定语从句重难点复习性讲练.doc

定语从句重难点复习性讲练知识讲解：8关系代词主语动宾介宾 定语人whothatwho whomthatwhomwhose (某人的)=of whom the物which thatwhichwhose(某物的)=of which thewhose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，可分别与 of which/whom the互换使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue. 关系副词表示从句动作发生在某时：when=at/on/in + which表示从句动作发生在某地：where=at/on/in + which表示从句动作发生的原因：why=for + which一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？ when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。Ill never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when (=in which) we wont be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.Ill show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.比较：The reason _ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况:1. who、that 不能用于介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to _ you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in _ she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better.三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词。1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _ whom I think you can depend. The house _ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school _ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age_ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。He has lost the key to the box _ _the papers are kept. My glasses,_ _I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.His bike_ _ he went to work was stolen last night.5.名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whomThe committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of _ was written in 1930s.There are two left, one of _ is almost finished ,and the other of _ is not quite. I have a sentence , the meaning of _ I dont understand.四、非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. I am reading Harry Porter， _is an interesting book. I am reading Harry Porter，and _is an interesting book.I am reading Harry Porter; _is an interesting book. 2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. He failed in the exam, and _made his parents angry.He failed in the exam; _ made his parents angry.3. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.He has two sons, and both of _ are teachers.He has two sons; both of _ are teachers. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers.4. It might rain tomorrow; in _ case well have to put off the sports meeting until next Friday. It might rain tomorrow, in _ case well have to put off the sports meeting until next Friday.5. They stayed with me for two weeks, during _ time they drank all the bill I had. They stayed with me for two weeks; during _ time they drank all the bill I had.五、as引导定语从句1. as 引导的限定性定语从句（1）This is the same book _ I lost yesterday. 这本书和我昨天丢的那本一模一样。This is the same book _ I lost yesterday. 这本书就是我昨天丢的那本。注意：当先行词被the same 修饰时，引导词用as和that时意义不同。（2）This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句_ is known to us all, the earth is round. The earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to us all that the earth is round. The earth is round; _ is known to us all._ is known to us all is that the earth is round.注意：非限定性定语从句在句首时只能用as，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which只有“这一点，这件事”的意思。比较：He married again, _ we expected. He married again, _ was beyond our expectation.3. as 与which的区别：只能用as的情况：(1).固定句型：the same .as ; such. as; soas即:当先行词有such/so修饰时关系代词常用as. as充当宾语或表语.I shall do it in the same way_ （像你那样的）. I want to buy such a book_ （你拥有的）.He is so good a teacher as _（我们都喜欢的）. He is not the same man_ (过去那样的).比较:He is not the man_ (过去那样的).(2).代替整个句子，意为“正如”时,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as we all know=as is known to all, ; 正如大家都知道的；众所周知as is said above, .如上所述as is often the case,.; 正如经常出现的情况 as is reported in the newspaper,.正如报纸所报道的as we expected/planned; 正如我们所期盼/计划的 as you know/see; 正如你所知道/看到的六、难点解析：易混情况之含有定语从句的疑问句Is this house _ you lived in last year?A. where B. that C which D. the oneThis house is the one (that)Is this the house _ you lived in last year? A. where B. that C. in which D. the oneThis is the house (that)难点解析：易混情况关系代词和关系副词的选用1. Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 不及物动词。2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 及物动词,缺宾语3. I went back to the place I spend my childhood. 及物动词,不缺宾语4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 及物动词,缺宾语5. This is the reason _he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave. 及物动词,缺宾语七、怎样区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. 定语从句When you read books, you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 地点状语从句区别于其它从句:Put the note where it can easily be found.地点状语从句 Put the note at the place where it can easily be found. 定语从句This is where I was born. 表语从句 This is the place where I was born. 定语从句八、定语从句和名词性从句的转换：先行词和关系词合二为一： Anyone who (= Whoever) leaves the room last should turn off the lights. I will do all that(=what) I can to help you. I will do whatever (=anything that或everything that) I can to help you. 九、关系词的使用规定：在下列情况指人只能用 who 而不用that1.先行词是one / ones / anyone 时要用whoOne who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who are often late should be punishedDont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.2.先行词为 those, he 时用 “who”而不用 “that”. Those who break the law are punished. He who laughs last laughs best.He who breaks the law is punished. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况：a.在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。He made the same mistakes again, which made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary, which cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr. Smith, who gave a talk several months ago, will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad, whom I havent met for along time.His dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.b.