中考英语语法专题突破非谓语动词.doc

专题十一非谓语动词考点分析解读知识框架图非谓语动词动词不定式构成：(to)+动词原形作用：除谓语外的任何成分动名词构成：v.ing作用：主、宾、表、定分词构成：v.ing/v.ed(规则变化)作用：表、补、定、状考点分析1. 动词不定式。主要包括：动词不定式作主语和宾语，省略to的不定式及固定搭配，固定句型，其中固定搭配，主要包括与动词suppose、prefer、ask、make等词的搭配。2. 动名词及现在分词。以固定搭配为主，少量动名词作主语用法，近几年主要考查过的固定搭配有spend.doing; stop.doing; prefer doing to doing等。重难点精讲考点精讲考点一 动词不定式近3年考查5次1. 动词不定式的用法功能例句作主语To learn math well is difficult for us.作表语Her job is to do the dishes.作宾语(包括疑问词+不定式)They decided to visit the Great Lakes.Could you tell me how to get to the train station?作宾语补足语The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. Hard seats make customers want to eat quickly and leave.作定语2011庆阳3题I have a lot of books to read.作状语可以作目的、结果、原因To catch the train, we had to get up early.2. 后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：用法意义would like/want to do想做like to do喜欢做agree to do同意做hope/wish to do希望做decide to do2013张掖39题考查决定做try to do努力做begin/start to do开始做expect to do期望做refuse to do拒绝做afford to do负担得起做learn to do学会做plan to do2013张掖25题考查计划做prefer to do更喜欢做continue to do继续做promise to do答应做pretend to do假装做3. find, think, make, believe等动词后常用it作形式宾语而把不定式短语放在后面。如：I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我发现在旅游时带张地图很有必要。4. 后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：用法意义tell sb. to do告诉某人做ask sb. to do2012甘南14题考查叫某人做wish sb. to do希望某人做invite sb. to do邀请某人做want sb. to do想让某人做teach sb. to do教某人做allow sb. to do允许某人做force sb. to do强迫某人做expect. sb. to do期望某人做help sb. to do帮助某人做advise sb. to do建议某人做persuade sb. to do说服某人做在make, let, have, hear2013张掖60题、12天水39题考查, see, listen to, feel, watch等动词之后，必须接不带to的不定式作宾补。但当这些动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的动词不定式to要还原。如：I heard him sing in the classroom.=He was heard to sing in the classroom(by me). 我听见他在教室里唱歌。help之后，既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Will you help me(to) wash the clothes? 你能帮助我洗衣服吗？5.动词不定式的特殊句型2011省卷3题、2011庆阳14题考查It is +adj. +of(for) sb to do sth.too.to.表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。.enough to.表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。Why dont you +不带to的不定式？=Why not +不带to的不定式？如：Why dont you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？had better+(not)+不带to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。Will you please+不带to的不定式?如：Will you please close the door? 你能把门关上吗？prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。考点二 动名词与动词不定式1. 只能接动名词的动词动名词具有名词的功能，在句中作主语2013张掖36题、2011庆阳1题、2011天水55题考查、宾语、表语。常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep, give up等。如：He hasnt finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。We must practise speaking English. 我们必须练习说英语。常见的后面接动名词作宾语的短语有：be interested in （对感兴趣）be busy （忙于）give up (放弃)end up(以结束)put off （推迟）feel like （想要）cant help (禁不住)have fun (有乐趣)have a good time (开心)have a hard time/difficult（做有困难）2011兰州23题考查spend (in) doing sth花费做某事2011省卷4题、2011庆阳7题考查have trouble/problems/difficult(做有困难)look forward to (喜欢)be/get used to (习惯于)pay attention to （注意）make a contribution to （为做贡献）prefer doing to sth. doing (喜欢胜于)keep/stop.from.（阻止做）2. 既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词在love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, need, remember, forget, try， stop等动词后，既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语。但表达的意思不同，如：stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事2011省卷4题、2011庆阳7题考查try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事forget to do sth. 忘了要去做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事（未做）need doing sth. 需要做某事（被动含义）need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主动含义）