专题09语法填空之有提示词-【查漏补缺】2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关.docx

专题09语法填空之有提示词（解析版）语法填空那么史侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力, 凸显交际性和语境化特征。有提示词的空处般考查的是动、名、形、副。语篇填空把握全文大意,为下一步填空做好“语意”上的准备，因为“语意”决定着空白 通读全文处应填一个什么意思的词语，从而进一步决定应该采用什么样的语法形式 理解大意这是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语意”和正确的语法形式的思维过程。先忽略一 而前一时无法确定的题目，在核套时联系上下文作答 先易后难在语篇中I在具体的语境和语篇巾进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用训练考息动词的不规那么变化、非谓语动词的形式、词性间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须 加强曲其牢记准夯实基础加强。项训练卢项训练有助手总结规律L提高解题技能L增强型j此题型的能2一、有提示词解法思维导图有提示词一“一看二思”解题法先看给的是什么词先看给的是什么词u动词名词代词形容词、副词再思转化和用法I派生为形容诃 I派生为名词 过去分词 I现在分词 I动名词 厂不定式 虚拟语气 主谓一致I语态I时态=_L名词的所有格_!_名词的单打数词的派生派生为形容词 厂派生为动词人称代词物主代词反身代词比拟等级词的派生派生为形容词 十派生为名词 L派生为副词 最高级 L比拟级【解析】1:考杳动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词，又因it指代前 面The Xian City Wall,和build是被动关系，且是在the Tang dynasty被建立,故用过去式的被动语态。本 句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。2 ：考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间，故填in。3 ：考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填to walk。4 ：考查非谓语动词。After介词后加doing形式，故填spending。5 :考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中than可知,应该填写形容词的比拟级的形式，故填belter。6 :考杳动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知，应该 为过去的时态，主语为we,为主动语态，故填hired。7 ：考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又昆，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。8 ：考查冠词。all the way为固定搭配，意为自始自终，一路上”。故填the。9 ：考查名词。根据句子结构，and前后致，and前是the different gates,名词的复数形式，所以空格 也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowerso：考查形容词。此处表示“观察当地人的日常生活”，修饰routines,故用形容词，故填daily。 2021年6月全国乙卷Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate) about (he areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 tripsare now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place. Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】educated ; development; its ; until; the ; of; visiting ; financial; Activities ; to have【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。【解析】：考杳形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的 旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated.2 ：考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：并且对于当地地 区的开展有益。故填development。3：考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的。rigin 起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定 关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。4：考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not 一起构成固定用法notuntil,意为直到才句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。5：考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行。故填Ihe。6：考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故 填of。7：考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词。f 的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。8：考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance 的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。9：考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。 句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动。故填Aclivilies。10：考杳非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth,意 为”目的在于做某事”，因此应填不定式形式。句意：并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填I。 havco2021年6月浙江卷It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincolns home indowntown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to thepublic. Beautifully restored (修复)tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2$ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, whoperformed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today. Marys niece wrote, pretty, The little home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.Although Mary loved Howers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; fbr ; marriage ; smaller; was painted ; herself; neither ; to plant; The ; sold 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯的家的相关情 况。【解析】.考查现在完成时。结合句中since -词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后， 林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。1 ：考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购 买了这个房子和一些地。2 ：考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marrymarriage,这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser于1842 年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。3 ：考查形容词的比拟级，句中有ihan这个提示词，much修饰比拟级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要 小得多。4 ：考杳一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生 在过去，所以用一般过去时。5 ：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。6 ：考查连词，neither.nor.,既不也不(两者都不)。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但是她和她的丈 夫都没有以园艺者而著称。7 ：考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。8 :考查定冠词Ihe, Ihe Linclons林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856 年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。9 ：考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大局部的家具。 rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。卜。21年1月浙江卷In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数)across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.BMI is an inleniationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 254 (consider) healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 52.1 in women and men. Incities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described striking changes in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8(sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in (he countryside, including 10_ _ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.答案】and ; that 或 which ; persons ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower【解析】I ：文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后 的原因。考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重:指 数的增加。分析句子结构可知 that people worldwide arc getting heavier 和 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系,故答案为and。2 ：考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是 BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool,故答案为that/which。3 ：考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数(以千克为单位)除以身高数(以米为单位) 的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是附属关系。故答 案为 persons o：考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BM1数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知Consider做谓语,主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时， 故答案为 is consideredo4 ：考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了 2.1。increase by+数值 表示增长了多少，故答案为by。5 ：考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3,男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主Ihe gain 是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。6 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数 值高。分析句子结构可知 study 做 urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 的定语，动 词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为studiedo：考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BM1 difference. had narrowed (sharp).修饰动词 narrow 要用副词，故答案为 sharply。7 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系，故答案为living。