry? - _ in the rain for a long time. A. Being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting17. How about the three of us _ a walk down the street? A. to take B. taken C. taking D. to be ta

26、ken18. He always dream of _ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential. A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. being19. I prefer staying at home _ the theater. A. to go to B. for going to C. to going to D. rather than go20. I dont think it any use _ for the spilt milk. A. to cry B.

27、 crying C. to be crying D. being crying21. Tony was unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited22. My younger sister suggested _ the Summer Palace first. A. me to visit B. mine visiting C. I visiting D. me visiting23.

28、_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed24. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory _ our living environment. A. being polluted B. polluting C. from being polluted D. polluted25. Isnt it time yo

29、u got down to _ the papers?A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking(三)分词1. 结构:一般式:doing (现在分词:表示主动、进行) done (过去分词:表示被动、完成) 完成式:having done / having been done(表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前) 否定式:not + 分词2. 作用(成分):1) 定语:前置定语:常为一个单词,现在分词表示主动、进行;过去分词主要表示被动,亦可表示完成。 后置定语:常为分词短语,等同于一个定语从句,现在分词表示主动进行;过去分词主要表示被动。 注意:

30、过去分词作后置定语有三种形式,分别代表不同时态:to be done(将来);being done(进行);done(其它)。 2) 状语:表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等。 注意:(1) 逻辑主语的一致性:即分词的逻辑主语须与主句的主语存在主动或被动的一致,主动一致用doing;被动一致用done。 (2) 独立主格结构:当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时,分词须有自己的主语,即:主语 + 分词,等同于一个状语从句。 (3) 分词的独立结构:即在句中独立于主句之外,作状语,不须与主句主语保持一致性。常见分词短语有:generally speaking, considering

31、/ seeing that (鉴于,考虑到), judging from / by (由判断), providing / provided / given that (如果), supposing / suppose that (假设)等。(4) with的复合结构,作伴随状语,即: doing (与宾语主动关系) with + 宾语 + done (与宾语被动关系) to do (表将来) There be + n. + doing / done / to do: (同上)3) 宾补:置于宾语后,解释、说明宾语。若与宾语构成主动、进行关系则用doing;若构成被动关系用done。 4) 表语

32、:现在分词表示进行或描述;过去分词表示被动或人的心理感受。巩固练习:1. The houses _ by the workers now will be completed next week. A. built B. being builtC. to be built D. having been building2. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There

33、 being no rain3. _ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered4. _ the lab, we were taken to the library. A. Showing B. Being shown C. To be shown D. Having been shown5. What he has done _ all of us; he is really _. A. disappointing; disappo

34、inted B. disappoints; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointing D. disappointed; disappointed6. Hearing the news, _. A. tears came to her eyes B. her eyes were filled with tears C. she burst into tears D. she broke out tears7. China is a developing country _ to the Third World. A. belongs B. belo

35、nged C. belonging D. is belonged8. _, Ill go over all these lessons before the exam. A. If time permitting B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits9. The watch _ last night was found _ under the bed. A. losing; lying B. lost; lying C. lost; lain D. losing; laid10. John received an inv

36、itation to dinner, and with his work _ he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished11. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face12. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Su

37、rprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising13. _ nice, the food was sold out soon.A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted 14. _ from space, the earth, with water _seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, coveringD. Seeing, cover

38、ed15.He had his leg _in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking16._in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose17.Dont get _ in the rain.A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught18. Most of the artists _ to the part

39、y were from south Africa.A. having been invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited19. _ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, _ only his stomach _. A. Feeling; leaving; covered B. Felt; left; covered C. Feeling; left; covering D. Felt; leaving; covered20. _ their homework, the pupils went home _ their parents. A. Doing; following B. Having done; following C. Done; followed D. Having done; followed21. When _ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. being asked B. asking C. asked D. to be asked22. _ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again. A. Not receiving B. Not h

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