紧跟在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。Her bag, in which she put all her money, has been stolen.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang, with whom I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.Which is the car, the owner of which you know?关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that(不管是指人还是指物)。1.先行词是all , everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词时。All _ can be done has been done. Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?There is little _ can be believed about it . The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.2.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lent me. No sample _ we nave received is satisfactory.Please send us any information _ you have about the subject. He is the only person _ was present at the time.3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Hamburg is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen. This is the best TV _ is made in China.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.This is the first/second/last book (that) he has read.4.先行词中既有人又有事物时.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.5. 先行词在主句中作表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.He didnt become the kind of person that his father wanted him to be.6. 由which和who开头的问句中避免重复Which is the subject (that) you are going to learn next term? Who is the man that came to see you just now?Who that you have ever seen can do it better? Who that you are talking to is the young fellow ?记忆口诀：the very, the only; the same, no, any; 两项并列人与物；不定、序数、最高级。（“不定”指不定代词，但指人的one / ones / anyone/those/he除外。）特殊情况 I dont like the way _he speaks to me. This is the first time_I have been here.十一、定语从句与强调句的结合。考查定语从句引导词与强调句引导词that的位置. 在对话中往往省略that部分，如：-I cant find Mr. Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?-It was in the hotel _ he stayed (that I met him this morning).A. that B. there C. which D. where-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.A. thatB. thereC. whichD. whereIt was in the village _ he once lived _ he got his junior education.A. that; where B. where that C. which; where D. where; which十二、分割性定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分割。此时此时要能够理清句子结构，慧眼识别先行词及定语从句。1. The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET2001）A. until B. that C. when D. where2. He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years. （2002年上海春季卷）A. is B. are C. have been D. has been3. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （08江西） A. where B. when C. who D. which4. A fast food restaurant is the place_, just as the name suggests, eating is done quickly.A. whichB. whereC. there D. what巩固练习：填空题1. This is the day _I met him.2. This is the day _I will never forget.3. This is the day _we spent together.4. This is the place _I lived last year.5. This is the place _ I was born.6. This is the place _I visited last year.7. The reason_ he gave for his being late was that his mother was ill.8. The reason _he was late was that his mother was ill.9. The reason_ his mother was ill led to his being late.10. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.11. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.12. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 13. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.14. Is this the factory _ we visited last week? 15. Is this factory _ we visited last week? 16. Is this the factory _ his father works?17. The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.18. The room _ my family live used to be a garage.19. Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?20. Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? 21. I will never forget the day. I first went to school on _.22. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.23. (比较) I will never forget the year _ I first went to school.24. This is the girl. _ wallet is lost.25. This is the girl _ wallet is lost.26. Give me the book. The cover of _ is red.27. Give me the book _ cover is red.28. Give me the book, _ the cover is red.29. Give me the book, the cover _ is red.30. Last week we visited the factory. My brother works in_.31. Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works.32. Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works in.33. The reason was not clear. He didnt come for _. 34.The reason _ he didnt come was not clear.35. Tell me the reason _ you came late.36. This is the room_ _they once lived.37. This is the reason_ _ I failed.38. The pencil_ _he wrote was broken.39. She has three children, all_ _ are at school.40. I dont know the student _ Tom quarreled yesterday.41. I dont know the thing _Tom and Mary quarreled yesterday.42. She is the girl _ I went there.43. I cant find the very pen _I wrote that letter.44. China has a lot of famous writers, one_ _is Lu Xun.45. Do you like the book she spent $10? 53.Do you like the book she paid $10?46. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 47.Do you like the book she often talks? 48.There is a tall tree outside, _stands our teacher.49.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.50. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.51. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.52. He did all / everything _he could to help me.53. This is the very thing _ I am after.54. We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.55. He is the only man _ can do the work.56. This is the first thing _ I want to say.57. He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.58. Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.59. Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.60. Is there anything else _