8 ：考查形容词比拟级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销 和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知 levels of income and education 与 higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用膨容词比拟级，故答案为lower。三、模拟综合演练(2022新强布尔津县高级中学一模)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The Shanghai Contemporary Handwriting Academy has been established to give young people a chance to learn about the “ancient” skills of using pen and ink to communicate, but, more 1 (important), to learn how to think.In recent years, as the t4newM technology of using computers and smartphones 2 (take)over society, students no longer need to learn how to write “mechanically and they let their keyboards do the work. For Chinese students, this has made it 3 (easy) to recognize characters, but has caused problems when it comes to 4 (write) characters since it can be difficult to remember all the strokes(笔划).Handwriting is 5 important skill that goes beyond conununication. Studies have shown that students 6 use handwriting to take notes in class remember information betterimproving their scores 7 as much as 15 percent. And people who use “longhand(普通书写)to write 8 (essay) are able to think more clearly and creatively.Although Keyboarding has done wonders 9 (make) life more efficient, i( is too impersonal. Handwriting is anything but robotic. Each persons handwriting is unique and conveys an individuals0(personal) and emotion.1. importantlyhas taken2. easierwriting3. anwho#that4. byessays5. to makepersonality【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过上海当代书法学院的成立引出使用手写对我们生活的必要性的讨论。1. 考杳副词。句意：上海当代书法学院成立的目的是让年轻人有机会学习“占老”的用笔和墨水交流的技巧，但 更重要的是，学习如何思考。此处需填副词importantly,修饰后面的整个句子。故填importanlly。2. 考查动词时态。句意：近年来，由于使用电脑和智能手机的“新”技术已经接管了社会，学生们不再需要学习 如何“机械地”书写，他们让键盘工作。根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为 technology,助动词用 has。故填 has taken。3. 考杳形容词比拟级。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书写汉字时却产生了问 题，因为很难记住所有的笔画。空处需填形容词作宾语补足语，因为和后文中“汉子书写产生了问题“相比拟， 此处表示“识字是更容易的“，所以需用形容词比拟级easier。故填easier。4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书写汉字时却产生了问题， 因为很难记住所有的笔画。when it comes to为固定句型，表示“当提到”，t。为介词，后面需要动名词 作宾语。故填writing。5. 考查冠词。句意：书写是一项重要的技能，它超越了交流。skill是可数名词，此处表示“一种技能”,且important 发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。6. 考杳定语从句。句意：研究说明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息他们的分数提高了 15%。 空处引导定语从句，先行词students,指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填ihat/wh。 7.考查介词。句意：研究说明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息他们的分数提高了 15%。 此处表示“提高了“，应用介词by。故填by。8. 考查名词。句意：而使用“手写”来写文章的人能够更清晰、更有创造力地思考。essay为可数名词，结合空 后的are可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填essays。9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然键盘已经奇迹般地让生活更有效率，但它太没有人情味了。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。10.考查名词。句意：每个人的笔迹都是独无二的，传达着每个人的个性和情感。空处和emotion并列，需填 名词作宾语。故填personality。| (2022云南一模)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The China-Laos Railway, 11 connects Kunming in southwest Chinas Yunnan Province with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, 12 (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021. The 1035-kilometer-long railway is a landmark project and an important part of the Pan-Asian railway network. 1( will not only benefit ihe two peoples, but also 13 (significant) improve regional connectivity.14 (locate) southwest of China, Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia and mainly depends on road, water and air transport for the movement of people and goods. It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country 15 a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning 16 (they) dream into reality.The new railway will improve Laos5 transportation and promote its tourism as well as agricultural processing industries. It will also enable Lao businesses to 17 (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.China and Laos have stood together through (hick and thin and engaged in mutually beneficial cooperation on (he basis of equality. Besides, China and Laos were (he first 18 (sign) an agreement based on the Belt and Road Initiative. The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the 19 (develop) of the Ch in a-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with2() shared future.11. whichstarted12. significantlyLocated13. totheir14. betterto sign15. developmenta【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日 开始运营，及这条铁路对两国的重要意义。11. 考兖定语从句关系词。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日 开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Laos Railway,指物，在从句中作主语，用关 系代词whicho故填whicho12. 考查时态。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处缺乏谓语，时间状语为on Dec 3. 2021,谓语动词start用一般过去时。故填started。13. 考查副词。句意：它不仅将造福于两国人民，还将显著改善地区连通性。用副词significantly （显著地）作状 语修饰动词 improve 故填 significantly。14. 考查过去分词。句意：老挝位于中国西南部，是东南亚唯一的内陆国家，主要依靠公路、水路和航空运输 运送人员和货物。本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词locale用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Laos与动词locale是 动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Locaied。15. 考查固定搭配。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连 的国家“，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。固定搭配changefrom.to.（从变成）。故填16. 考查代词。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国 家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性物主代词Uieir作定语修饰名词dream。故填 theito 17. 考杳副词比拟级。句意：它还将使老挝企业更好地融入区域和全球供应链。此处讲新铁路带来的好处，这 个好处是相对于以前情况而讲的，用副词比拟级belter作状语，修饰动词短语fil inio。故填betler。18. 考查动词不定式。句意：此外，中国和老挝是第一个基于“一带一路”建议签署协议的国家。the+序数词+（名 词）+动词不定式，sign用动词不定式做后置定语。故填to sign。19. 考查名词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的开展，并将进一步推动建设一个有 着共同未来的中老共同体。用抽象名词development做动词speed的宾语。故填development,20. 考查冠词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的开展，并将进一步推动建设一个有 着共同未来的中老共同体。此处泛指”个共同的未来“，shared以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。(2022陕西省榆林中学二模)Youths in East Asia are now embracing a new philosophy theyve called 4ktang ping, or “lying flat”. The phrase 21 (apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online fbrum run by the Chinese search giant Baidu. The author suggested that instead of working ones entire life chasing after an apartment and traditional family 22 (value), people should pursue a simple life. 23other words, just “lie flat”.Talk of “lying flat” has spread rapidly through China as young people fight with intense competition for the most 24 (attract) jobs, especially in tech and other white collar fields. Many tech firms 25 startups demand of people to work nearly double-or more the number of hours in26 typical workweek.This type of phenomenon, though, isnt limited to China. Across East Asia, young people say theyve become exhausted by (he prospect of working hard for seemingly little reward. In the Republic of Korea, young people are giving up on 27 (marry) and home owner-ship. In Japan, they are so pessimistic about the countrys future 28 they are avoiding material possessions.44Young people29 (wear) out,“ said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology al KeimyungUniversity in the Republic of Korea. uThcy dont know why they have to work so